国内焦化废水处理技术探讨

针对焦化生产环境污染和资源浪费严重的情况,国家自2005年1月1日起实施<焦化行业准入条件>,要求焦化废水经处理后要做到内部循环使用.焦化废水的处理主要采用一级预处理和二级生化处理.目前国内较先进的焦化废水处理技术有A2/O、固定化高效微生物处理技术(3T-AF/BAF)等.     

再生气氛对CuO/AC脱硫活性的影响

本文考察了不同气氛再生后ＣｕＯ／ＡＣ脱硫剂的二次脱硫活性,并藉借助ＸＲＤ和ＸＰＳ表征技术以及对再生后脱硫剂残硫的分析,探讨了脱硫剂以不同还原剂在不同温度下再生后二次脱硫活性差异的内在原因,结果表明：脱硫剂经Ｈ２再生后二次脱硫活性与初活性相比出现大幅度下降,Ｈ２气氛中添加Ｈ２Ｏ可提高其二次脱硫活性;经ＮＨ３在３００℃再生后二次脱硫活性与初活性相当,两次再生后仍未观察到活性的明显下降,ＮＨ３再生时脱硫     

Bioaugmentation of a 4-chloronitrobenzene contaminated soil with Pseudomonas putida ZWL73

The strain Pseudomonas putida ZWL73, which metabolizes 4-chloronitrobenzene (4CNB) by a partial-reductive pathway, was inoculated into lab-scale 4CNB-contaminated soil for bioaugmentation purposes in this study. The degradation of 4CNB was clearly stimulated, as indicated with the gradual accumulation of ammonium and chloride. Simultaneously, the diversity and quantity of cultivable heterotrophic bacteria decreased due to 4CNB contamination, while the quantity of 4CNB-resistant bacteria increased. During the bioaugmentation, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed the changes of diversity in dominant populations of intrinsic soil microbiota. The results showed that Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria were not distinctly affected, but Actinobacteria were apparently stimulated. In addition, an interesting dynamic within Acidobacteria was observed, as well as an influence on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria population. These combined findings demonstrate that the removal of 4CNB in soils by inoculating strain ZWL73 is feasible, and that specific populations in soils rapidly changed in response to 4CNB contamination and subsequent bioaugmentation.     

BOD微生物传感检测仪中高效微生物膜的研究

为了制备高效微生物膜,从污水中筛选菌种（QT2061）,经BIOLOG鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌。并以聚乙烯醇为包埋剂制作BOD生物传感器微生物膜,通过对国家标准样品及几种典型水样的检测,结果表明,该微生物传感器的响应时间为8 min,可连续稳定测试10 d以上;对国家标准溶液的测试结果准确度较高,相对误差≤5%;对实验中几种水样均有响应,测试结果与5日法的测试结果有良好的相关性（相对偏差≤5%）。     

厌氧颗粒污泥胞外聚合物的影响因素研究

为明确厌氧颗粒污泥胞外聚合物产生的影响机制,通过改变pH、污泥负荷（Ns)和C/N比,研究厌氧颗粒污泥及其上清液的EPS（胞外聚合物）产生量及组分多糖、蛋白质的变化情况,采用红外光谱对比分析了pH、Ns、C/N比对EPS分子结构的影响;结果表明,过酸、过碱和不适当的C/N比不利于厌氧颗粒污泥形态保持和微生物生长,但Ns对厌氧颗粒污泥形态的影响不大。红外光谱分析表明,蛋白质肽键在强酸、强碱条件下均发生了变化,羧基、醇和酚则在强酸条件下(pH 3)消失,C/N比和污泥负荷对EPS的分子结构影响不大。     

己二酸和己二酸钠强化石灰石WFGD的对比研究

在湍球塔设备上进行了己二酸和己二酸钠强化石灰石WFGD的对比研究,考察了2种添加剂对脱硫过程的强化和缓冲作用,分析计算了2种添加剂对石灰石的利用率。实验结果表明,2种添加剂可以在较低浆液pH下维持较高脱硫率,并且2种添加剂均促进了CaCO₃的溶解,在相同条件下己二酸钠有更好的脱硫效果,而己二酸有更好的缓冲作用,且己二酸促进CaCO₃溶解的效果更显著。     

掺杂La3+纳米ZnO的制备及其光催化性能

采用共沉淀法制备了不同La3＋含量的La3＋-ZnO催化剂,采用x射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜等对催化剂的结构、相组成、形貌和粒径进行了表征,比较了不同La3＋含量的La3＋-ZnO催化剂对罗丹明B降解率的影响。实验结果表明,掺杂La3＋导致ZnO粒径减小,比表面积增大,延长了光生电子-空穴对的寿命,提高了ZnO的光量子产率,La3＋-ZnO催化剂的光催化活性比ZnO显著增强。La3＋质量分数为0．8％时,罗丹明B降解率最高,为92．5％。经La3＋质量分数0．8％的La3＋-ZnO催化剂降解后罗丹明B已被完全降解为无机小分子。     

海洋沉积物-水界面营养盐交换过程的研究1

对胶州湾和渤海沉积物分别进行室内培养实验.结果表明,在沉积物中加入营养盐后,铵氮、硅酸盐由沉积物向水体的迁移增大,铵氮的迁移在总溶解态氮的交换中起主要作用,其交换量约占总溶解态氮扩散量的76%,硝酸盐及磷酸盐由水体向沉积物的迁移减弱.在上覆水中加入营养盐后,硝酸盐、磷酸盐由水体向沉积物的迁移增大,硝酸氮的迁移占总溶解态氮交换的主要部分,约为62%.铵由沉积物向水体的迁移减弱,硅酸盐变成由水体向沉积物迁移.沉积物对于上覆水中营养盐的浓度具有一定的调节作用.无论在充空气或充氮气条件下,磷及硅的交换速率变化不明显,铵氮的迁移占总溶解态氮扩散量的98%以上.充氧条件下硝酸盐由沉积物向上覆水的迁移通量较充氮气条件增加.比较两种不同的通量计算方法(积分和拟合),结果表明由两种计算方法计算的交换速率的变化趋势基本是一致的.     

The geostatistic-based spatial distribution variations of soil salts under long-term wastewater irrigation

The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate the spatial changes in soil salinity by using geostatistical methods. The study focused on the suburb area of Beijing, where urban development led to water shortage and accelerated wastewater reuse to farm irrigation for more than 30 years. The data were then processed by GIS using three different interpolation techniques of ordinary kriging (OK), disjunctive kriging (DK), and universal kriging (UK). The normality test and overall trend analysis were applied for each interpolation technique to select the best fitted model for soil parameters. Results showed that OK was suitable for soil sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and Na⁺ interpolation; UK was suitable for soil Cl^? and pH; DK was suitable for soil Ca²⁺. The nugget-to-sill ratio was applied to evaluate the effects of structural and stochastic factors. The maps showed that the areas of non-saline soil and slight salinity soil accounted for 6.39 and 93.61 %, respectively. The spatial distribution and accumulation of soil salt were significantly affected by the irrigation probabilities and drainage situation under long-term wastewater irrigation.     

树皮在大气有机氯农药监测中应用的研究进展

有机氯农药(Organochlorine pesticides,OCPs)曾在全世界被大量使用,即使禁用多年,仍能在各种环境介质中被广泛检出,对生态环境和人体健康存在着潜在的威胁。因此OCPs的环境迁移和归趋一直是该领域的研究热点。树皮是一种天然的被动采样器,能够很好的反映出大气有机物长期的污染程度。本文简要论述了树皮作为被动采样器在大气污染物监测研究中应用的优势,并对OCPs在树皮中的残留浓度、特征及影响其富集的因素进行了探讨,最后特别针对具有手性的OCPs在树皮中的对映体选择性特征进行了评述。