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41.
Carolin?E?ArndtEmail author Gregorio?Fernandez-Leborans Lena?Seuthe J?rgen?Berge Bj?rn?Gulliksen 《Marine Biology》2005,147(3):643-652
In September 2003 specimens of the sympagic amphipod Gammarus wilkitzkii were sampled in drifting pack ice above 50 m water depth and in the pelagic/benthic environment beneath in the coastal waters off Svalbard (Norway). Abundance values ranged between 1.5 and 8 individuals m–2 for the pelagic/benthic and the sympagic environments, respectively, and showed corresponding sex ratios of 1:1.4, favoring males. In the ice a significantly higher number of juveniles prevailed. In contrast, ovigerous females were more abundant among pelagic/benthic living specimens. Approximately 25% of the individuals hosted ciliated epibionts of the genera Ephelota, Cryptacineta, Acineta, Podophrya (all suctoria), and Epistylis (peritrichia). Cryptacineta and Ephelota were the most abundant epibionts on this amphipod species. Female specimens of G. wilkitzkii showed the highest degree of infestation (>2,100 individual epibionts per amphipod specimen: indE/A) followed by juveniles (>1,200 indE/A) and males (>220 indE/A). Highest densities of epibionts were found on anterior body parts with the antennae bearing up to 130 individuals. This is the first sighting of epibionts on crustacea from the sympagic environment. We interpret them as biomarkers that indicate the existence of sympago–benthic coupling processes between the ice and the underlying waters and the seafloor. The population structure and the proportion of infested specimens are equal for the amphipods sampled from both the sympagic and the pelagic/benthic environment, indicating the existence of exchange (coupling) processes between the two habitats. Considering the annual ice cycle, local ice drift patterns, and the shallow water depth in the sampling area, we hypothesize that ice amphipods spend ice-free periods near the seafloor where they may serve as basibionts for protozoans and eventually re-colonize the ice with the onset of ice formation. Our observations strongly emphasize that shallow coastal areas serve as both retention (rather than sink) areas for ice fauna during ice-free periods, and as stepping-stones for re-colonizing the ice when the ice is formed in winter.Communicated by M. Kühl, Helsingor 相似文献
42.
Lena Gustafsson 《Conservation biology》2002,16(2):377-388
43.
44.
The implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive and the achievement of its water quality objectives will to a large degree depend on scientific knowledge about the sources and status of water resources and the effects of mitigative measures. Coastal waters will be of central interest, since the management of whole river basins may be affected if coastal water status is not satisfactory. The Water Directive's general directions on what information the water authorities need and on suitable methods for obtaining such information leave it to the Member states to decide on more precise instructions. Improved legal mechanisms are needed to assist and guide the managers and scientists charged with implementing the directive and achieving its water quality objectives, particularly when faced with insufficient information, flawed knowledge, or changed circumstances. We assess progress in the current process of implementing the Water Directive in Sweden, focussing on coastal waters, and on general problems arising using this type of legal technique. 相似文献
45.
Lenaïg G. Hemery Kristin K. Politano Sarah K. Henkel 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(8):413
With increasing cascading effects of climate change on the marine environment, as well as pollution and anthropogenic utilization of the seafloor, there is increasing interest in tracking changes to benthic communities. Macrofaunal surveys are traditionally conducted as part of pre-incident environmental assessment studies and post-incident monitoring studies when there is a potential impact to the seafloor. These surveys usually characterize the structure and/or spatiotemporal distribution of macrofaunal assemblages collected with sediment cores; however, many different sampling protocols have been used. An assessment of the comparability of past and current survey methods was in need to facilitate future surveys and comparisons. This was the aim of the present study, conducted off the Oregon coast in waters 25–35 m deep. Our results show that the use of a sieve with a 1.0-mm mesh size gives results for community structure comparable to results obtained from a 0.5-mm mesh size, which allows reliable comparisons of recent and past spatiotemporal surveys of macroinfauna. In addition to our primary objective of comparing methods, we also found interacting effects of seasons and depths of collection. Seasonal differences (summer and fall) were seen in infaunal assemblages in the wave-induced sediment motion zone but not deeper. Thus, studies where wave-induced sediment motion can structure the benthic communities, especially during the winter months, should consider this effect when making temporal comparisons. In addition, some macrofauna taxa-like polychaetes and amphipods show high interannual variabilities, so spatiotemporal studies should make sure to cover several years before drawing any conclusions. 相似文献
46.
Xinde Cao Lena Ma Aziz Shiralipour Willie Harris 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(3):586-594
Background, aim, and scope
Composting is being proposed as a pretreatment step before disposal of metal-rich biomass after phytoextraction process. This study determined the biomass reduction and arsenic transformation during composting As-rich biomass of hyperaccumulator Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata L.). 相似文献47.
48.
Julie S. Miller Lena Rudolph Andrew G. Zink 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(10):1873-1879
Nest predation imposes a major cost to reproductive females, who should therefore take measures to avoid encounters with predators.
However, when predators are conspecifics, avoidance can be more difficult and may be a consequence of social or aggregative
behaviors. In this study, we measured the consequences of conspecific egg cannibalism on hatching success in the maritime
earwig (Anisolabis maritima), which occasionally form aggregations. We hypothesized that conspecific egg cannibalism is a byproduct of aggregation, and
that cannibalism rates would increase with aggregation density; however, our results do not support this. We combined field
data with a lab experiment to test the effectiveness of maternal nest defense in protecting nests from a conspecific. Nests
with a guard had higher hatching success and lower rates of cannibalism than unattended nests in the presence of a conspecific.
We also measured body and forcep size to see whether the outcome of contests was determined by relative size. Female guards
who were larger relative to the invading conspecific maintained their nest and had higher hatching success than females who
were relatively smaller, suggesting that the maritime earwig is under directional selection for larger body and/or forcep
size. 相似文献
49.
Reimann Lena Merkens Jan-Ludolf Vafeidis Athanasios T. 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(1):235-245
Regional Environmental Change - Existing narratives and population projections of the global-scale Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) do not capture regional differences in socioeconomic... 相似文献
50.
Wuxing Liu Yongming Luo Ying Teng Zhengao Li Lena Q. Ma 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(1):23-29
In situ bioremediation of oily sludge-contaminated soil by biostimulation of indigenous microbes through adding manure was
conducted at the Shengli oilfield in northern China. After bioremediation for 360 days, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH)
content was reduced by 58.2% in the treated plots compared with only 15.6% in the control plot. Moreover, bioremediation significantly
improved the physicochemical properties of the soil in the treated plot. Soil microbial counts and community-level physiological
profiling were also examined. Manure addition increased TPH degraders and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degraders
in the contaminated soil by one to two orders of magnitude. The activity and biodiversity of soil microbial communities also
increased markedly in the treated plot compared with that of the control. Finally, biotoxicity was used to evaluate the soils
and a sharp increase in the EC50 of the soil after bioremediation was observed, indicating that bioremediation had reduced
the toxicity of the soil. 相似文献