氟化钠与强致突变物联合诱致的高等植物细胞微核效应

氟化钠在与强致突变物的联合实验中均发生较强的颉颃(减毒)作用,例如非常显著地抑制由平阳霉素(染色体断裂剂)或秋水仙素(有丝分裂毒素)诱致的微核效应(F＇相似文献   

久效磷对扁藻的生理效应

运用急性毒性实验和生化分析方法对久效磷胁迫下扁藻细胞的生理变化进行了研究，结果表明：（１）久效磷对扁藻生长有较强的抑制作用。其７２ｈ半抑制剂量为１．４６ｍｇ／Ｌ；（２）久效磷胁迫下，扁藻细胞的３种大分子物质－－蛋白质、ＤＮＡ和ＲＮＡ的含量降低；（２）久效磷引起扁藻叶绿素ａ的降解和光合速率的下降，这说明久效磷处理抑制了扁藻的生理代谢。     

小南湖水体中铜锰锌镉的迁移和积累特性

以杭州西湖的子湖（小南湖）的水生生态环境为研究对象，同步分析了水和底泥中重金属的形态分布，以及软体动物和水生植物的重金属的含量，揭示了Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ的积累、迁移和转化规律，结果表明：（１）水相中Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ主要以溶解态存在，Ｍｎ主要以颗粒态Ｉ存在；底泥中，Ｃｕ主要以有机结合态，Ｍｎ以铁锰氧化结合态，Ｃｄ以碳酸盐态、Ｚｎ以铁锰氧化结合态存在，在水和底泥中，重金属总量次序分别为：Ｚｎ〉Ｍｎ〉Ｃｕ     

乐安江沉积物对重金属的吸附模式研究──表面络合模式在天然沉积物研究中的应用

应用表面络合理论及其研究方法对乐安江沉积物的表面特征及对重金属的吸附特性进行了研究．进行了乐安江沉积物样品的表面电位滴定实验及样品对重金属Ｃｕ、Ｃｄ的吸附实验．应用图解法及ＦＩＴＥＱＬ优化程序确定了表面络合模式中的相应参数，并对模式的预测能力进行了检验．研究了３种表面络合模式即恒定容量模式，扩散层模式和三层模式的拟合应用情况．结果表明，３种表面络合模式均能较好地描述天然沉积物的吸附过程，但哪种模式从化学原理上看更正确尚不能证明．从模式计算的难易程度分析，扩散层模式有一定优势．模式应用中应特别强调的是模式参数间的相关性和一致性．     

污染水体重金属形态分布的化学平衡模式

研究了湘江霞湾江段重金属污染区内镉、铅和铜的形态分布化学平衡模式,该模式体系包括12种金属和12种配体,涉及134个络合反应、42个沉淀反应和2个混合固体沉淀、5个氧化-还原反应、3种金属在颗粒物上的吸附反应。模拟研究了重金属沉淀的边界和区域,实验测定了该江段河水与重金属的络合容量和络合物的条件稳定常数作为有机配体的计算参数,考察了该江段悬浮沉积物对重金属吸附的表面络合常数作为吸附反应的输入参数。计算得到了该江段不同站位镉、铅和铜的形态分布,其结果与形态分析实测和水质分析结果基本一致。     

Strontium/calcium ratio analysis of molluscan shells in Singapore waters using the X-ray fluorescence technique

The Sr/Ca ratios in molluscan shells in Singapore waters were measured using the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique. Our results show that the Sr/Ca ratio varies greatly among different species. However, within the same species, this ratio is practically the same for samples collected from sites close together but varies significantly for samples from sites far apart. Furthermore, this study shows that whole shell analysis using the XRF technique is simple and quick and that its application to environmental monitoring seems feasible.     

废水治理工程验收监测的若干问题

针对废水治理工程验收监测存在的问题，提出了制定监测方案，建立企业污染设施管理制度和验收监测与污染监督监测相结合等具体解决问题的办法，确立为企业服务的思想。     

深层灰岩裂隙含水层的微生物种群特征及多样性分析

淄博深层灰岩裂隙含水层遭受石油污染已有30年,含水层中微生物降解对污染物的去除起到重要的作用,目前有关深层灰岩裂隙含水层中微生物群落结构和多样性的相关研究较少。本文采用高通量测序技术对研究区灰岩岩溶裂隙介质表面及地下水中的微生物种群结构进行了研究,对石油降解菌的种群特征及多样性进行了探讨,并利用RDA对典型石油降解菌与理化因子的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,含水层中的菌群主要属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和子囊菌门(Ascomycota),且地下水比灰岩岩溶裂隙介质表面呈现出更高的生物多样性;含水层中石油降解细菌主要属于脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)、类诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)、假黄色单胞菌属(Pseudoxanthomonas)等,石油降解真菌主要来自煤炱目(Capnodiales)、座囊菌目(Dothideales)、银耳目(Tremellales)中的菌种;地下水中的石油降解细菌、真菌与总石油烃(TPH)、全磷(TP)和全氮(TN)的相关性比灰岩岩溶裂隙介质更高。     

Vehicular emissions in China in 2006 and 2010

Vehicular emissions in China in 2006 and 2010 were calculated at a high spatial resolution based on the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, by taking the emission standards into consideration. China's vehicular emissions of carbon monoxide(CO),nitrogen oxides(NO_x), volatile organic compounds(VOCs), ammonia(NH_3), fine particulate matters(PM_(2.5)), inhalable particulate matters(PM_(10)), black carbon(BC), and organic carbon(OC) were 30,113.9, 4593.7, 6838.0, 20.9, 400.2, 430.5, 285.6, and 105.1 Gg, respectively, in 2006 and 34,175.2, 5167.5, 7029.4, 74.0, 386.4, 417.1, 270.9, and 106.2 Gg, respectively, in 2010. CO,VOCs, and NH_3 emissions were mainly from motorcycles and light-duty gasoline vehicles,whereas NO_X, PM_(2.5), PM_(10), and BC emissions were mainly from rural vehicles and heavyduty diesel trucks. OC emissions were mainly from motorcycles and heavy-duty diesel trucks. Vehicles of pre-China Ⅰ(vehicular emission standard of China before phase Ⅰ) and China Ⅰ(vehicular emission standard of China in phase Ⅰ) were the primary contributors to all of the pollutant emissions except NH_3, which was mainly from China Ⅲ and China Ⅳ gasoline vehicles. The total emissions of all the pollutants except NH_3 changed little from2006 to 2010. This finding can be attributed to the implementation of strict emission standards and to improvements in oil quality.     

A novel bioremediation strategy for petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants using salt tolerant Corynebacterium variabile HRJ4 and biochar

The present work aimed to develop a novel strategy to bioremediate the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in the environment. Salt tolerant bacterium was isolated from Dagang oilfield, China and identified as Corynebacterium variabile HRJ4 based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The bacterium had a high salt tolerant capability and biochar was developed as carrier for the bacterium. The bacteria with biochar were most effective in degradation of n-alkanes (C16, C18, C19, C26, C28) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NAP, PYR) mixture. The result demonstrated that immobilization of C. variabile HRJ4 with biochar showed higher degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (THPs) up to 78.9% after 7-day of incubation as compared to the free leaving bacteria. The approach of this study will be helpful in clean-up of petroleum-contamination in the environments through bioremediation process using eco-friendly and cost effective materials like biochar.