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排序方式: 共有43条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
11.
Response patterns in adult forest trees to chronic ozone stress: identification of variations and consistencies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nunn AJ Reiter IM Häberle KH Langebartels C Bahnweg G Pretzsch H Sandermann H Matyssek R 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2005,136(3):365-369
The responsiveness of adult beech and spruce trees to chronic O(3) stress was studied at a free-air O(3) exposure experiment in Freising/Germany. Over three growing seasons, gas exchange characteristics, biochemical parameters, macroscopic O(3) injury and the phenology of leaf organs were investigated, along with assessments of branch and stem growth as indications of tree performance. To assess response pattern to chronic O(3) stress in adult forest trees, we introduce a new evaluation approach, which provides a comprehensive, readily accomplishable overview across several tree-internal scaling levels, different canopy regions and growing seasons. This new approach, based on a three-grade colour coding, combines statistical analysis and the proficient ability of the "human eye" in pattern recognition. 相似文献
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Karl-Heinz Schwind Jamshid Hosseinpour Heidelore Fiedler Christoph Lau Otto Hutzinger 《Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung》1994,6(5):243-246
Im Rahmen eines Untersuchungsprogrammes zur Schadstoffemission von Paraffin-, Stearin- und Bienenwachskerzen ohne Farb- und
Lackbeimischungen wurden sowohl die Wachse und Dochte als auch die Brandgase dieser Kerzen auf die toxikologisch besonders
relevanten Schadstoffklassen der PCDD/PCDF, PAK und kurzkettigen Aldehyde untersucht. Die toxikologische Bewertung kommt selbst
bei einem angenommenen „worst case“-Szenario und unter Berücksichtigung von geltenden Grenz- und Richtwerten zu dem Ergebnis,
da? von den untersuchten Kerzen kein zus?tzliches Gesundheitsrisiko ausgeht.
Exhaust fumes of paraffin, beeswax and stearin candles without any further paint or decorative element were analysed for the
toxicological important substance classes of PCDD/PCDF, PAH and short chain aldehydes. The candle waxes and wicks were investigated
for chlorinated dioxins, furans and some known precursors. Toxicological risk assessment shows that emissions of the investigated
candles are much lower than all administrative limitation values — even under “worst case conditions”. Thus, they do not produce
a toxicological risk for human health. 相似文献
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Jürgen Breitung Drik Bruns-Nagel Klaus Steinbach Karl-Heinz Blotevogel Tom Gorontzy Ralf Dillert Ralf Winterberg Heiko Stoffers Rainer Haas Marco Müller Peter Asbach Lothar Kaminski Eberhard von Löw Diethard Gemsa 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1996,8(5):249-254
The formation of aromatic amines was investigated using a summarized test (NEDA-test) during the composting of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) contaminated soil. In this test, the aromatic amines were diazolated and then coupled to N-1-Naphthyl-ethylenediamine-dihydrochloride (NEDA) to yield an azo dye which can be monitored photometrically. The test was calibrated for known TNT-metabolites with an active amine-group. Liquid samples from composting- and liquid-culture-experiments were analyzed by HPLC for these known metabolites. Moreover, the samples were monitored by the NEDA-test and the expected extinction of the TNT-metabolites found with amine function were extrapolated with the help of calibration curves. It was shown that substantial differences are obvious between the monitored and extrapolated values. After separation into polar and non-polar aromatic amines, it became clear that these differences are made by the polar aromatic amines. Polar aromatic amines, which are not detectable by presently available analytical tests, were generated during the composting of TNT-contaminated soils. Contaminated stagnant water, which was generated during anaerobization of a compost prephase, was treated aerobically for 70 days in a biofermenter. During this treatment TNT and its known metabolites were eliminated almost entirely. Simultaneously, the toxicity in the Lumis Tox-test decreased drastically. In striking contrast, the sum of aromatic amines decreased only to a minor extent. Moreover, the percentage of polar compounds from total amount of aromatic amines increased drastically from 48% to more than 95%. At present, the chemical identification of these polar compounds is still missing and is the object for further research. 相似文献
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Matrix diffusion in saturated rocks with very low permeability is one of the major mechanisms of solute transport. Laboratory out-diffusion experiments on rock samples may provide an estimate of the bulk diffusion coefficient. However, numerous results have shown that this average parameter does not really depict the complex mechanism of diffusion as a function of the internal heterogeneity of crystalline rocks. Two-dimensional images of the porosity distribution in a granite sample were obtained by impregnation with a radioactive resin and autoradiography. Some examples based on these images and synthetic images were used to perform numerical simulations of out-diffusion using two different random walk methods. The simulated shapes of the out-diffusion curves depend on the spatial distribution of the porosity and on the pore connectivity with the border of the sample. Such relations might explain the multiple nested slopes or the convex shapes often observed on real experimental curves. 相似文献
20.
Skin and stomach epithelia of the four suborders of nudibranch gastropods (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia) are characterized by
large intracellular ovoid disks, here called spindles. These spindles are an evolutionary novelty in the nudibranchs; in shell-less
sacoglossan species they are missing. We here examined whether the distribution and occurrence of the spindles is consistent
with the assumption of a protective role against discharging nematocysts of co-habiting and prey Cnidaria. Spindles were abundant
in epidermal cells of regions exposed to nematocysts, such as the cerata, the lips, the edges of lamellate rhinophores, the
surfaces of non-retractile gill-like organs, as well as in the stomach epithelium of eolid and dendronotacean species which
feed on Cnidaria. While cells packed with spindles almost exclusively formed the epidermis of eolid and arminacean species,
they were less numerous in the skin of dendronotacean and dorid species, where glandular cells predominated. The preponderance
of either glandular or spindle cells suggests a dual complementary defense strategy, on the one side the production of mucus
coats and aversive glandular secretions, on the other structural defensive devices that are cushion-like entities filled with
inert grains. 相似文献