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951.
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景观病理学在开展病原扩散、病害发生及其严重程度方面以其全新的视角,为森林病害的区域控制提供了新的研究技术及理论支持。首次利用景观病理学原理和方法对河南省清丰县一个中型景观下杨树人工林干部病害发生特征开展了研究,目的是解析在大尺度下斑块类型和地理特征对杨树人工林病害发生的影响。在100 km2的调查区域,以种植方式和林分类型划分斑块类型,分析显示发病株率在不同斑块间差异显著:农田间作斑块的林木发病株率显著低于孤立斑块、纯林斑块、混交林等斑块的发病株率;但发病株率在孤立斑块、纯林斑块及混交林等斑块间无显著差异。抚育管理措施对预防和减轻杨树人工林干部病害的发生起到关键左右:精细管理林分(有修枝、施肥和锄草)的林木发病株率(p=0.001)和发病指数(p〈0.001)均显著低于粗放管理林分(无修枝、无施肥和锄草等)。人类活动,如无序修剪和放牧很可能是造成村落附近林分发病率显著高于其他地点林分的主要原因。采用logistic回归,以品种编号、树龄、树高、林分密度、林分郁闭度、林分类型、斑块类型、地理特征,等为自变量建立病害发生预测模型。方程拟合达到极显著水平(Wald=71.248,p〈0.001)。方程总的预测正确率为68.2%,发病的预测正确率为79.8%。 相似文献
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介质筛护岸的水质净化功能与机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以桂林桃花江介质筛护岸工程为依托,对介质筛护岸的水质净化功能进行了试验研究.结果表明,介质筛护岸两侧水位波动促进了生物地球化学反应的发生.介质筛护岸对COD、NH 4-N和TN的平均去除率分别为76.5%、95%和81%.介质层内的COD浓度逐层降低,在距离岸边2.5 m左右的沸石强化层中,其浓度接近5 mg·L-1;在介质筛的第5、6层内NH 4-N的浓度基本稳定在0.3 mg·L-1.沸石层对NH 4-N吸附的有效厚度为10 cm,能够满足水质净化的目的. 相似文献
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Weiguo Luo Shihe Wang Juan Huang Lu Yan Jun Huang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2007,1(3):316-319
To determine the impact of photosynthesis and transpiration on nitrogen removal in wetlands, an artificial wetland planted with reeds was constructed to treat highly concentrated domestic wastewater. Under different meteorological and hydraulic conditions, the daily changes of photosynthesis and transpiration of reeds, as well as nitrogen removal efficiency were measured. It was found that net photosynthesis rate per unit leaf area was maintained on a high level (average 19.0 μmol CO2/(m2·s)) from 10:00 to 14:00 in July 2004 and reached a peak of 21.1 μmol CO2/(m2·s) when Photon Flux Density was high during the day. Meanwhile, TN and NH4 +-N removal efficiency rose to 79.6% and 89.6%, respectively—the maximum values observed in the test. Correlation coefficient analysis demonstrated a positive correlation among photon flux density, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and TN and NH4 +-N removal efficiency. In contrast, there was a negative correlation between stomatal conductance and TN and NH4 +-N removal efficiency. Results suggest that the photosynthesis and transpiration of wetland plants have a great impact on nitrogen removal efficiency of wetlands, which can be enhanced by an increase in the photosynthesis and transpiration rate. In addition, the efficiency of water usage by reeds and nitrogen removal efficiency could be affected by the water level in wetlands; a higher level boosts nitrogen removal efficiency. 相似文献
959.
考察了水中本底成分对催化臭氧化分解水中微量硝基苯的影响规律.对比试验结果表明,单独臭氧氧化、臭氧/蜂窝陶瓷催化氧化和臭氧/改性蜂窝陶瓷催化氧化工艺在自来水中比蒸馏水中对硝基苯的去除率分别增加了4.90%、2.47%和5.12%.单独臭氧氧化对硝基苯的分解效率随着镁离子浓度的升高(0~8 mg.L-1)而增加了6.25%,在相同实验条件下,臭氧/蜂窝陶瓷催化氧化和臭氧/改性蜂窝陶瓷催化氧化对硝基苯的降解效率随着镁离子浓度的升高却降低了11.41%和17.64%;单独臭氧氧化、臭氧/蜂窝陶瓷催化氧化和臭氧/改性蜂窝陶瓷催化氧化在氯离子浓度增加(0~40 mg.L-1)的情况下对硝基苯的去除率分别下降了4.42%、9.38%和12.24%;低浓度的腐殖酸促进了硝基苯的降解,高浓度的腐殖酸抑制了硝基苯的降解.实验还研究了臭氧投加量和硝基苯初始浓度对硝基苯降解效率的影响. 相似文献
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Lingzhan Miao Chao Wang Jun Hou Peifang Wang Yanhui Ao Yi Li Bowen Lv Yangyang Yang Guoxiang You Yi Xu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(12):11611-11619
The stability of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) is expected to play a key role in the environmental risk assessment of nanotoxicity in aquatic systems. In this study, the effect of alginate (model polysaccharides) on the stability of CuO NPs in various environmentally relevant ionic strength conditions was investigated by using time-resolved dynamic light scattering. Significant aggregation of CuO NPs was observed in the presence of both monovalent and divalent cations. The critical coagulation concentrations (CCC) were 54.5 and 2.9 mM for NaNO3 and Ca(NO3)2, respectively. The presence of alginate slowed nano-CuO aggregation rates over the entire NaNO3 concentration range due to the combined electrostatic and steric effect. High concentrations of Ca2+ (>6 mM) resulted in stronger adsorption of alginate onto CuO NPs; however, enhanced aggregation of CuO NPs occurred simultaneously under the same conditions. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that the bridging interaction of alginate with Ca2+ might be an important mechanism for the enhanced aggregation. Furthermore, significant coagulation of the alginate molecules was observed in solutions of high Ca2+ concentrations, indicating a hetero-aggregation mechanism between the alginate-covered CuO NPs and the unabsorbed alginate. These results suggested a different aggregation mechanism of NPs might co-exist in aqueous systems enriched with natural organic matter, which should be taken into consideration in future studies. 相似文献