排序方式: 共有23条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
Louis Lebel Nguyen Hoang Tri Amnuay Saengnoree Suparb Pasong Urasa Buatama Le Kim Thoa 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2002,31(4):311-323
越南的养虾业正处在对生产体系的基础改造,使其转变成一个重要产业的过程中.该地区其他国家的经验,特别是高投入生产体系占主导地位的泰国的经验表明,现在正是通过干预使养虾业改道进入在生态、社会和经济上更可持续的道路.在泰国,实施强化的体系和复杂的产业组织的多年经验并没有获得可持续的解决办法.这里所面临的任务是使社会重新赢得控制并沿着更有效和良性发展的道路改变改革的发展方向.我们的分析结果表明,这两个国家的现行方法不可能使养虾业可持续的发展,需要对整个对虾的生产、喂养、加工、供销及管理的方式进行全面改革. 相似文献
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Catherine Potvin Petra Tschakert Frédéric Lebel Kate Kirby Hector Barrios Judith Bocariza Jaime Caisamo Leonel Caisamo Charianito Cansari Juan Casamá Maribel Casamá Laura Chamorra Nesar Dumasa Shira Goldenberg Villalaz Guainora Patrick Hayes Tim Moore Johana Ruíz 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(8):1341-1362
This paper is part of a two-year study to investigate the feasibility of initiating a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project
in an indigenous community of Eastern Panamá, Ipetí-Emberá. We use participatory mapping and matrices as well as household
surveys to develop a land-use/land-cover baseline scenario and examine the role of local participation in assessing land-use
change. In Ipetí, land-use change has not occurred in a linear way over the last decades, and our data unveils socio-economic
factors as potential key drivers of change. The concordance that we observed between geographic information and individual
and collective perceptions of land-use change substantiates the possibility of using local knowledge in the establishment
of baseline data for CDM projects. Our calculations suggest that the total carbon (C) stocks in the Tierra Colectiva (TC) of Ipetí-Emberá in 2004 represents a 47% reduction from the estimated C stock at the onset of settlement in the early
1970’s. Results from the participatory assessments predict that, in 2024 and in absence of a CDM project, the C stocks will
decline from 301,859 t C in 2004 to 155,730 t C, which constitutes a reduction of 52%. The scenario with CDM estimates C stocks
of 305,853 t C for 2024, a value slightly superior to the 2004 value. In the TC there is ground to believe that cattle ranching
is likely to become an ever more important activity as the population is young and growing and cannot easily move elsewhere.
Forests tend to be cleared for cultivation while pastures are established on short fallows. Our baseline scenario underlines
the potential for a CDM project to make a significant difference in the future C stocks of this landscape. 相似文献
3.
Va Dany Ros Taplin Bhishna Bajracharya Michael Regan Louis Lebel 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2017,19(4):1167-1188
Incorporating climate change concerns into national development planning allows adaptation to happen in harmony with the sustainable development of a country. Cambodia has received international support to enable climate change-resilient development; “mainstreaming climate change” is one of the key recent strategies. This article aims to identify entry points for integrating climate change concerns into national development planning, especially for the water resources and agriculture sectors. The study uses institutional ethnography research methods with informants drawn from government organisations, local academic institutions, and development partners, together with content analysis of key policy documents. It was found that the Cambodian national planning process restricts the involvement of other actors such as researchers, civil society, and private sector; yet flexible, in that it provides opportunities for the inclusion of climate change and other related concerns. The study identified specific entry points in key policy documents, such as the National Strategic Development Plans, and ministries’ plans. Other entry points were identified in the development planning process, for example, in the process of development departments and ministries’ plans, and actors such as department planners, and departments of planning of line ministries. Climate-informed planning is now plausible; more significant integration of concerns with future climate change, however, will require more commitment and stronger connections among national planning stakeholders, adaptation actors, and research communities. 相似文献
4.
Carole Di Poi Lauris Evariste Alexis Séguin Antoine Mottier Julie Pedelucq Jean-Marc Lebel Antoine Serpentini Hélène Budzinski Katherine Costil 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(6):5002-5018
The bioconcentration potential of fluoxetine (FLX) and its biological effects were investigated in juvenile Pacific oyster exposed for 28 days to environmentally relevant concentrations of FLX (1 ng L?1, 100 ng L?1 and up to 10 μg L?1). FLX bioaccumulated in oyster flesh resulting in 28-day bioconcentration factors greater than 2,000 and 10,000 by referring to wet and dry weights, respectively. Nevertheless, FLX did not induce oyster mortality, delayed gametogenesis, or lead to adverse histopathological alterations. At the two highest concentrations, despite non-optimal trophic conditions, FLX stimulated shell growth but only in a transient manner, suggesting a role of serotonin in the regulation of feeding and metabolism in bivalves. Those high concentrations seemed to drive bell-shaped responses of catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities throughout the exposure period, which may indicate the activation of antioxidant enzyme synthesis and then an enhanced catabolic rate or direct inhibition of those enzymes. However, no clear oxidative stress was detected because no strong differences in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) content (i.e. lipid peroxidation) were observed between oyster groups, suggesting that cellular defence mechanisms were effective. These results demonstrate the importance of considering additional biomarkers of oxidative stress to obtain a comprehensive overview of the FLX-induced changes in marine bivalves exposed under realistic conditions. Considering the battery of biomarkers used, FLX appears to induce little or no effects on oyster physiology even at a concentration of 10 μg L?1. These results do not confirm the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) values reported by some authors in other mollusc species. 相似文献
5.
Understanding the earth system requires that the two-way linkages between regions and the global system be well understood
and predictable. Most studies of global change are undertaken thematically across limited disciplinary boundaries; few are
attempted holistically across many disciplines within regions. The regional approach offers many advantages. Here a variety
of linkages associated with the regions of Southern Africa, South Asia, East Asia and Southeast Asia are presented to illustrate
the power of a regional approach to earth system science. Major findings include the extent to which long-range transport
of aerosols and nutrients affect terrestrial and marine ecosystem functioning in and around southern Africa. Aerosol transport,
and the development of a regional haze layer, over South Asia are shown to alter significantly the radiative forcing of change
in the atmosphere over the region. Changes in land cover and use over East Asia over along period of time are shown to have
affected the strength of the monsoon circulation significantly. Finally, rampant economic development and globalization in
Southeast Asia are demonstrated to have been a significant driver of regional change.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
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Louis Lebel Rattanawan Mungkung Shabbir H. Gheewala Phimphakan Lebel 《Environmental Science & Policy》2010,13(4):291-302
In this paper we explain how a shift from culture of the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) to the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) took place during 2002–6 in Thailand. We use system innovation theory to help explain how niche substitution led to a regime change within a Thai aquaculture industry trying to maintain international competitiveness but under pressures from a global landscape in which consumers are increasingly concerned with health and ecological sustainability. Support from a vertically integrated major firm, an extensive foundation of learning networks within the industry, and early profitability made the scaling-up and embedding of the experiment with white shrimp very rapid once the formal ban on import of exotic broodstock was lifted. Disease management with domesticated, specific pathogen-free strains of white shrimp has proven much easier than with black shrimp still dependent on capture of wild broodstock. Moreover relative production costs are lower. The switch in species had significant consequences for the environment and firms. Using life cycle analysis we found that rearing white shrimp requires less resource and produces less waste than black shrimp. The shift in regime, however, also made it more difficult for small farms and hatchery businesses. 相似文献
9.
Daniel Murdiyarso Louis Lebel 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(1):3-11
Forest and land fires are not new to the landscapes of Southeast Asia. Nevertheless, strikingly different perspectives persist
about the significance of fires in the tropics to environmental changes and human well-being and consequently how they should
be managed. Our synthesis of papers in this special issue suggests both trade-offs and complementarities in various policy
responses with differing objectives. There are, however, at least three domains with high potential of meeting multiple objectives.
First, is through identification, and improved management, of ecosystems vulnerable to fire under current and future climate.
Agriculture, forestry and human settlements on peat land areas in Indonesia are candidates for such a focus. Second, is through
building adaptive capacities to manage fire and related land and water resources. Investments in capacity at multiple levels
are needed, but particularly at fairly local levels where stakeholders have strong incentives to manage fires appropriate
to local contexts. Third, is through building awareness that fire management does not universally equate to fire suppression.
Severe smoke haze episodes, for example, are also a result of timing of fires, and some fire-adapted ecosystems may depend
on fire to persist. Finally, we emphasize that effective fire management is unlikely to be realized without greater engagement
by research and policy with stakeholders in thoroughly exploring the full range of land and fire management options. Negotiation,
compensation and trade-offs are probably inevitable. 相似文献
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