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131.
Variability in gasoline-water partitioning of major aromatic constituents (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX)) and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) were examined for regular and ethanol-blended gasolines. By use of a two-phase liquid-liquid equilibrium model, the distribution of nonpolar solutes between fuel phase and water was related to principles of equilibrium. The models derived using Raoult's law convention for activity coefficients and liquid solubility is presented. The observed inverse log-log linear dependence of Kfw values on aqueous solubility, could be well predicted by assuming gasoline to be an ideal solvent mixture. Oxygenated additives (i.e., ethanol and MTBE), in the low percent range (below 5%), were shown to have minimal or negligible cosolvent effects on hydrocarbon partitioning. In the case of high fuel-to-water ratio (e.g., 1:1) or near contaminant source zone, the cosolvent effect of oxygenated gasoline with high content of ethanol (e.g., E85) will be environmentally significant. 相似文献
132.
Despite increasing environmental concerns and stringent limitations on the sulfur content in fuels, many waste hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts containing Co, Mo, Ni and V are generated in the petroleum refining process. To recover valuable metals in the waste HDS catalysts via hydrometallurgy, thermal treatment is usually performed first to remove contaminants (residual oil, carbon and sulfur) present on the surface of catalysts. In this study, the mass partitions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different media (aqueous, particulate and gaseous) were quantified in order to determine the efficiency of three different air pollution control devices, cooling unit, filter and glass cartridge, on PAH removal. An afterburner and two furnace temperatures were used to observe the effect on the PAH contents of the treated residues. Results show that total-PAH content in treated residues decreased with the pyrolysis temperature of the primary furnace, while those generated in flue gases were destroyed by the afterburner at an efficiency of approximately 95%. In addition, the thermal process converts high molecular weight PAHs to low molecular weight PAHs, and the afterburner temperature involved (1200 degrees C) was high enough to prohibit the generation of high molecular weight PAHs (HM-PAHs), leading to the domination of low molecular weight PAHs (LM-PAHs) in flue gases, while treated residues were dominated by HM-PAHs. Finally, information on metal contents and their concentrations in the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure in waste HDS catalyst and thermal treated residues are examined as an index of the potential for metal recovery. 相似文献
133.
本文结合鞋靴保暖功效学原理,重点研究了支撑式鞋垫和橡胶双密度胶底结构。通过实验确定了鞋底发泡层视密度的范围在0.75g/cm3~0.85g/cm3之间,发泡橡胶的拉伸和导热性能达到平衡,兼顾了保暖鞋的耐穿和防寒隔热性能。 相似文献
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Lai Wenwei Hu Qinglong Zhou Qian 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(32):43443-43458
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper takes energy consumption PM2.5 emission as research object, and quantitatively analyzes the PM2.5 emission level in Hunan and Guangdong... 相似文献
138.
崇明岛小白鹭鸟卵中有机磷阻燃剂污染特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
鸟卵可用于环境质量的生物监测.从崇明岛东部若干林地采集小白鹭(Egretta garzetta)卵样品10个,用液相色谱-串联质谱联用仪(LC-MS/MS)测定了样品中10种常见有机磷阻燃剂(OPFRs)的含量,分析了其分布特征和来源.结果表明,除三辛基磷酸酯(TEHP)和三氯乙基磷酸酯(TCEP)外,其余8种OPFRs在小白鹭卵中均有检出,OPFRs的总含量为49.5~142.8 ng·g~(-1)(以湿重计,下同),均值为78.6 ng·g~(-1);其中,三丁基磷酸酯(TNBP)、三异丁基磷酸酯(TIBP)和三邻甲苯磷酸酯(TMPP)含量较为丰富,分别为(26.3±10.1)、(20.9±9.44)和(19.0±15.6) ng·g~(-1).不同鸟卵中OPFRs的赋存特征差异较大,主要受其环境含量水平、生物积累和放大能力及代谢能力的影响.崇明小白鹭卵样品中存在具有胚胎发育毒性的TMPP、三(1-氯-2-丙基)磷酸酯(TCIPP)、三丁氧基乙基磷酸酯(TBOEP)等,可能对其繁殖具有潜在影响,值得关注. 相似文献
139.
Increased market internationalization with more and stricter environmental regulations in different countries has caused manufacturers to extend their environmental management practices to cover their supply chain partners. Thus, environmental supply chain management (ESCM) has become an important competitive and environmental strategy for manufacturers to pursue. China, as a global manufacturer, is also facing this balance of economic development with environmental protection. The literature remains unclear on whether internationalization is beneficial or costly when it comes to environmental management practices such as ESCM within China. Further insight into this issue will be useful for organizations in developing and emergent economies to more effectively prepare for internationalizing their operations and markets. Using internationalization drivers that propel the implementation of environmental management practices in the Chinese manufacturing industry, we applied cluster analysis to group a sample of 377 Chinese manufacturers surveyed in 2007 into three clusters: mature internationalization, emergent internationalization, and domestic-focused. Institutional theory within an internationalization context sets the theoretical foundation for evidence that the international environmentally oriented institutional drivers encountered are positively associated with the adoption of ESCM practices by Chinese manufacturers. We also find significant differences in the environmental, economic and operational performance outcomes across the three manufacturer clusters. We conclude that manufacturing organizations experiencing internationalization with a greater extent of adopting ESCM practices tend to perform better. 相似文献
140.
Liu HC Hwu CS Hung JM Lai HY Chang HY Lu CJ 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2011,32(3):319-323
Solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography was employed to estimate bioavailability of pyrene in soils with different properties of textures, organic matter contents (SOM) and aging periods. Experimental results indicated that biodegradation rates increased from 0.10 (sandy loam) to 0.15 (silty loam) microg g-1 hr1. By contrast, biodegradation rate decreased from 0.10(1.3% SOM) to 0.04 (7.6% SOM) microg g-1hr1. The amounts of pyrene biodegraded decreased 27% when SOM was modified from 1.3 to 7.6%, indicating that distributions of pyrene in soils at biodegradation end points were affected by the SOM. Sequestration as measured by sonication extraction had evidently occurred in aged soil samples. SPME measurements slightly overestimated the amount of pyrene degraded by indigenous and seeded microorganisms, in soils with the different properties (correlation coefficient, R2= 0.74). The present study demonstrates that the SPME method can not replace biodegradation tests commonly used for predicting bioremediation efficacy. 相似文献