硫氧化细菌的分离鉴定及降解特性

从浙江华海药业污水处理系统中分离得到一株硫氧化细菌T3,基于形态特征、生理生化、16S rRNA基因序列系统学分析和Biolog鉴定系统分析,鉴定该菌株为根瘤菌属.摇瓶实验结果表明,T3生物降解最适生长温度为30℃,最适pH值为8.0,外加氯化铵、碳源对菌株生长及硫化钠降解有促进作用,驯化后的硫氧化细菌对硫化钠有很强的耐受能力,最优生长条件下,2 d内菌株T3能将400 mg/L以下浓度的硫化钠降解彻底,是一株有应用前景的硫氧化细菌.通过测定代谢过程中各种物质的含量,确定该菌株对硫化钠的去除机理为S2-→S2O32-/S0→SO32-→SO42-.图8表1参18     

电解锰生产厂区废水分质回用模式研究

以清洁生产的理念,对贵州省电解锰行业生产废水循环模式进行了优化,将冷却系统强制排污水作为后处理系统的补充水,后处理系统产生的含铬锰废水处理后先系统小循环,剩余水进入电解溶液系统,最终出水被蒸发和渣带走。试运行结果表明:优化后,电解锰生产的3个用水系统均可达到平衡,厂区内无生产废水排放,可见电解锰生产废水闭路循环是可行的;优化后含铬锰废水中硫酸铵累积不会导致产品硫含量超标,也不会对电解过程产生影响。     

Characterization of dissolved organic matter fractions from Lake Hongfeng, Southwestern China Plateau

With XAD-series and ion exchange resins, dissolved organic matter (DOM) from Lake Hongfeng in Southwestern China Plateau was isolated into 6 fractions, i.e., humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), hydrophobic neutrals (HON), hydrophilic acids (HIA), hydrophilic bases (HIB) and hydrophilic neutrals (HIN). Those fractions were characterized by high performance size exclusion chromatography, fluorescence spectroscopy and UV absorbance. Among the 6 fractions, FA was predominant and accounted for 51% of the total DOM. The weight-average (M_w) and number-averaged (M_n) molecular weight of these fractions ranged from 1688 to 2355 Da and from 1338 to 1928 Da, respectively. A strong correlation was observed between specific UV absorbance at 280 nm, E₂/E₃ (absorbance at 250 nm to 365 nm), and the molecular weight for DOM fractions. UV-Vis fulvic-like fluorescence peaks were found in all fractions. Protein-like fluorescence peaks existed in HON may indicate that microbial activity was severely in Lake Hongfeng. There was a significant relationship between fluorescence intensities and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm for those DOM fractions, suggesting their similar luminescence characteristics. The values of fluorescence index (f_450/500) indicated that hydrophobic fractions may derive from terrestrial sources, and the hydrophilic fractions from microbial and terrestrial origins. Those results suggest that there were inter-relationships between molecular weight, fluorescence and absorbance characteristics, and also subtle consistencies between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and the sources for these 6 fractions from Lake Hongfeng.     

甲苯法生产己内酰胺废水治理技术探讨

简要介绍了甲苯法生产己内酰胺工艺的“废水”来源和废水处理工艺。     

中国南海CDOM三维荧光光谱特征研究

利用三维荧光光谱技术,分析了中国南海有色溶解有机物(CDOM)荧光组分的垂直分布特征.结果表明,中国南海CDOM含有类腐殖质荧光峰M和类蛋白质荧光峰T;CDOM的荧光强度(λEx/λE m:350 nm/450 nm)在表层较低,垂直分布呈现随深度增加而增加,在300 m处达到峰值,然后逐渐下降,在500~600 m间达最小峰值,而后保持相对稳定的分布规律.荧光指数FI均在1.4~2.0间,腐殖化指数HIX值偏低,生物源指数BIX在0.7~1.1之间,T峰为主要贡献者,说明南海CDOM主要为海洋自生来源,受海洋微生物作用过程影响较大.M峰和T峰的荧光强度在垂直分布上具有相似的变化趋势,表层荧光强度都最小,说明南海表层CDOM丰度分布受光降解影响较大.研究表明,南海CDOM的垂直分布受光化学反应、海洋微生物活动及颗粒有机物再矿化的共同影响.     

T3WS便携式水质快速检测仪在环境监测中的应用研究

便携式水质快速检测仪具有测量速度快、体积小、重量轻、便于携带等特点,特别适用于水质现场快速测定.在T3WS快速检测仪30余个项目中选择六价铬、甲醛、砷、氨氮、硫化物等五项常用指标,进行试管一致性、校准曲线斜率、截距、相关系数、检出限、测定范围、精密度、准确度以及与实验室分析方法比对等试验.结果表明,T3WS快速检测仪测试标准样品测试结果均在允许误差范围内,标准样品及地袁水、废水样品测试结果的相对偏差均小于10％,与实验室分析结果之间最大相对误差分别为-6.1％、15.9％、15％、-7.2％、-21.0％,T3WS便携式水质快速检测仪用于水质现场快速测定结果的精密度与准确度是可以接受的.     

Temporal and spatial variations of low-molecular-weight organic acids in Dianchi Lake, China

Low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) in eutrophic lake water of Dianchi, Southwestern China Plateau were investigated diurnally and vertically using ion chromatography. Two profiles (P1 and P2) were studied due to the difference of hydrochemical features. Lactic, formic, pyruvic and oxalic acid were detected as major components at P1 and P2 which were on average 7.98 and 6.53 mol/L, respectively, corresponding to their proportions of 2.68% and 2.48% relative to DOC. Pyruvic acid was regarded as the uppermost species at P1 and P2, reaching up to 3.82 and 3.35 mol/L and accounting for 47.9% and 51.3%, respectively, in individual TOA. Although humus were of biogenetic production at both sites, the significant negative correlation between diurnal variations of TOAs, fluorescence intensity (FI) of protein-like components and humic-like components at P1 indicated LMWOAs were greatly originated from bacterioplankton excretion and degradation. However, correlations between diurnal variations of humic-like FI and physicochemical parameters demonstrated algal origination of LMWOAs at P2. Although content of humus was high, TOA at P2 was 1.45 mol/L lower than that at P1, due to the co-influence of more intense photo-oxidation and aggregation at P2. Therefore, TOAs exhibited quite opposite diurnal variation trends of increasing-decreasing and decreasing-increasing at P1 and P2, respectively. Except for impact of solar radiation, bacterial decomposition and assimilation rendered shifts of maximal LMWOAs along water column at P1. Covering with massive algae, UV rays penetrated shallower depth that LMWOAs assembled in surface layer water before 18:00 at P2 and represented decreasing profiles.     

基于EGR的乙醇-生物柴油-柴油发动机排放性能

在单缸风冷四冲程直喷柴油发电机上,燃用柴油、生物柴油、10%乙醇-45%生物柴油-45%柴油（E10B45D45）和20%乙醇-40%生物柴油-40%柴油（E20B40D40）,采用16%、28% EGR率,测试并分析了经济性,NOx、HC和CO的排放性能和烟气的光吸收系数。研究表明：柴油的油耗最低,生物柴油次之,随着乙醇含量的增加,混合燃料的油耗增加;随着乙醇含量的增多,NOx排放量降低,与燃用柴油相比,E10B45D45和E20B40D40平均可降低约16.1%和30.2%;采用EGR可有效降低NOx排放,对应16%、28% EGR率,E10B45D45的NOx排放可平均降低19.3%和39.5%,E20B40D40平均降低10.7%和43.5%;随着乙醇含量的增多,HC排放量显著升高,对比于柴油,E10B45D45和E20B40D40分别升高了59.8%和172.1%;采用EGR后,HC排放增加;随乙醇含量的增加,CO排放也明显增大,对比于柴油,E10B45D45和E20B40D40分别升高了58.6%和131.1%;采用EGR后CO排放增加;各燃料中,柴油在小、中负荷烟气的光吸收系数最低,大负荷时却最高;不宜在小负荷时采用较高的乙醇掺混比和较大的EGR率。     

银纳米粒子作为二苯并噻吩固相萃取剂的研究

以银纳米粒子为对象,开展其作为新型固相萃取填料的二苯并噻吩类化合物的固相萃取-气相色谱快速分析方法的初步研究。采用液相化学还原法合成银纳米粒子及扫描电子显微镜表征银纳米粒子,研究了银纳米粒子对二苯并噻吩的吸附动力学和热力学特征;在前面的基础之上,用固相萃取法对样品中的二苯并噻吩进行快速定量。     

Impacts of national park tourism sites: a perceptual analysis from residents of three spatial levels of local communities in Banff national park

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Communities next to national parks, known as gateway communities, can benefit from national park development. Gateway communities are unique and...