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51.
低磷胁迫下不同水稻品种根系吸收能力差异的生理与遗传本质 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
在低磷(1mg L-1)和适磷水平(10mg L^-1)下,分别以混合培养方式研究了粳稻京系17(Oryza sativa ssp.japonica)(JX17)和粘稻窄叶青8号(Oryza sativa ssp.indica)(ZYQ8)对磷营养的反应。结果表明,低磷胁迫下,JX17较ZYQ8吸收更多磷素,干物重也显著增加。相反,ZYQ8则受到更强的磷胁迫,吸磷量和干物重降低,主要是因为JX17具有较高的吸磷速度,单位根长吸磷量大,即根系高亲和力磷酸盐转运蛋白表达强,最大限度地吸收可能利用的磷素,从而改善植株营养状况,同时又有较多的磷被分配到根系,使根第,根表面积和根干重相应提高,进一步增加了其在低磷胁迫条件下的竞争磷营养的优势。图3表2参17 相似文献
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Adsorption of chloroacetanilide herbicides on homoionic montmorillonite, soil humic acid, and their mixtures was studied by coupling batch equilibration and FT-IR analysis. Adsorption isotherms of acetochlor, alachlor, metolachlor and propachlor on Ca2+-, Mg2+ -. Al3+ -and Fe3+ -saturated clays were well described by the Freundlich equation. Regardless of the type of exchange cations, Kf decreased in the order of metolachlor > acetolachlor > alachlor > propachlor on the same clay. FT-IR spectra showed that the carbonyl group of the herbicide molecule was involved in binding, probably via H-bond with water molecules in the clay interlayer. The type and position of substitutions around the carbonyl group may have affected the electronegativity of oxygen, thus influencing the relative adsorption of these herbicides. For the same herbicide, adsorption on clay increased in the order of Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Al3+ ≤ Fe3+ which coincided with the iucreasing aciditv of homoionic clays. Acidity of cations may have affected the protonation of water, and thus the strength of H-bond between the clay water and herbicide. Complexation of clay and humic acid resulted in less adsorption than that expected from independent adsorption by the individual constituents. The effect varied with herbicides, but the greatest decrease in adsorption occurred at a 60:40 clay-to-humic acid ratio for all the herbicides. Causes for the decreased adsorption need to be characterized to better understand adsorption mechanisms and predict adsorption from soil compositions. 相似文献
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Effects of methyl-CD and humic acid on hydrolytic degradation of the herbicide diclofop-methyl 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hydrolytic degradation of the herbicide diclofop-methyl was investigated in the multi-pH deionized water, natural aquatic systems and soil suspensions. Resulting data indicated that the herbicide was stable in the acidic and neady neutral solutions for at least 15 d. The herbicide diclofop-methyl rapidly dissipated in the natural aquatic systems and soil suspensions with half-lives less than 4 d. Methyl-CD(partially methylated β-cyclodextdn) improved its hydrolytic degradation in the pH 8 deionized water and natural aquatic systems while humic acid inhibited its hydrolytic degradation at the same conditions. But dissolved organic matter in the natural aquatic systems and soil suspensions increased its hydrolysis. Two catalysis mechanisms were introduced to describe the effects of cyclodextrin and organic matter on its hydrolytic metabolism. Though inorganic ions maybe improved its hydrolysis reaction in the natural aquatic systems, Fe^2 and Cu^2 did not form complexes with the herbicide and had poor influences on its hydrolytic degradation whether cyclodextrin was added or not. 相似文献
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对比了基于腔衰减相移光谱技术(CAPS)、化学荧光法(CL)和非相干宽带腔增强吸收光谱技术(IBBCEAS)3种不同方法在线测量NO_2浓度的仪器,并于2017年5月10日—6月10日采用3台仪器对上海中心城区大气环境NO_2进行监测,验证了IBBCEAS实验装置的稳定性、灵敏度、检测下限等关键特性,证明可以实现复杂环境下大气痕量气体高精度在线监测.IBBCEAS装置与其它两种仪器监测数据的一致性较好,监测过程中上海市中心NO_2日浓度变化范围为3~63 ppbv.各仪器测量结果之间的线性关系图表明,3种方式对NO_2浓度监测较为准确,偏差普遍在10 ppbv.根据早晚高峰车流量增加情况分析可以看出,NO_2高浓度污染主要来自于车辆排放.另外发现,受局地污染源的影响,NO_2浓度随时间推移而增加. 相似文献
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聚合氯化铁对浊度和腐殖酸的絮凝特性研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
采用聚合氯化铁(PFC)絮凝剂在不同pH条件下处理高岭土悬浮液和腐殖酸溶液, 测试了絮凝过程中的Zeta电位、浊度和腐殖酸的去除率变化.结果表明:pH=4时, PFC投加量最小, 剩余浊度最大,投加范围最窄;pH=7时次之;pH=10时由于Fe(Ⅲ)离子的正电荷减弱, 电中和能力不强, 而且同时产生Fe(OH)3(s)的吸附作用使得剩余浊度最低, 投加范围最宽, 但投加量很大;在酸性条件下腐殖酸与Fe(Ⅲ)离子最容易发生络合反应;腐殖酸的存在并没有影响PFC的絮凝效果. 相似文献