Seasonal variation and size distribution of biogenic secondary organic aerosols at urban and continental background sites of China

Size-resolved biogenic secondary organic aerosols(BSOA) derived from isoprene and monoterpene photooxidation in Qinghai Lake, Tibetan Plateau(a continental background site) and five cities of China were measured using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS). Concentrations of the determined BSOA are higher in the cities than in the background and are also higher in summer than in winter. Moreover, strong positive correlations(R2= 0.44–0.90) between BSOA and sulfate were found at the six sites,suggesting that anthropogenic pollution(i.e., sulfate) could enhance SOA formation,because sulfate provides a surface favorable for acid-catalyzed formation of BSOA. Size distribution measurements showed that most of the determined SOA tracers are enriched in the fine mode( 3.3 μm) except for cis-pinic and cis-pinonic acids, both presented a comparable mass in the fine and coarse( 3.3 μm) modes, respectively. Mass ratio of oxidation products derived from isoprene to those from monoterpene in the five urban regions during summer are much less than those in Qinghai Lake region. In addition, in the five urban regions relative abundances of monoterpene oxidation products to SOA are much higher than those of isoprene. Such phenomena suggest that BSOA derived from monoterpenes are more abundant than those from isoprene in Chinese urban areas.     

Regionalization based on spatial and seasonal variation in ground-level ozone concentrations across China

Owing to the vast territory of China and strong regional characteristic of ozone pollution,it's desirable for policy makers to have a targeted and prioritized regulation and ozone pollution control strategy in China based on scientific evidences. It's important to assess its current pollution status as well as spatial and temporal variation patterns across China.Recent advances of national monitoring networks provide an opportunity to insight the actions of ozone pollution. Here, we present rotated empirical orthogonal function(REOF)analysis that was used on studying the spatiotemporal characteristics of daily ozone concentrations. Based on results of REOF analysis in pollution seasons for 3 years' observations, twelve regions with clear patterns were identified in China. The patterns of temporal variation of ozone in each region were separated well and different from each other, reflecting local meteorological, photochemical or pollution features. A rising trend in annual averaged Eight-hour Average Ozone Concentrations(O_3-8 hr) from 2014 to 2016 was observed for all regions, except for the Tibetan Plateau. The mean values of annual and 90 percentile concentrations for all 338 cities were 82.6 ± 14.6 and 133.9 ± 25.8 μg/m~3,respectively, in 2015. The regionalization results of ozone were found to be influenced greatly by terrain features, indicating significant terrain and landform effects on ozone spatial correlations. Among 12 regions, North China Plain, Huanghuai Plain, Central Yangtze River Plain, Pearl River Delta and Sichuan Basin were realized as priority regions for mitigation strategies, due to their higher ozone concentrations and dense population.     

广东省生活垃圾焚烧设施环境与健康风险评估构架研究

生活垃圾焚烧设施的建立是解决城市生活垃圾逐年增多的有效方式之一,但其所引发的环境与健康问题成为公众关注的热点。基于广东省对生活垃圾焚烧设施的研究,以环境管理为目标,结合国内外在该领域的研究现状,提出广东省生活垃圾焚烧设施环境与健康风险评估构架。通过该构架的多年实践,总结了广东省生活垃圾焚烧设施环境与健康风险评估研究所取得的成效,有望将该成果推而广之,从而使该行业实现绿色生态的蓬勃发展。     

重庆九龙坡城区和城郊大气污染物浓度特征研究

为了解重庆市九龙坡区城区和城郊大气污染物浓度特征,分析了城区和城郊国控空气站点2014年3月~2015年2月典型污染物的浓度变化。结果表明,除O_3表现出夏高冬低的季节变化趋势外,其它污染物均表现出冬高夏低的季节变化趋势。PM_(2.5)污染最严重,城区和郊区日均值超标率分别为31.4%和33.4%。城区和城郊的PM_(2.5)浓度之间没有显著性差异(p0.05),城郊O_3浓度显著高于城区(p0.01),NO_2、SO_2、CO和PM_(10)则是城区显著高于城郊(p0.01)。     

聚丙烯酰胺降解菌株的分离及其油田含聚污水生物强化处理研究

应用厌氧Hungate技术,从大庆油田分离到一株聚丙烯酰胺降解菌株,菌株与Clostridium bifermentans(AY781385)相似性为99%,命名为Clostridium bifermentans H5。菌株能以聚丙烯酰胺为唯一碳源,静态试验表明,在附加乳酸钠和硫酸钠的条件下,聚合物去除率为52.5%;首次采用纯菌培养的厌氧污泥作为底物,水解酸化试验表明,乳酸钠作为碳源要好于砂糖,聚合物去除率为50.89%左右,砂糖为碳源聚合物去除率为43.55%左右;初步试验表明,应用高效降解菌株和水解酸化工艺处理含聚污水具有可行性。     

雾霾环境天气下对户外体育运动人群影响研究

构建雾霾环境天气下户外体育运动生理健康指标参数,以最大摄氧量(VO2)、最大通气量(VEmax)、氧脉搏O2P、心率(HR)等参量为约束指标,构建户外体育运动人群身体健康指标的约束体系,采用心电图的负荷试验和代谢分析实验方法测试雾霾环境天气下对户外体育运动人群健康影响,根据受测运动员的气体代谢和心肺功能指标进行雾霾环境天气下运动人群的心肺机能特征分析。雾霾环境天气下,应当减少户外运动,在空气质量好的环境下进行一定的有氧运动,避免吸入污染空气,导致肺部疾病。     

同槽双极锰电积生产工艺的现状及进展研究

为解决传统锰和二氧化锰制备过程中单独电解的高能耗、高污染问题,目前国内外在同槽电解制备金属锰和微粒二氧化锰方面已有一定的探索和研究。总结介绍了锰和二氧化锰的研究进展,电解液的制备方法、电极的制备研究以及最新同槽电解工艺的研究动态和发展,并在此基础上展望了电解制备锰和二氧化锰工业的发展趋势,致力于开发一种同槽双极锰电积清洁节能工艺,在同槽电解降低能耗的基础上发展清洁工艺,回收生产过程中产生的废酸,对环境保护、水体治理以及可持续发展具有重大意义。     

天津市滨海新区PM_(2.5)污染时空分布及影响因素研究

为了降低天津市滨海新区中PM_(2.5)的污染,需要对天津市滨海新区PM_(2.5)污染的时空分布和影响因素进行研究。研究天津市滨海新区近年来PM_(2.5)的时空分布特征,并选取PM_(2.5)的相关指标,对天津市滨海新区PM_(2.5)污染影响因素进行分析。结果表明,在天津市滨海新区的冬季时,PM_(2.5)的质量浓度值最高,在滨海新区的夏季时,PM_(2.5)的质量浓度值最低。PM_(2.5)在天津市滨海新区昼间大气中的质量浓度低于夜间大气中的质量浓度。     

使用热处理污泥吸附剂去除废水中重金属铜的研究

基于重金属铜的高度危害性和污泥的高效重复利用的考虑,研究了在污泥吸附剂上去除合成废水中重金属铜的实例。将污泥干燥,研磨并在各种温度下进行热处理,使用SEM和FTIR技术分析了污泥的表面形貌和化学结构。实验所研究的参数是铜离子的初始浓度、反应时间、污泥用量以及污泥的热处理温度。实验数据显示随着污泥用量的增加,Cu+2的去除率增加,并根据使用的浓度范围,研究了Cu+2的初始浓度对重金属铜去除率的影响。对实验数据使用不同等温线进行模拟,获得线性拟合性能较好的等温模型。     

环境污染防治在建筑工程管理施工中的作用分析与研究

建筑活动是破坏环境资源、污染环境的主要活动之一,如何有效达到施工环境污染防治的目标已经逐渐成为社会关注的焦点话题。为有效防治施工环境污染,文中首先对典型施工环境污染的主要来源进行分析,然后提出施工环境污染防治目标的动态控制流程,并从设置动态控制目标、重视主动控制、多方面釆取有效措施方面对目标的动态控制进行分析。通过对施工环境目标的动态控制分析,使动态控制原理在项目环境管理领域有效运用,降低了建筑施工对环境的污染。