普伐他汀的光催化降解性能及机理研究

通过水热法合成Bi₂WO₆,并利用XPS,XRD,BET,UV-Vis和SEM等方法对样品进行了表征;通过光催化性能实验考察了Bi₂WO₆投加量,溶液pH值对普伐他汀（PR）降解效果的影响;通过自由基捕获实验及中间产物的鉴定探明了Bi₂WO₆光催化降解PR过程的主要活性自由基,中间产物及降解机理,并采用发光细菌急性毒性试验评估了PR降解前后的毒性.结果表明,所制备的Bi₂WO₆是由大量纳米片组成的正交晶系花瓣状微球,各元素物质的量比为Bi：W：O=2.5：1：6.7,比表面积为26.67m²/g,带隙能为2.74eV;光催化性能结果表明,对于10mg/L PR,当溶液pH=6.5,Bi₂WO₆投加量为0.4g/L时降解效果最佳,降解率可达80.6%,矿化度为40.2%;自由基捕获实验结果表明降解过程中h⁺起主要的氧化作用,·OH和·O₂^-的氧化起辅助作用.基于活性自由基和中间产物的鉴别结果提出了Bi₂WO₆光催化降解PR的机理,即以h⁺为主,·OH和·O₂^-为辅联合攻击PR分子中C－C键,C＝C双键,酯键等化学键,进而将其分解为易降解小分子有机物.另外,毒性测试结果表明PR经光催化降解后的小分子产物与PR原液相比毒性并没有增强.     

大型空间环境模拟器真空系统配置技术研究

分别对国内外大型空间环境模拟器的真空系统配置进行了介绍,并对真空系统各个子系统的配置与技术特点进行了分析,重点针对大型空间环境模拟器真空系统中所需的真空抽气策略进行了研究,为后续超大型环境试验设备的研制和试验测试提供了参考。     

玻璃纤维-铝合金层合板氙灯老化性能研究

目的研究氙灯环境对玻璃纤维-铝合金层合板性能的影响。方法通过研究玻璃纤维-铝合金层合板在氙灯老化后的力学性能、基体红外光谱、铝合金表面形貌及元素变化,分析层合板的氙灯老化机理。结果随氙灯老化时间的延长,树脂基体老化降解程度越高,树脂与纤维、铝合金的界面强度下降,使材料拉伸及弯曲性能降低,拉伸强度受老化影响最为显著的是正交结构层合板,老化84 d后强度降低13.7%,正交结构0°方向层合板的弯曲强度受氙灯老化影响降低4.6%,其他试样的弯曲强度降幅均低于5%,氙灯老化后的铝合金层表面的微凹坑数量及尺寸无明显变化,但凹坑氧元素随老化周期延长略微增加。结论氙灯环境主要影响玻璃纤维-铝合金层合板中的复合材料层及各界面,树脂基体的降解导致力学性能的衰退,而对于铝合金的影响并不明显。     

感潮河段污水处理厂尾水对受纳水体的水质影响研究

感潮河段污水处理厂尾水排放对受纳水体产生一定影响,利用二维水动力水质耦合模型,以COD、NH3-N、TP为污染因子,分别以正常排放和事故排放两种条件,模拟江苏南部某污水处理厂尾水排放,分析江段大小潮时污染物浓度增量情况。实验结果表明:正常排放,尾水对排放口附近江段保护区水质影响小;事故排放,尾水对保护区水质无影响,但长江水体影响范围增大,沿岸污染物浓度增高,且小潮周期影响作用强于大潮周期,污水处理厂应加强管理,尤其在小潮时应避免污水事故排放。     

大型企业环保措施的管理与研究

21世纪,国民经济得到了大力发展,人民生活水平也相应有了极大的提高,但与此同时,全球生态环境遭到了严重破坏。因此在此背景下,大型企业环保措施的管理成为近年来社会关注的热点话题之一,大型企业和相关部门也相应的采取了一系列措施,旨在保持大型企业经济发展和生态文明之间的平衡,但是在实践的过程中,取得的成果并不是很理想。大型企业环保措施的管理最主要部分就是企业环保成本控制,因此为改善这一情况,对大型企业环保成本控制研究成为重中之重。     

环保新形势下的经济增长方式改革研究

为了均衡环保和经济增长间的关系,对环保压力下的经济增长方式进行改革。分析了资源与经济增长的关系、经济增长方式的内涵和经济增长方式的类型,介绍了国内外相关文献综述。对传统粗放型经济增长方式进行分析,发现其具有高投入、高消耗、低效益的特性,且中国单位产值所需的生产要素较其他发达国家和部分发展中国家高,但生产率与资金、资源利用率却比其他发达国家低。在面临环保压力时,中国因传统粗放型经济增长方式造成资源利用效率降低,影响经济增长,需对经济增长方式做出以下改革:转变生产函数,增加要素生产率,改变要素间相对地位;扩展价值链,使产业升级,提高附加值;改善产业结构,发展服务业。     

气体中毒窒息事故的环境应急监测

以株洲市攸县某矿业公司"5·7"重大中毒窒息事故的环境应急监测为例，详细阐述了该事故开展应急监测的全过程。针对锁定污染因子、查找污染源、判断污染团的扩散趋势以及监控敏感点的安全等监测目的设计监测方案。通过监测数据分析确定事故特征因子为CO，其周边环境空气中浓度随着与抽风口距离的增加而快速下降，监测到附近居民区环境空气质量未受事故影响。     

Analysing the sensitivity behaviour of two hydrology models

Recently, the New Morris Method has been presented as an effective sensitivity analysis tool for mathematical models. The New Morris Method estimates the sensitivity of an output parameter to a given set of input parameters (first-order effects) and the extent these parameters interact with each other (second-order effects). This method requires the specification of two parameters (runs and resolution) that control the sampling of the output parameter to determine its sensitivity to various inputs. The criteria for these parameters have been set on the analysis of a well-behaved analytical function (see Cropp and Braddock, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 78:77–83, 2002), which may not be applicable to other physical models that describe complex processes. This paper will investigate the appropriateness of the criteria from (Cropp and Braddock, 2002) and hence the effectiveness of the New Morris Method to determine the sensitivity behaviour of two hydrologic models: the Soil Erosion and Deposition System and Griffith University Representation of Urban Hydrology. In the first case, this paper will separately analyse the sensitivity of an output parameter on a set of input parameters (first- and second-order effects) for each model and discuss the physical meaning of these sensitivities. This will be followed by an investigation into the sampling criteria by exploring the convergence of the sensitivity behaviour for each model as the sampling of the parameter space is increased. By comparing these trends to the convergence behaviour from Cropp and Braddock (2002), we will determine how well the New Morris Method estimates the sensitivity for each model and whether the sampling criteria are appropriate for these models. It will be shown that the New Morris Method can provide additional insight into the functioning of these models, and that, under a different metric, the sensitivity behaviour of these models does converge confirming the sampling criteria set by Cropp and Braddock.     

Environmental quality control and environmental games

Conclusion  In this paper we have considered a specific environmental game emphasizing both control-prevention efforts and the propensity to pollute by a firm which adopts a given pollution abatement technology. A random payoff game was constructed and solved under a risk neutral assumption and quadratic utilities for both the firm and the environmental controller. The game thus defined, provides a wide range of interpretations and potential approaches for selecting a control-inspection policies to prevent environmental risks. There are of course many facets to this problem, which could be considered and have not been considered in sufficient depth. For example, more complex control mechanisms and liabilities, the effects of insurance and risk sharing, the application of cooperative efforts and subvention of pollution abatement investments (through tax incentives and their like), etc. have not been considered [5,7]. These are topics for further research. The basic presumption of this paper is that it is very difficult to fully enforce pollution prevention by firms, as a result, some controls are needed to ensure that firms be controlled so that appropriate efforts are carried.     

Integrating disciplinary research into an interdisciplinary framework: A case study in sustainability research

The complexity of today’s research problems increasingly demands that scientists move beyond the confines of their own discipline. In this special issue, the basics of a transdisciplinary framework are established and problems analyzed in a specific discipline are successfully integrated in this transdisciplinary network. The intent has been to go beyond only statements about the importance of enabling early stage researchers to work across disciplinary boundaries, and to show that important discoveries are being made at the intersection of disciplines. Embedding various research projects in a more global framework can meet the demands of an interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary approach (especially for early stage researchers) and contribute significantly to sustainable research.