Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a sequencing batch reactor

Laboratory scale experiments were conducted to study the characteristics of N and P removal under different influent organic carbon concentration in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with simple anaerobic/aerobic operating mode. Experimental results indicated that, under the operating condition of influent N concentration of 89 mg/L and P concentration of 15 mg/L, when the influent C/N ratio increased from 1.5 to 6.9 (influent C/P ratio from 9 to 41), total N and P removal efficiency improved from 50% and 46% to 78% and 96% respectively. Track studies of N, P and other operating parameters demonstrated that N removal of the SBR was realized through simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) in the aeration phase and anoxic denitrificaiton in the filling phase, P removal was accomplished through conventional anaerobic P release and aerobic P taken-up process. Keeping dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration during the first two aeration hours as low as 0.1-0.6 mg/L is essential for the simultaneous occurrences of nitrification, denitrification and P-taken up.     

Cadmium removal from wastewater by sponge iron sphere prepared by hydrogen reduction

A new type of sponge iron sphere (NSIS) with 1-5 mm diameter, made of concentrated iron powder and possessed high activity and intension, was prepared by mini-pellet sintering integrated with H₂ direct reduction. Static state experiment has been carried on to investigate the Cd²⁺ removal efficiency from wastewater by the NSIS and to explore the Cd²⁺ removal reaction kinetics. It was suggested that initial pH value and Cd²⁺ original concentration had significant influence on Cd²⁺ removal percentage. Cd²⁺ removal percentage decreased significantly with the increasing of Cd²⁺original concentration whether the original pH value be adjusted to 3.0 or without adjustment. The results showed that the Cd²⁺ removal process followed the first order reaction because the reaction order was from 0.803 to 0.996. The apparent reaction rate constant between Cd²⁺ and NSIS was from 0.0025 to 0.1000 (mg·L^?1)^1-n·min^?1. Compared with SIS reduced by charcoal reduction, NSIS deoxided by hydrogen possessed higher activity, and could remove the same quantity of Cd²⁺ within a shorter period of time.     

基于REOF方法的辽宁气候舒适度区域特征分析

基于辽宁省50个气象站1964-2008年的气象资料,采用适应东北地区的人体舒适度计算公式及分级标准,得出辽宁省近45年历年人体各舒适度级别日数,使用旋转经验正交分解法(REOF),对辽宁省气候舒适度进行区域划分,并分析了各区域气候舒适度的空间分布特征和变化趋势.结果表明:(1)根据前4个旋转倚载向量场高载荷区分布,将...     

低温等离子体-催化协同降解挥发性有机废气

低温等离子体-催化协同技术适合于各类挥发性有机物的治理,特别是大气量低浓度的有机废气的处理.高效催化剂的加入可 以显著提高等离子体反应中有机废气的降解效率,减少有害副产物的生成以及提高反应器的能量利用率.从反应器、催化剂以及背景气体等方面探讨了该技术实现产业化需要解决的问题,结合低温等离子体与催化剂的相互作用、等离子体...     

不同进水条件对SBR工艺脱氮除磷效能的影响

采用人工配水,研究进水在不同pH值,碳源类型,碳氮比条件下,厌氧/好氧/缺氧(A/O/A)sBR工艺对生物法脱氮除磷效能的影响.结果表明:不同的进水条件对反应器的影响较大,当pH值为7.5,乙酸钠为碳源,碳氮比为1.4时,反应器运行效果最佳,系统对PO43--P,NH4+-N的去除率分别达到97.28%,99.5%.N...     

利用泰乐菌素菌渣生产复合酶制剂及效果研究

发酵法生产抗生素过程中会产生大量废弃菌渣,这些菌渣因有机质含量高,堆放极易发生霉变,给当地环境造成危害.文章采用固体发酵法,以微生物降解处理后的泰乐菌素菌渣为主要原料,生产复合酶制剂,并对其在肉鸡上的使用效果进行研究.结果表明:在水含量50％～60％、干物质中麸皮含量不低于40％的泰乐菌素菌渣培养基中,接入5％～10％...     

土壤阴离子表面活性剂总量亚甲基蓝法研究

文章通过设计正交试验,针对提取的主要因素提取液配比、提取时间、提取温度和提取剂用量确定最优的前处理方法,建立与国标《水质阴离子表面活性剂亚甲基蓝分光光度法》(GB7494-87)对应的土壤阴离子表而活性剂(LAS)的亚甲基蓝分光光度法.土壤样品烘干后经20 mL乙醇水溶液(70％)提取,水浴恒温振荡仪45℃下振荡2h,...     

环境科学领域中欧科技教育合作的探讨

欧盟高等教育有着悠久的历史,在环境科学领域处于世界领先水平。随着欧盟一体化进程的深入推进,中国工业化和城市化步伐的加快,环境科学领域面临着新的机遇和挑战,必将给中欧之间的科技教育合作创造更多的机会。面对新形势,有必要认真分析中欧在环境科学领域科技教育合作的现状与机遇,总结经验,找出问题,提出对策,进而促进中欧合作的健康发展。     

宁波市区近十年酸雨污染趋势分析

采用2001-2010年宁波市区降水监测数据,对宁波市区的酸雨污染现状及2001年以来的变化趋势分析,结果表明:酸雨频率居高不下,且降水酸度并未减弱,宁波市区酸雨的污染类型处于硫酸型向硫酸与硝酸混合型转变的过渡期。并根据宁波市区实际情况提出相应防治对策。     

煤炭井工开采项目中土地整治评价内容的协调

通过典型案例,阐述了环境影响评价、水土保持方案和土地复垦方案三个咨询成果在对煤矿土地整治工程中的矛盾与不协调,并提出了协调思路与方法。