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11.
Arsenobetaine, two arsenosugars, dimethylarsinate and several unidentified arsenic species were detected in extracts of the haemolymph of the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, by using HPLC-ICP-MS. This is the first report of the presence of arsenosugars in the haemolymph/blood of marine animals. Total, extractable and residual arsenic concentrations were determined by ICP-MS. The concentration of total arsenic was in the range of 1.4-3.8 [micro sign]g ml(-1). Nearly all (98%) the arsenic was found to be extractable, and accounted for primarily by arsenobetaine, two arsenosugars and dimethylarsinate. The results demonstrate that arsenic compounds present in the diet of crabs are not fully metabolized in the gut. They are, at least partly, taken up into the haemolymph. The concurrence of arsenobetaine and arsenosugars suggests that the use of repeated haemolymph sampling in crustaceans could facilitate investigations into the kinetics of the biotransformation pathways of arsenic compounds. Finally, the present study clearly demonstrates the unique capabilities of HPLC-ICP-MS for the detection and identification of minor arsenic components amongst the predominant arsenobetaine. 相似文献
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传统的渗流分析主要考虑饱和区而忽略非饱和区内的渗流,本文基于饱和-非饱和渗流计算原理,采用有限元法考虑了非饱和区渗流的影响,并以各向同性均质坝和心墙土石坝为算例进行计算分析。算例表明,由于基质吸力产生的虹吸作用,使得浸润线上部的非饱和区内也存在着连续的水流,通过分析这种水流的特点,定性地得出其对土石坝渗流稳定性的影响。 相似文献
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Effects of EDTA on solubility of cadmium, zinc, and lead and their uptake by rainbow pink and vetiver grass 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Rainbow pink (Dianthus chinensis), a potential phytoextraction plant, can accumulate high concentrations of Cd from contaminated soils. Vetiver grass (Vetiver zizanioides) has strong and long root tissues and is a potential phytostabilization plant since it can tolerate and grow well in soils contaminated with multiple heavy metals. Soil was moderately artificially contaminated by cadmium (20 mg/kg), zinc (500 mg/kg), and lead (1000 mg/kg) in pot experiments. Three concentrations of Na2-EDTA solution (0, 5, and 10 mmol/kg soil) were added to the contaminated soils to study the influence of EDTA solution on phytoextraction by rainbow pink or phytostabilization by vetiver grass. The results showed that the concentrations of Cd, Zn, and Pb in a soil solution of rainbow pink significantly increased following the addition of EDTA (p < 0.05). The concentrations of Cd and Pb in the shoots of rainbow pink also significantly increased after EDTA solution was applied (p < 0.05), but the increase for Zn was insignificant. EDTA treatment significantly increased the total uptake of Pb in the shoot, over that obtained with the control treatment (p < 0.001), but it did not significantly increase the total uptake of Cd and Zn. The concentrations of Zn and Pb in the shoots of rainbow pink are significantly correlated with those in the soil solution, but no relationship exists with concentrations in vetiver grass. The toxicity of highly contaminating metals did not affect the growth of vetiver grass, which was found to grow very well in this study. Results of this study indicate that rainbow pink can be considered to be a potential phytoextraction plant for removing Cd or Zn from metal-contaminated soils, and that vetiver grass can be regarded as a potential phytostabilization plant that can be grown in a site contaminated with multiple heavy metals. 相似文献
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Song Qiulai Zhu Jie Gong Zhenping Feng Yanjiang Wang Qi Sun Yu Zeng Xiannan Lai Yongcai 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(39):54792-54801
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Inappropriate farm management practices can lead to increased agricultural inputs and changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, impacting... 相似文献
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Shu-Fen Cheng Chi-Ying Lai Sheng-Jie Lin Chin-Yuan Huang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(1):375-382
Air-drying and oven-drying are pretreatment processes often used before testing and analyzing various soil characteristics in the laboratory. This study selected three kinds of soil, including red soil, entisol, and alluvial soil, and examined the variation of the Cr(VI) content and Cr bond forms in these soils during air-drying and oven-drying. The results show that when the soil is air-dried in natural environment, the Cr(VI) content decreases with air-drying time. On day 10 of air-drying, the Cr(VI) content in these soils is 22.8~47.9 % of the initial value. When the soil is oven-dried, the Cr(VI) concentration decays faster; on day 8, the Cr(VI) is no longer detected in these soil samples. When the Cr(VI)-contaminated soil is treated by air-drying and oven-drying, the Cr bond form converts into a more stable form. After oven-drying, the Cr mainly exists in Fe–Mn oxide form, organic bond form, and residual form. The air-drying and oven-drying pretreatment processes of soil reduce the Cr(VI) content and stabilize the Cr bond form. If the laboratory analytic results are applied to risk analysis or remediation strategy planning for chromium-contaminated soil, the toxicity, bioavailability, and mobility of Cr in soil may be underrated. 相似文献
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外源有机酸对小飞扬草(Euphorbia thymifolia L.)修复镉污染土壤的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
植物修复有许多优点,但当用于重金属含量较高的土壤时,通常修复效率较低。研究了添加外源柠檬酸、草酸、苹果酸对镉超积累植物小飞扬草(Euphorbia thymifolia L.)富集Cd的影响,以及3种外源有机酸对土壤pH、Cd形态及小飞扬草根系生理生化特性的影响,探讨利用有机酸强化小飞扬草修复镉污染土壤的可能性及其作用机制。结果表明,土壤Cd含量为247 mg/kg时,种植15 d后,3种有机酸均提高了小飞扬草根和地上部Cd含量,强化效果:草酸>柠檬酸>苹果酸,10 mmol/kg草酸的加入使小飞扬草地上部分Cd含量达最大值77.21 mg/kg,比对照组提高87.72%。加入有机酸使土壤pH从7.65下降至6.01~7.45,BCR三步提取法分析土壤Cd形态结果表明,酸溶态Cd含量增加,残渣态Cd含量减小。加入20 mmol/kg苹果酸降低了根系的活力和ATP酶活性,根细胞膜透性与对照组无显著性差异,而加入5、10和20 mmol/kg的柠檬酸、草酸和5、10 mmol/kg的苹果酸均显著增加了小飞扬草根系的活力和ATP酶活性,减小了根细胞膜透性。说明添加3种外源有机酸能强化小飞扬草修复Cd污染土壤,利用外源有机酸很有可能成为提高重金属污染土壤植物修复效率的有效途径。 相似文献