含变阻抗变压器的110kV系统继电保护研究

随着电力系统不断发展,电网容量日益增大,电网工作时所带负荷也日益增大。高容量、高负荷导致线路发生短路故障时的短路电流剧增,从而对线路和通信设备造成很大危害。 为降低短路电流,分析了含变阻抗变压器的110kV电力系统继电保护可能出现的问题,为提高继电保护的灵敏度,提出了自适应保护的新方法,对变阻抗变压器在空投情况下的励磁涌流识别方法做出了可行性分析。根据仿真结果分析得出,传统的继电保护方法能够适应于含变阻抗变压器的 110kV系统,而自适应保护方法能够提高保护的灵敏度。     

CdS-TiO2复合光催化剂可见光下降解黄连素

采用沉积法制备CdS-TiO2复合光催化剂,利用UV-Vis DRS、XRD等方法对其进行表征,并在可见光下对黄连素废水进行处理,考察了催化剂投加量、黄连素初始浓度、黄连素初始pH值对黄连素去除率的影响.研究结果表明,在常温下制备的CdS-TiO2复合光催化剂,对可见光有较好的响应能力;在催化剂投加量1.5 g.L-1,黄连素初始浓度80 mg.L-1的条件下,催化剂对黄连素的去除效果显著,可达80%以上.pH对反应的影响不大.该催化剂循环使用3次仍具有较高的光催化活性与化学稳定性.     

两相一体式污泥浓缩消化反应器运行效能及其微生物特性

为考察两相一体式污泥浓缩消化反应器(TISTD)的处理效能和影响因素,试验研究了反应器在不同污泥投配率下的运行效能,并通过显微镜、扫描电镜观察污泥中微生物的形态和种类,同时通过厌氧培养和分离,以或然计数法(MPN)确定优势菌株,用16S rDNA测序分析及系统发育分析研究优势菌株.结果表明,在中温条件35℃±2℃下,TISTD反应器最佳污泥投配率为30%,在此投配率下,排泥含水率达到92.1% ,VS/TS0.2~0.25,产气量为40.35L/d;污泥显微镜观察结果显示,有各种形态的变形虫、豆形虫、鞭毛虫和纤毛虫等原生动物,内反应器污泥电镜扫描照片显示包括各种丝状菌、杆状菌、球状菌以及体积较大的菌胶团,污泥中的微生物种群表现出高度的多样性;16S rDNA序列分析及系统发育树分析结果显示,外反应室的优势菌分属芽孢杆菌属,证明外反应室的反应处于产氢产乙酸阶段,是污泥水解酸化的主要场所;内反应室的优势菌分属于甲烷螺菌属,证明内反应室是适合产甲烷菌生长并产气的主要场所,从而实现了污泥同时浓缩消化的生物相分离.     

快速城市化地区生态资产遥感定量评估——以广东省东莞市为例

生态资产是一种重要的国家资源,在快速城市化过程中,各土地利用类型发生明显变化,由此导致具备生态服务意义的生态资产发生明显改变。进行生态资产定量评估为实现区域可持续发展提供重要参考。论文以地理学和生态学理论为基础,基于遥感影像时序资料,构建生态资产定量评估模型,定量分析东莞市近20 a来生态资产时空变化特征。研究结果表明:东莞市自1988年以来生态资产空间分布变化明显,生态资产高低值区域转换频繁;以镇为尺度的研究表明单位面积生态资产呈下降趋势的镇数目增加明显,且主要分布在中部和北部经济快速发展的地区;各镇的人均生态资产下降趋势明显,2006年到达最低值。     

纳米Zn/Al-水滑石对Hela细胞的氧化应激效应

为初步探讨纳米Zn/Al-水滑石对Hela细胞的氧化应激效应,采用不同浓度的纳米Zn/Al-水滑石悬液(0、50、100、200、400、800μg·mL-1)对Hela细胞进行染毒,12h后检测Hela细胞中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量.结果表明,随着纳米Zn/Al-水滑石染毒浓度的升高,Hela细胞SOD活性逐渐降低,较低浓度组(≤100μg·mL-1)与对照组无显著性差异(p>0.05),较高浓度组(≥200μg·mL-1)与对照组存在显著性差异(p<0.01);随着纳米Zn/Al-水滑石染毒浓度的升高,Hela细胞GSH含量也逐渐降低,较低浓度组(≤50μg·mL-1)与对照组无显著性差异(p>0.05),较高浓度组(≥100μg·mL-1)与对照组存在显著性差异(p<0.05或p<0.01);在实验浓度下,Hela细胞SOD活性和GSH含量与纳米Zn/Al-水滑石染毒浓度呈明显的剂量-效应关系.以上结果提示,较高浓度的纳米Zn/Al-水滑石对Hela细胞可产生一定的氧化应激效应,较低浓度的纳米Zn/Al-水滑石则具有一定的生物相容性.     

氨基酸对中华绒螯蟹N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活力的影响

研究了12种氨基酸对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活力的影响.结果表明,在特定浓度范围内,甘氨酸(L-Gly)、缬氨酸(L-Val)、丙氨酸(L-Ala)、苯丙氨酸(L-Phe)、苏氨酸(L-Thr)和丝氨酸(L-Ser)对酶活力没有显著影响,而蛋氨酸(L-Met)、天冬酰胺(L-Gln)、脯氨酸(L-Pro)、精氨酸(L-Arg)、组氨酸(L-His)和赖氨酸(L-Lys)对酶活力有不同程度的抑制作用.L-Pro、L-Arg和L-Lys使酶活力下降50%时抑制剂浓度(IC50)分别为450、20、85 mmolL-1.L-Pro对酶的抑制表现为可逆非竞争性类型,对酶的抑制常数K1为702.87 mmol L-1.L-Arg、L-His和L-Lys对酶的抑制均表现为可逆反竞争性类型,对酶的抑制常数K1S分别为2.19、85.81、10.23 mmol L-1.图9参10     

A general approach to transform a lake model for one radionuclide (radiocesium) to another (radiostrontium) and critical model tests using data for four Ural lakes contaminated by the fallout from the Kyshtym accident in 1957

This paper presents results of a model test carried out within the framework of the COMETES project (EU). The aim of the work was to change the structure of the MOIRA lake model for radiocesium so that it can be applied more generally for, in principle, all types of radionuclides and heavy metals. This general lake model is used within the MOIRA decision support system (DSS; MOIRA and COMETES are acronyms for EU-projects). The model is based on a set of differential equations and a specific modelling structure. It incorporates all important fluxes to, from and within lakes in a general manner. Yet the model is driven by a minimum of variables accessible from standard maps and monitoring programs. The model can be separated into two parts, a general part with equations applicable for all types of water pollutants and a substance-specific part. This model has previously been validated for 137Cs from many lakes covering a wide domain and yielded excellent predictive power. The alterations discussed in this work are meant to be general and radiostrontium is used as a typical element. Radiostrontium is known to be more mobile than radiocesium and all abiotic parts of the model handling fixation and mobility have been altered. The new model for 90Sr has been critically tested using data from four lakes heavily contaminated with 90Sr from the Kyshtym accident in the Southern Urals, Russia, using empirical data from a period from 1958 to 1995 for 90Sr in fish (here goldfish), water and sediments.     

Model testing using data on 131I released from Hanford

The Hanford test scenario described an accidental release of 131I to the environment from the Hanford Purex Chemical Separations Plant in September 1963. Based on monitoring data collected after the release, this scenario was used by the Dose Reconstruction Working Group of BIOMASS to test models typically used in dose reconstructions. The primary exposure pathway in terms of contribution to human doses was ingestion of contaminated milk and vegetables. Predicted mean doses to the thyroid of reference individuals from ingestion of 131I ranged from 0.0001 to 0.8 mSv. For one location, predicted doses to the thyroids of two children with high milk consumption ranged from 0.006 to 2 mSv. The predicted deposition at any given location varied among participants by a factor of 5-80. The exercise provided an opportunity for comparison of assessment methods and conceptual approaches, testing model predictions against measurements, and identifying the most important contributors to uncertainty in the assessment result. Key factors affecting predictions included the approach to handling incomplete data, interpretation of input information, selection of parameter values, adjustment of models for site-specific conditions, and treatment of uncertainties.     

用高纯亚硝酸钠配制标准储备液省略标定过程的探讨

对配制亚硝酸盐氮标准贮备液的两种方法进行简单的介绍、并做标准曲线,对标准样品和水样进行对比实验。结果表明,两种方法做的标准曲线之间无显著性差异,监测结果较为一致。用高纯亚硝酸钠配制标准储备液省略标定过程的方法实际工作中具有参考价值。