Tropical peat swamp forests (PSF) are characterized by high quantities of carbon (C) stored as organic soil deposits due to waterlogged conditions which slows down decomposition. Globally, Peru has one of the largest expanse of tropical peatlands, located primarily within the Pastaza-Marañón river basin in the Northwestern Peru. Peatland forests in Peru are dominated by a palm species—Mauritia flexuosa, and M. flexuosa-dominated forests cover ~?80% of total peatland area and store ~?2.3 Pg C. However, hydrologic alterations, land cover change, and anthropogenic disturbances could lead to PSF’s degradation and loss of valuable ecosystem services. Therefore, evaluation of degradation impacts on PSF’s structure, biomass, and overall C stocks could provide an estimate of potential C losses into the atmosphere as greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. This study was carried out in three regions within Pastaza-Marañón river basin to quantify PSF’s floristic composition and degradation status and total ecosystem C stocks. There was a tremendous range in C stocks (Mg C ha?1) in various ecosystem pools—vegetation (45.6–122.5), down woody debris (2.1–23.1), litter (2.3–7.8), and soil (top 1 m; 109–594). Mean ecosystem C stocks accounting for the top 1 m soil were 400, 570, and 330 Mg C ha?1 in Itaya, Tigre, and Samiria river basins, respectively. Considering the entire soil depth, mean ecosystem C stocks were 670, 1160, and 330 Mg C ha?1 in Itaya, Tigre, and Samiria river basins, respectively. Floristic composition and calcium to Magnesium (Ca/Mg) ratio of soil profile offered evidence of a site undergoing vegetational succession and transitioning from minerotrophic to ombrotrophic system. Degradation ranged from low to high levels of disturbance with no significant difference between regions. Increased degradation tended to decrease vegetation and forest floor C stocks and was significantly correlated to reduced M. flexuosa biomass C stocks. Long-term studies are needed to understand the linkages between M. flexuosa harvest and palm swamp forest C stocks; however, river dynamics are important natural drivers influencing forest succession and transition in this landscape.
河口湿地是陆海相互作用强烈的重要地球关键带,同时还受到人类活动的强烈影响.黄河三角洲湿地作为年轻的暖温带河口湿地,其微塑料污染状况尚未得到充分研究.因此对黄河三角洲湿地表层沉积物中微塑料的形态、丰度、粒径和成分组成进行了测定,并使用污染负荷指数(PLI)和潜在污染风险指数(PRI)评估了研究区域微塑料污染状况和生态风险.结果表明,黄河三角洲湿地微塑料丰度为20~520 n ·kg-1,中值为150 n ·kg-1.微塑料形貌以纤维和黑色为主,粒径在1 mm以上,成分多为人造丝、聚乙烯、聚酯纤维和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等.湿地中微塑料的PLI值介于0.04~0.96之间,PRI值介于0.00~171.60之间,表明黄河三角洲湿地微塑料污染处于轻微污染和低生态风险水平. 相似文献
Naturally spawned and fertilized eggs of Atlantic halibut,Hippoglossus hippoglossus L., were analysed for protein, free amino acids (FAA), ammonium ions and energy content. The chemical composition was found to be size-dependent but varied little during egg development. Ammonium ions did, however, accumulate during the late embryonic stage, and the trend in FAA content was downward during the same period. Rates of O2 uptake and NH3 excretion followed exponential patterns. A total of 1µmol O2 was consumed and 120 nmol NH3 excreted between the time intervals of fertilization and 1 d post hatch. Derived O:N ratios indicated that the dominant portion of the energy metabolism was lipid- or carbohydrate-based during the mid-development period but switched to FAA as hatch was approached.Correspondence should be addressed to: Zoological Laboratory, University of Bergen, Allégt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway 相似文献