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31.
Sergey Venevsky 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2006,11(1):241-268
The conceptual scheme of integrated assessment of vulnerability to climate change in Siberian forests is elaborated and applied
to the extensive area in Siberia covered by Larch forests. Forest stakeholders on the provincial level are identified to be
the most relevant for an integrated impact assessment. Organisation of the assessment study as a combination of
'top-down' and 'bottom-up' approaches is suggested. Major biophysical vulnerability indexes and regional syndromes are identified
as the growing stock and current increment averaged by administrative unit. Models and data suitability and quality for an
analysis of biophysical vulnerability in conditions of climate change are studied for Siberian forests and future development
trends are identified. An application of the elaborated conceptual scheme, which employs two models of different type and
forest inventory data, is presented for the Larch area. 相似文献
32.
Kalashnikov Valeriy Zaitsev Aleksandr Atroschenko Mihail Miroshnikov Sergey Frolov Alexey Zavyalov Oleg 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(24):24620-24629
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Elemental status of 214 mares aged 3–7 years from 11 breeds was studied: Arabian purebred (n = 20), Bashkir (n = 20), Kabarda (n = 20), Vyatka... 相似文献
33.
Kuyukina MS Ivshina IB Makarov SO Litvinenko LV Cunningham CJ Philp JC 《Environment international》2005,31(2):155-161
Microbially produced biosurfactants were studied to enhance crude oil desorption and mobilization in model soil column systems. The ability of biosurfactants from Rhodococcus ruber to remove the oil from the soil core was 1.4-2.3 times greater than that of a synthetic surfactant of suitable properties, Tween 60. Biosurfactant-enhanced oil mobilization was temperature-related, and it was slower at 15 degrees C than at 22-28 degrees C. Mathematical modelling using a one-dimensional filtration model was applied to simulate the process of oil penetration through a soil column in the presence of (bio)surfactants. A strong positive correlation (R(2)=0.99) was found between surfactant penetration through oil-contaminated soil and oil removal activity. Biosurfactant was less adsorbed to soil components than synthetic surfactant, thus rapidly penetrating through the soil column and effectively removing 65-82% of crude oil. Chemical analysis showed that crude oil removed by biosurfactant contained a lower proportion of high-molecular-weight paraffins and asphaltenes, the most nonbiodegradable compounds, compared to initial oil composition. This result suggests that oil mobilized by biosurfactants could be easily biodegraded by soil bacteria. Rhodococcus biosurfactants can be used for in situ remediation of oil-contaminated soils. 相似文献
34.
Dorothe Ehrich Niels M. Schmidt Gilles Gauthier Ray Alisauskas Anders Angerbjrn Karin Clark Frauke Ecke Nina E. Eide Erik Framstad Jay Frandsen Alastair Franke Olivier Gilg Marie-Andre Giroux Heikki Henttonen Birger Hrnfeldt Rolf A. Ims Gennadiy D. Kataev Sergey P. Kharitonov Siw T. Killengreen Charles J. Krebs Richard B. Lanctot Nicolas Lecomte Irina E. Menyushina Douglas W. Morris Guy Morrisson Lauri Oksanen Tarja Oksanen Johan Olofsson Ivan G. Pokrovsky Igor Yu. Popov Donald Reid James D. Roth Sarah T. Saalfeld Gustaf Samelius Benoit Sittler Sergey M. Sleptsov Paul A. Smith Aleksandr A. Sokolov Natalya A. Sokolova Mikhail Y. Soloviev Diana V. Solovyeva 《Ambio》2020,49(3):786-800
Lemmings are a key component of tundra food webs and changes in their dynamics can affect the whole ecosystem. We present a comprehensive overview of lemming monitoring and research activities, and assess recent trends in lemming abundance across the circumpolar Arctic. Since 2000, lemmings have been monitored at 49 sites of which 38 are still active. The sites were not evenly distributed with notably Russia and high Arctic Canada underrepresented. Abundance was monitored at all sites, but methods and levels of precision varied greatly. Other important attributes such as health, genetic diversity and potential drivers of population change, were often not monitored. There was no evidence that lemming populations were decreasing in general, although a negative trend was detected for low arctic populations sympatric with voles. To keep the pace of arctic change, we recommend maintaining long-term programmes while harmonizing methods, improving spatial coverage and integrating an ecosystem perspective. 相似文献
35.
Alastair Franke Knud Falk Kevin Hawkshaw Skip Ambrose David L. Anderson Peter J. Bente Travis Booms Kurt K. Burnham Suzanne Carrire Johan Ekenstedt Ivan Fufachev Sergey Ganusevich Kenneth Johansen Jeff A. Johnson Sergey Kharitonov Pertti Koskimies Olga Kulikova Peter Lindberg Berth-Ove Lindstrm William G. Mattox Carol L. McIntyre Svetlana Mechnikova Dave Mossop Sren Mller lafur K. Nielsen Tuomo Ollila Arve stlyngen Ivan Pokrovsky Kim Poole Marco Restani Bryce W. Robinson Robert Rosenfield Aleksandr Sokolov Vasiliy Sokolov Ted Swem Katrin Vorkamp 《Ambio》2020,49(3):784-785
While collating contributions and comments from 36 researchers, the coordinating authors accidentally omitted Dr. Suzanne Carrière from the list of contributing co-authors. Dr. Carrière’s data are described in Tables 1 and 3, Figure 2 and several places in the narrative. The new author list is thus updated in this article. 相似文献
36.
Tran B. Nguyen Adam P. Bateman David L. Bones Sergey A. Nizkorodov Julia Laskin Alexander Laskin 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(8):1032-1042
The chemical composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) generated from the ozonolysis of isoprene (C5H8) in the presence of an OH scavenger was examined using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in the mass range m/z = 50–1000. The chemical composition of SOA is complex, with more than 1000 assigned peaks observed in the positive and negative ion mode spectra. Only a small fraction of peaks correspond to known products of isoprene oxidation, such as pyruvic acid, glycolic acid, methylglyoxal, etc. The absolute majority of the detected peaks correspond to highly oxidized oligomeric constituents of SOA, with an average O:C molar ratio of 0.6. The corresponding organic mass (OM) to organic oxygen (OO) ratio is 2.4. Approximately 8% of oxygen atoms in SOA are in the form of peroxides, as quantified with an iodide test. Double bond equivalency (DBE) factors, representing the sum of all double bonds and rings, increase by 1 for every 1–2 additional carbon atoms in the molecule. The number of unoxidized CC double bonds is estimated to be less than 10%; the remaining DBE is due to CO carbonyl groups. Kendrick analysis suggests that the prevalent oligomer building blocks are small carbonyls with a C1–C2 skeleton. Formaldehyde (CH2O) is identified as the most common repetitive building block in the observed oligomeric compounds. 相似文献
37.
38.
Ruth Offermann Thilo Seidenberger Daniela Thrän Martin Kaltschmitt Sergey Zinoviev Stanislav Miertus 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2011,16(1):103-115
So far, various studies assessed global biomass potentials and came up with widely varying results. Existing potential estimates
range from 0 EJ/a up to more than 1,550 EJ/a which corresponds to about three times the current global primary energy consumption.
This paper provides an overview of the available research on bioenergy potentials and reviews the different assessments qualitative
way with the objective to interpret previous research in an integrated way. In the context of this paper we understand bioenergy
as energy from biomass sources including energy crops, residues, byproducts and wastes from agriculture, forestry, food production
and waste management. In this review special attention was paid to the difference between residue and energy potentials, land
availability estimates, and the geographical resolution of existing potential estimates. The majority of studies concentrate
on energy crop potentials retrieved from surplus agricultural land and only few publications assess global potentials separated
by different world regions. It results that land allocated to the exclusive production of energy crops varies from 0 to 7,000 ha,
depending on land category and scenario assumptions. Only a small number of available potential assessments consider residue
potentials as well as energy crop potentials from degraded land. Future energy crop potentials are assumed to vary in the
mean from 200 to 600 EJ/yr. In contrast residue potentials are expected to contribute between 62 and 325 EJ/yr. The highest
potentials are assigned to Asia, Africa and South America while Europe, North America and the Pacific region contribute minor
parts to the global potential. 相似文献
39.
Kaluzhnaya OV Belikov SI Schröder HC Rothenberger M Zapf S Kaandorp JA Borejko A Müller IM Müller WE 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2005,92(3):128-133
In ancient Lake Baikal (East Siberia), freshwater sponges have diversified to an extraordinary degree. The skeleton of Lubomirskia baicalensis, which attains a size of up to 1 m, is constructed from spicules, which are cemented into longitudinal bundles. Our X-ray analysis revealed that the architecture of the specimens follows a highly ordered radiate accretive growth pattern. The spicules have a central axial canal with an axial filament inside. This organic filament is composed of silicatein, the major enzyme involved in silica formation of the spicules. We found that the specific activity of silicatein in samples from the non-growing (basal) zone is much lower than in those from the growth zone (tips) and that even the composition of this molecule differs in these regions. The present study shows for the first time that the turnover of silicatein, the major element of the axial canal of sponge spicules, changes within a sponge specimen depending on the region in which it is found. 相似文献
40.
Sergey A. Smirnov J. Rafael Pacheco Roberto Verzicco 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2008,8(5-6):535-541
The stability of stratified rotating flows is investigated by means of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations in axisymmetric cylindrical and annular containers with both horizontal and sloping bottoms. The baroclinic current is initiated via incremental spin-up/down of a linearly stratified fluid by an abrupt change in the rotation rate of the system. Particular attention is given to the non-linear flow regime (finite Rossby numbers). It is found that axisymmetric spin-up current loses its azimuthal symmetry when the Burger number drops below unity, and breaks into a system of large-scale cyclonic and anticyclonic vortices with predominantly vertical axis of rotation. Eddies always develop at the density fronts formed by the corner regions adjacent to the sidewalls of the container. It is shown that the stability of the spin-up flow is largely affected by the bottom slope and the structure of the bottom boundary layer. 相似文献