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121.
122.
Izabela Polowczyk Anna Bastrzyk Tomasz Koźlecki Wojciech Sawiński Piotr Rudnicki Adam Sokołowski Zygmunt Sadowski 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(4):361-366
The aim of this work is to investigate the application of fly ash adsorbent for removal of arsenite ions from dilute solution
(100–1,000 ppm). Experiments were carried out using material from the “Turów” (Poland) brown-coal-burning power plant, which
was wetted, then mixed and tumbled in a granulator to form spherical agglomerates. Measurements of arsenic adsorption from
aqueous solution were carried out at room temperature and natural pH of fly ash agglomerates, in either a shaken flask or
circulating column, to compare two different methods of contacting solution with adsorbent. Adsorption isotherms of arsenic
were determined for agglomerated material using the Freundlich equation. Kinetic studies indicated that sorption follows a
pseudo-second-order model. Preferable method to carry out the process is continuous circulation of arsenite solution through
a column. 相似文献
123.
Hematite (Fe2O3) chemical reduction into FeO and Fe3O4 by releasing O2 at high temperatures is considered one of the generally accepted mechanisms for processing waste minerals and clay into lightweight
aggregate construction materials. In many case studies, this mechanism has not been strictly confirmed. To verify whether
hematite can effectively release O2 at 1,000–1,260°C, a material containing hematite, simulating waste sediments from a Taiwanese reservoir, was shaped into
pellets and fired into lightweight aggregates at high temperatures for 20 min and studied with various techniques. As revealed
by the X-ray absorption near-edge structure technique, almost all the hematite remained as Fe(III) in the pellets when fired
at 1,000–1,260°C, implying a negligible release of O2 leading to the creation of pores. This finding shows that the generally accepted mechanism for lightweight aggregate formation
associated with hematite decomposition into FeO, Fe3O4, and O2 is invalid. Furthermore, Fe(III)-containing composites were formed in the fired pellets. Although firing at 1,000°C can trigger
the decomposition of the components K2CO3, Na2CO3, and CaCO3 with a release of CO2, the sintering reaction was seemingly too weak to encapsulate the gases effectively. For pellets fired at 1,050–1,150°C,
pores grew in size because the sintering reaction sufficed to generate a glassy phase that could better encapsulate gases. 相似文献
124.
Białk-Bielińska A Maszkowska J Mrozik W Bielawska A Kołodziejska M Palavinskas R Stepnowski P Kumirska J 《Chemosphere》2012,86(10):1059-1065
Sulfonamides (SAs) are one of the oldest groups of veterinary chemotherapeutic agents. As these compounds are not completely metabolized in animals, a high proportion of the native form is excreted in feces and urine. They are therefore released either directly to the environment in aquacultures and by grazing animals, or indirectly during the application of manure or slurry. Once released into the environment, SAs become distributed among various environmental compartments and may be transported to surface or ground waters. The physicochemical properties of SAs, dosage and nature of the matrix are the factors mainly responsible for their distribution in the natural environment. Although these rather polar compounds have been in use for over half a century, knowledge of their fate and behavior in soil ecosystems is still limited. Therefore, in this work we have determined the sorption potential of sulfadimethoxine and sulfaguanidine on various natural soils. The influence on sorption of external factors, such as ionic strength and pH, were also determined. The sorption coefficients (Kd) obtained for the sulfonamides investigated were quite low (from 0.20 to 381.17 mL g−1 for sulfadimethoxine and from 0.39 to 35.09 mL g−1 for sulfaguanidine), which indicated that these substances are highly mobile and have the potential to run off into surface waters and/or infiltrate ground water. Moreover, the sorption of these pharmaceuticals was found to be influenced by OC, soil solution pH and ionic strength, with higher Kd values for soils of higher OC and lower Kd values with increasing pH and ionic strength. 相似文献
125.
This article presents a review of the current municipal solid waste (MSW) and domestic waste generation and recovery situation
in Hong Kong and identifies the factors affecting the waste generation rates. The results show that before 1997, MSW and domestic
waste generation rates were driven by population growth and growth in the gross domestic product, with the latter having the
larger effect. But recent waste generation data show poor correlation between waste generation rates and economic and population
figures due to the increase in recycling efforts in the community. The results are also reported of a small-scale survey to
explore the public attitude to waste recovery. The results show that most domestic householders have developed habits to carry
out separation of waste at source for recycling, but the amount of recyclables recovered was low. 相似文献
126.
Dolar D Ignjatić Zokić T Košutić K Ašperger D Mutavdžić Pavlović D 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(4):1033-1042
Background
Emerging contaminants (ECs) are commonly derived from industrial wastewater, which is often a consequence of an inadequate treatment of the latter. Improperly pretreated pharmaceutical wastewater could cause difficulties in operations of wastewater treatment plants while incomplete elimination of ECs during the processing might result in their appearance in drinking water. 相似文献127.
Jeong Huy Ko Yeon-Ho Kwak Kyung-Seun Yoo Jong-Ki Jeon Sung Hoon Park Young-Kwon Park 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2011,13(3):173-179
Experiments were performed in order to investigate the possibility for the development of catalysts for low-temperature selective
catalytic reduction (SCR) using municipal waste char and RDF byproduct. Physical and chemical activations, using water, and
HCl and KOH, were employed to increase the catalytic activities. The characteristics of the activated catalysts were investigated
using N2 adsorption–desorption and FT-IR. The catalysts activated chemically using basic treatment showed higher NO
x
removal efficiencies than those activated physically or chemically using acidic treatment. The de-NO
x
performance of the activated catalysts was dependent on the chemical properties, such as oxygen functional groups as well
as physical properties, such as specific surface area and pore volume. In order to investigate the effect of MnO
x
, which has been reported to be efficient for the removal of NO
x
in low-temperature SCR processes, the chemically activated catalyst was impregnated with manganese. The Mn-impregnated catalyst
had the highest NO
x
conversion at all of the temperatures tested in this study. 相似文献
128.
Choi IH Choi JH Ko SH Moore PA 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2011,46(5):432-435
This study was a pen trial in which the effects of adding different rates of liquid aluminum chloride (AlCl(3)) on litter pH, total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and ammonia (NH(3)) fluxes was evaluated. Liquid AlCl(3) treatments used in this study were sprayed on the rice hull surface at rates of 100 g, 200 g, and 300 g liquid AlCl(3)/kg rice hulls; untreated rice hulls served as controls. Litter pH, total VFAs, and NH(3) fluxes were all lowered (P< 0.05) by all of the liquid AlCl(3) treatments compared with controls during certain times of the 5 week study. However, there were no significant differences among treatments on litter pH at the end of the study (from 3 to 5 weeks) or NH(3) fluxes at beginning of the study (0 to 3 weeks). Total VFAs were reduced 16 %, 29 %, and 53 % by 100 g liquid AlCl(3)/kg rice hulls, 200 g liquid AlCl(3)/kg rice hulls, and 300 g liquid AlCl(3)/kg rice hulls, respectively. Liquid AlCl(3)additions reduced NH(3) fluxes by 35 %, 57 % and 67 %, respectively, at the low, medium and high rates. In summary, these results indicate that adding liquid aluminum chloride to rice hulls would be a useful tool in reducing the negative environmental impact of poultry litter. It should be noted that the decreased VFA production and NH(3) volatilization was chiefly associated with reduction in litter pH. 相似文献
129.
Wimmerová S Lancz K Tihányi J Sovčíková E Kočan A Drobná B Palkovičová L Jurečková D Fabišiková A Conka K Trnovec T 《Chemosphere》2011,82(5):687-691
The aim was to determine half-life of six most abundant PCB congeners in the body of early adolescents. In 304 environmentally exposed children, PCB serum concentration was determined at the age of 8 and 12 years. Half-life was determined for each child assuming exponential decrease or for the whole cohort using multiple regression. Results obtained by both approaches were in agreement. PCB reuptakes corrupting half-life estimates for each child and each congener were evaluated. If one of the serum PCB concentration values fell below the level of detection (LOD) the pair was excluded and if PCB half-life value exceeded the arbitrary value of 30 years. The following median half-lives in years 4.46, 10.59, 9.7, 4.7, 9.1 and 9.8 were obtained for PCB congeners 118, 138+163, 153, 156+171, 170 and 180, respectively. The elimination half-life values were not systematically related to PCB serum concentration at any examination age. Between half-life values, percentage of children with significant reuptakes and PCB congener abundance in serum were found significant associations. 相似文献
130.
Effects on Environment and Agriculture of Geothermal Wastewater and Boron Pollution in Great Menderes Basin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Koç C 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,125(1-3):377-388
Boron toxicity is an important disorder that can be limit plant growth on soils of arid and semi arid environments through
the world. High concentrations of Boron may occur naturally in the soil or in groundwater, or be added to the soil from mining,
fertilizers, or irrigation water. Off all the potential resources, irrigation water is the most important contributor to high
levels of soil boron, boron is often found in high concentrations in association with saline soil and saline well water. Although
of considerable agronomic importance, our understanding of Boron toxicity is rather fragment and limited. In this study, Boron
content of Great Menderes River and Basin was researched. Great Menderes Basin is one of the consequence basins having agricultural
potential, aspect of water and soil resources in Turkey. Great Menderes River, water resource of the basin was to be polluted
by geothermal wastewater and thermal springs including Boron element. Great Menderes Basin has abundant geothermal water resources
which contain high amounts of Boron and these ground water are brought to surface and used for various purposes such as power
generation, heating or thermal spring and than discharged to Great Menderes River. In order to prevent Boron pollution and
hence unproductively in soils, it is necessary not to discharged water with Boron to irrigation water. According to results,
it was obtained that Boron content of River was as high in particular Upper Basin where there was a ground thermal water reservoir.
Boron has been accumulated more than plant requirement in this area irrigated by this water. Boron content of River was relatively
low in rainy months and irrigation season while it was high in dry season. Boron concentration in the River was to decrease
from upstream to downstream. If it is no taken measure presently, about 130,000 ha irrigation areas which was constructed
irrigation scheme in the Great Menderes basin will expose the Boron pollution and salinity. Even though Boron concentration
of river water is under 0.5 ppm limit value, Boron element will store in basin soils, decrease in crop yields, and occur problematic
soils in basin. 相似文献