全文获取类型
收费全文 | 20601篇 |
免费 | 234篇 |
国内免费 | 121篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 520篇 |
废物处理 | 888篇 |
环保管理 | 2758篇 |
综合类 | 3392篇 |
基础理论 | 5813篇 |
环境理论 | 10篇 |
污染及防治 | 5304篇 |
评价与监测 | 1278篇 |
社会与环境 | 861篇 |
灾害及防治 | 132篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 136篇 |
2019年 | 127篇 |
2018年 | 234篇 |
2017年 | 251篇 |
2016年 | 401篇 |
2015年 | 306篇 |
2014年 | 467篇 |
2013年 | 1598篇 |
2012年 | 573篇 |
2011年 | 816篇 |
2010年 | 666篇 |
2009年 | 661篇 |
2008年 | 830篇 |
2007年 | 863篇 |
2006年 | 765篇 |
2005年 | 662篇 |
2004年 | 647篇 |
2003年 | 628篇 |
2002年 | 610篇 |
2001年 | 763篇 |
2000年 | 574篇 |
1999年 | 325篇 |
1998年 | 261篇 |
1997年 | 278篇 |
1996年 | 279篇 |
1995年 | 331篇 |
1994年 | 302篇 |
1993年 | 284篇 |
1992年 | 277篇 |
1991年 | 278篇 |
1990年 | 294篇 |
1989年 | 277篇 |
1988年 | 249篇 |
1987年 | 240篇 |
1986年 | 222篇 |
1985年 | 200篇 |
1984年 | 255篇 |
1983年 | 210篇 |
1982年 | 271篇 |
1981年 | 219篇 |
1980年 | 184篇 |
1979年 | 201篇 |
1978年 | 184篇 |
1977年 | 153篇 |
1976年 | 138篇 |
1975年 | 143篇 |
1974年 | 159篇 |
1973年 | 162篇 |
1972年 | 148篇 |
1971年 | 147篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
281.
Ryden JC Whitehead DC Lockyer DR Thompson RB Skinner JH Garwood EA 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1987,48(3):173-184
Emissions of ammonia were measured from livestock excreta and fertilisers applied to grass swards, from grazed paddocks, from decomposing grass herbage and from an animal house containing dairy cows. Emissions from urine, dung, slurry and fertilisers were determined using a system of wind tunnels with each tunnel covering an area of 1 m(2). Emissions from grazed swards were determined using a micrometeorological mass balance method. From the results of these measurements, together with other published information, an inventory for ammonia emissions has been calculated for grassland and livestock production systems over the UK as a whole. It is estimated that emissions from grassland and cattle and sheep production amount to about 230 kt NH(3)-N annually, while emissions from pig and poultry production amount to about 40 kt and 80 kt NH(3)-N, respectively. 相似文献
282.
Misaelides P Sikalidis C Tsitouridou R Alexiades C 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1987,47(1):1-8
The distribution of the fission products (95)Zr, (95)Nb, (103)Ru, (106)Ru (determined through (106)Rh), (125)Sb, (129m)Te, (134)Cs, (137)Cs, (140)Ba, (140)La, (141)Ce and (144)Ce has been determined in dust samples from the region of Thessaloniki, Greece, after the nuclear accident at Chernobyl. The samples studied also included (110m)Ag, not belonging to the products of (235)U fission. Samples showing higher concentrations of radionuclides also show a higher content in clay minerals, whereas samples having low concentrations of radionuclides usually contain large amounts of quartz and feldspars. Desorption and leaching experiments using solutions of chlorides of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium (0.5 N), as well as distilled and tap water, were also performed. Sodium and potassium chloride solutions were found to be efficient in desorbing and/or leaching of caesium and ruthenium isotopes to an extent of about 30%. 相似文献
283.
Zinc adsorption equilibria were measured in soils differing in pH but with similar textures and total zinc concentrations, using adsorption isotherm and isotopic exchange techniques. The results suggested that the equilibrium between solution and exchangeable zinc was strongly pH dependent and the active zinc species in adsorption was single charged (e.g. Zn(OH)(+)). The size of the exchangeable zinc pool was not strongly pH dependent. Similar results were obtained when zinc was added to the soils, either as Zn(NO(3))(2) or in sewage sludge. 相似文献
284.
The impact of distillery effluent in various concentrations (1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) on the seed germination, Speed of Germination Index, growth behaviour, leaf area, biomass, net primary productivity, pigment content, reproductive capacity, seed output, seed weight, seed density and the seed protein content of Cicer arietinum L. plants was investigated. The percentage and speed of germination of seeds were increasingly retarded with increase in effluent concentration and at 100% concentration there was no germination. The seedlings exhibited maximum shoot length at 5% concentration and maximum root length at 2.5% concentration. The values of root and shoot lengths, leaf area, biomass, net primary productivity, pigment content, reproductive capacity, seed output, seed weight, seed density and seed protein content in pot plants exhibited a gradual increase from the control up to 5% concentration and decreases at higher concentrations. The very high BOD load and the presence of excessive concentrations of soluble salts could be responsible for the toxicity of the effluent. The effluent at up to 5% concentration was, however, beneficial for the overall growth parameters studied and can thus be used as a liquid fertilizer. 相似文献
285.
Degradation of three phenylurea herbicides (chlortoluron, isoproturon and diuron) by micromycetes isolated from soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
As part of a study conducted on the fate of xenobiotics in the environment, a selection of 100 strains of micromycetes (Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Yeasts) have been cultivated in liquid synthetic medium with 3 phenylurea herbicides: chlortoluron and isoproturon (100mg L-1) and diuron (20mg L-1). While 17 strains depleted isoproturon over 50% only 4 depleted diuron and 2 chlortoluron at the same level. The best results were obtained with Bjerkandera adusta and Oxysporus sp which were the most efficient towards the 3 substrates. After 2 weeks Bjerkandera adusta depleted chlortoluron 98%, diuron 92% and isoproturon 88%. 相似文献
286.
Nitrogen oxides from waste incineration: control by selective non-catalytic reduction 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
An experimental study of the selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) process was carried out to determine the efficiency of NOx removal and NH3 mass balance, the NOx reducing reagent used. Experimental tests were conducted on a full-scale SNCR system installed in a hospital waste incineration plant. Anhydrous NH3 was injected at the boiler entrance for NOx removal. Ammonia was analyzed after each flue-gas treatment unit in order to establish its mass balance and NH3 slip in the stack gas was monitored as well. The effective fraction of NH3 for the thermal NOx reduction was calculated from measured values of injected and residual NH3. Results show that a NOx reduction efficiency in the range of 46.7-76.7% is possible at a NH3/NO molar ratio of 0.9-1.5. The fraction of NH3 used in NOx removal was found to decrease with rising NH3/NO molar ratio. The NH3 slip in the stack gas was very low, below permitted limits, even at the higher NH3 dosages used. No direct correlation was found between the NH3/NO molar ratio and the NH3 slip in the stack gas since the major part of the residual NH3 was converted into ammonium salts in the dry scrubbing reactor and subsequently collected in the fabric filter. Moreover, another fraction of NH3 was dissolved in the scrubbing liquor. 相似文献
287.
Marhuenda-Egea FC Martínez-Sabater E Jordá J Moral R Bustamante MA Paredes C Pérez-Murcia MD 《Chemosphere》2007,68(2):301-309
The aim of the present paper is to assess the maturity degree reached by different samples of several mixtures from winery and distillery residues composted using the Rutgers composting system, by means of excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. The composts were sampled once a week for about 200d. EEM spectra indicate the presence of different fluorophores. The fluorescence intensities of these peaks show trends related to the maturity of the composting samples selected. The "contour density" of EEM maps is strongly modified through time. We have used the quantitative method of fluorescence regional integration (FRI). The EEMs were delineated into five excitation-emission regions. The degree of compost maturity could be correlated with the percentage of the volumetric integration under the EEM within each region. Further refinement of these techniques should provide a relatively rapid method for assessing the suitability of the compost to soil application. 相似文献
288.
Larisse Montero Matthew Duane Urbano Manfredi Covadonga Astorga Giorgio Martini Massimo Carriero Alois Krasenbrink B.R. Larsen 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(18):2167-2175
The present paper presents results from the analysis of 29 individual C2–C9 hydrocarbons (HCs) specified in the European Commission Ozone Directive. The 29 HCs are measured in exhaust from common, contemporary vehicle/engine/fuel technologies for which very little or no data is available in the literature. The obtained HC emission fingerprints are compared with fingerprints deriving from technologies that are being phased out in Europe. Based on the total of 138 emission tests, thirteen type-specific fingerprints are extracted (Mean ± SD percentage contributions from individual HCs to the total mass of the 29 HCs), essential for receptor modelling source apportionment. The different types represent exhaust from Euro3 and Euro4 light-duty (LD) diesel and petrol-vehicles, Euro3 heavy-duty (HD) diesel exhaust, and exhaust from 2-stroke preEuro, Euro1 and Euro2 mopeds. The fuels comprise liquefied petroleum gas, petrol/ethanol blends (0–85% ethanol), and mineral diesel in various blends (0–100%) with fatty acid methyl esters, rapeseed methyl esters palm oil methyl esters, soybean oil methyl or sunflower oil methyl esters. Type-specific tracer compounds (markers) are identified for the various vehicle/engine/fuel technologies.An important finding is an insignificant effect on the HC fingerprints of varying the test driving cycle, indicating that combining HC fingerprints from different emission studies for receptor modelling purposes would be a robust approach.The obtained results are discussed in the context of atmospheric ozone formation and health implications from emissions (mg km?1 for LD and mopeds and mg kW h?1 for HD, all normalised to fuel consumption: mg dm?3 fuel) of the harmful HCs, benzene and 1,3-butadiene.Another important finding is a strong linear correlation of the regulated “total” hydrocarbon emissions (tot-HC) with the ozone formation potential of the 29 HCs (ΣPO3 = (1.66 ± 0.04) × tot-RH; r2 = 0.93). Tot-HC is routinely monitored in emission control laboratories, whereas C2–C9 are not. The revealed strong correlations broadens the usability of data from vehicle emission control laboratories and facilitates the comparison of the ozone formation potential of HCs in exhaust from of old and new vehicle/engine/fuel technologies. 相似文献
289.
The formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), including both nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) and carbonaceous disinfection by-products (C-DBPs), was investigated upon chlorination of water samples following two treatment processes: (i) coagulation-inclined plate sedimentation (IPS)-filtration and (ii) coagulation-dissolved air flotation (DAF)-filtration. The removal of algae, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and UV254 by coagulation-DAF-filtration was superior to coagulation-IPS-filtration. On average, 53%, 53% and 31% of DOC, DON and UV254 were removed by coagulation-DAF-filtration process, which were higher than 47%, 31% and 27% of that by coagulation-IPS-filtration process. Additionally, coagulation-IPS-filtration performed less well at removing the low molecular weight organics than coagulation-DAF-filtration process. The concentrations of chloroform, dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm) and dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) formed during chlorination after coagulation-DAF-filtration reached their maximum values of 13, 1.5 and 4.7 μg L−1, respectively, and were lower than those after coagulation-IPS-filtration with the maximum detected levels of 17, 2.9 and 6.3 μg L−1. However, the trichloronitromethane (TCNM) concentration after the two processes was similar, suggesting that DON may have less of a contribution to TCNM formation than DCAcAm and DCAN. 相似文献
290.
Thomas J. Kulle Larry R. Sauder J. Richard Hebel Donald J. Green Marie D. Chatham 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(8):919-924
Industrial, commercial, and domestic levels of formaldehyde exposure range from <0.1 to >5.0 ppm. Irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory tract predominate, and bronchoconstriction is described in case reports. However, pulmonary function and irritant symptoms together have not been assessed over a range of HCHO concentrations in a controlled environment. We investigated dose response in both symptoms and pulmonary function associated with 3-h exposures to 0.0-3.0 ppm HCHO in a controlled environmental chamber. Ten subjects were randomly exposed to 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 ppm HCHO at rest plus 2.0 ppm HCHO with exercise and nine additional subjects were randomly exposed to 0.0,1.0,2.0, and 3.0 ppm HCHO at rest plus 2.0 ppm HCHO with exercise. Significant dose-response relationships in odor and eye irritation were observed (p < 0.05). Nasal flow resistance was increased at 3.0 ppm (p < 0.01), but not at 2.0 ppm HCHO. There were no significant decrements in pulmonary function (FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75%, SGaw) or increases in bronchial reactivity to methacholine (log PD35SGaw) with exposure to 0.5-3.0 ppm HCHO at rest or to 2.0 ppm HCHO with exercise. 相似文献