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71.
A procedure for the determination of chitinase activity was adapted for the seawater environment. Preliminary data indicate that the controlled bacterial environment within the digestive tracts of marine fishes and possibly other marine animals plays a significant role in the decomposition and recycling of chitin. It is estimated in the stomachs of a single population of Enophrys bison (buffalo sculpin) of 1×105 fish that ca. 16 metric tons of chitin could be decomposed annually.Published as Technical Paper No. 4434, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station. This research was supported by NIH training grant 5TO1 GM-00704 and NSF grant DES73-06611 AO2. 相似文献
72.
Manabe S Kurihara N Wada O Izumikawa S Asakuno K Morita M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1993,80(3):281-286
A carcinogen, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]-pyridine (PhIP), has been measured in airborne particles, diesel-exhaust particles, and incineration ash from garbage-burning plants. PhIP was found in all kinds of samples. In the light of the present results, together with the previous findings that PhIP was present in cooked foods and cigarette smoke, PhIP is likely to be an ubiquitous environmental pollutant. These observations also suggest that PhIP may be formed through the combustion process. 相似文献
73.
Xuehao Zhao Yinhu Wu Xue Zhang Xin Tong Tong Yu Yunhong Wang Nozomu Ikuno Kazuki Ishii Hongying Hu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(4):55
74.
An Antarctic psychrophilic marine Vibrio species was isolated having the inducible ability to accumulate nonmetabolizable thiomethyl-14C--galactopyranoside (14C-TMG) through a galactose permease system. Induction of 14C-TMG uptake was found to have a salinity requirement which was higher than that required for uptake. At the optimum salinity, galactose and fucose were the primary inducers. Lactose produced a comparable induction but only at higher concentrations, whereas glucose did not cause induction. The initial rate of 14C-TMG uptake exhibited saturation kinetics with an apparent Km value of 4.8 x 10–6M. An amino acid, in addition to the inducer, was required for induction which could not be replaced by glycerol or galactose. Evidence is presented which indicates that the uptake of 14C-TMG is energy-dependent and that nutrient availability is more important than salinity for induction and uptake under conditions which would normally be found in the oceanic environment.Technical Paper No. 4911, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station. 相似文献
75.
Kikuchi T Miyazaki S Ohnishi H Takahashi J Nakajima Y Tsuji K 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2008,95(10):963-968
Evolution of caste is a central issue in the biology of social insects. Comparative studies on their morphology so far suggest
the following three patterns: (1) a positive correlation between queen–worker size dimorphism and the divergence in reproductive
ability between castes, (2) a negative correlation among workers between morphological diversity and reproductive ability,
and (3) a positive correlation between queen–worker body shape difference and the diversity in worker morphology. We conducted
morphological comparisons between castes in Pachycondyla luteipes, workers of which are monomorphic and lack their reproductive ability. Although the size distribution broadly overlapped,
mean head width, head length, and scape length were significantly different between queens and workers. Conversely, in eye
length, petiole width, and Weber’s length, the size differences were reversed. The allometries (head length/head width, scape
length/head width, and Weber’s length/head width) were also significantly different between queens and workers. Morphological
examinations showed that the body shape was different between queens and workers, and the head part of workers was disproportionately
larger than that of queens. This pattern of queen–worker dimorphism is novel in ants with monomorphic workers and a clear
exception to the last pattern. This study suggests that it is possible that the loss of individual-level selection, the lack
of reproductive ability, influences morphological modification in ants. 相似文献
76.
Genetic differences in the production of male neonates in Daphnia magna exposed to juvenile hormone analogs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We studied the susceptibility of three genetically different strains of the cyclical parthenogen Daphnia magna (Cladocera, Crustacea) in producing male neonates following exposure to juvenile hormone analogs. In experiment 1, NIES, Clone A, and Belgium A strains were exposed to the insect growth regulators (IGRs) fenoxycarb or epofenonane in a 21-day reproduction experiment. Fenoxycarb exposure decreased the total number of neonates and increased production of male neonates in a concentration-dependent manner in the NIES strain. The decrease in the total number of neonates was so great in Clone A following fenoxycarb exposure that male neonates were not observed, even at the highest concentration, where the total number of neonates was only 2% of the control. In the Belgium A strain, male neonates were observed at a rate of about 20% following exposure to the highest fenoxycarb concentration, but the total number observed was small. Epofenonane did not decrease reproduction in the NIES and Belgium A strains as dramatically as did fenoxycarb, but the neonatal sex ratio changed in a concentration-dependent manner. Although the ratio of males was as low as about 10%, induction of male neonates was also observed in Clone A following epofenonane exposure. In experiment 2, gravid females were exposed to high concentrations (5 or 10 microg/l) of fenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen for 12h. These treatments induced the production of male neonates in all strains, with a small decrease in the total number of neonates. Although induction of male neonates by juvenile hormones and their analogs was universal among genetically different strains, care is needed in interpreting the results of the 21-day reproduction tests, because decreased numbers of neonates at higher concentrations could obscure the presence of male neonates. 相似文献
77.
Nobuo Matsuura Tomoaki Uchiyama Hiroshi Tada Yosikazu Nakamura Naomi Kondo Masatoshi Morita Masaru Fukushi 《Chemosphere》2001,45(8):1167-1171
Dioxins (PCDD + PCDF) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) are potentially hazardous compounds and have structural similarity to thyroid hormones. Our research group on “Dioxins and PCB in Human Milk” was organized in 1997 and has been active for the past three years. We collected breast milk from 80 mothers living in Tokyo, Saitama, Ishikawa and Osaka Prefecture in Japan at 5, 30, 150, 300 postpartum days and measured PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs during 1998–1999. We added another 20 prefectures and cities during 1999–2000. Breast milk was obtained from 415 mothers at 30 postpartum days (breast-feeding group). Blood was taken from infants who were breast-fed at the age of 1 year for evaluation of thyroid and immune functions. Blood was also taken from 53 infants who were bottle-fed (bottle-feeding group) as a control. Serum T4, T3, FT4 and TSH levels in the breast-feeding (n=337) and bottle-feeding (n=53) groups were within normal ranges and were not significantly different between the two groups. Although there were a large geographic differences of dioxins and co-PCB content in breast milk, there were no differences in serum T4, T3, FT4, TSH levels and no significant correlation between the mean serum levels of TSH and TEQ in breast milk. There was a significant correlation between serum TSH at 1 year of age and that from blood on dried filter paper TSH at 5 days of age. We concluded that dioxin intake from breast milk in Japanese infants did not impair thyroid function. However, long-term effects remain to be evaluated. 相似文献
78.
PCDDs and PCDFs in vehicle exhaust particles in Japan. 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Vehicle exhaust particles from gasoline and diesel engine cars were analyzed for PCDDs and PCDFs. The congener patterns of PCDDs and PCDFs in exhaust particles were different between gasoline and diesel engine cars. Suspended particulate matter from electrostatic precipitator connected to a highway tunnel was also analyzed for PCDDs and PCDFs. The congener pattern of suspended particular matter was different from both of gasoline and diesel engine cars. Total amounts of PCDDs/PCDFs sum concentrations in gasoline, diesel and suspended particulate matter were 0.21, 0.87 and 26.0 ng/g, respectively. The I-TEQs levels in gasoline, diesel and suspended particulate matter were 4.2, 11 and 242 pg/g, respectively. 相似文献
79.
Yoshikane M Kay WR Shibata Y Inoue M Yanai T Kamata R Edmonds JS Morita M 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2006,8(6):649-661
Organochlorine pesticide concentrations, particularly those of the DDT family and of toxaphene, were measured by gas chromatography in samples of liver and body fat taken from Australian freshwater crocodiles Crocodylus johnstoni at three locations along the Ord River in Western Australia. The three sampling sites were the irrigation area, downstream of the irrigation area, and well upstream of the irrigation area; the last site serving as the control. DDT and toxaphene were applied in large and known quantities to cotton grown in the Ord Irrigation Area from 1964 to 1974. Thus the residues in the crocodile tissues are representative of the situation almost thirty years after the use of DDT and toxaphene ceased in the area. Very high concentrations of p,p'-DDE and toxaphene were found in the lipid-rich tissues that were examined. Livers and body fat from estuarine crocodiles Crocodylus porosus from the downstream site were also analysed. As p,p'-DDE and toxaphene are both known to be disruptive of endocrine systems, a range of blood parameters, including estradiol and testesterone concentrations, were also measured for all the animals studied. The ovaries and testes of the freshwater crocodiles were also examined histologically. There were no obvious effects on blood chemistry or gonad histology of the large burden of pesticides and their metabolites carried by exposed animals, although the limited number of samples and the variability of the breeding state of the animals examined may have masked possible effects. The isolation of the area, the accurately known applications of DDT and toxaphene, and the simplicity of the drainage system make the lower Ord River a unique natural laboratory for studying the long term breakdown and effects of pesticides applied in a tropical environment. 相似文献
80.
Ken’ichi Matsumoto Kanako Morita Dimitrios Mavrakis Popi Konidari 《International Journal of Green Energy》2017,14(8):724-736
In Japan, the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) and the Feed-in-Tariff (FIT) have been used for the exploitation of renewable energy sources (RES). Although these are significant to enhance the use of RES, the RES penetration is not reaching the expected percentage. The identification of their strengths/weaknesses will allow their improvement for achieving the target. This paper concerned the evaluation of RPS and FIT using a multi-criteria evaluation method. First, official data/information were used to assess their performance using the method. Second, national experts were asked about their performance to verify the outcomes. We found FIT was more effective than RPS. 相似文献