光催化-臭氧氧化降解H酸的研究

采用光催化-臭氧氧化技术(催化膜/UV/O3)降解H酸.研究结果表明,光催化与臭氧氧化相结合具有明显的协同作用.实验进一步讨论了臭氧投加量、废水初始pH值和H酸初始浓度对光催化-臭氧氧化降解H酸的影响.降解后的H酸,萘环结构被破坏,可生化性提高.     

泥沙腐殖质荧光特性及其与双酚A和类固醇吸附的关系

用批处理的方法测定了泥沙碱性可提取腐殖质对双酚A(BPA)和两种典型类固醇(17β-雌二醇(E2)和17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2))的吸附规律,分析了泥沙碱性可提取腐殖质的荧光光谱特征;探讨了腐殖质荧光光谱特征与BPA、E2和EE2吸附的关系.结果表明,泥沙碱性可提取腐殖质占泥沙总有机碳含量的9.3%～27.1%,BPA、E2和EE2三种物质的标化分配系数logKoc(hs)值变化范围分别为:3.14～4.09、3.47～4.33和3.65～4.32,其平均值大小顺序为EE2＞E2＞BPA,与3种物质辛醇水分配系数大小顺序一致.不同泥沙碱性可提取腐殖质的荧光光谱都有2个特征峰,其位置分别在Ex/Em=(310～330nm)/(390～400 nm)(α)和Ex/Em=(250～260nm)/(400～450nm)(α');2个特征峰峰强度比值(Iα'/Iα)变化范围为0.46～1.64;而且,泥沙中富里酸的荧光光谱与碱性可提取腐殖质的类似.腐殖质荧光光谱特征峰α由相对稳定、高分子量的芳香性类富里酸物质产生,随着芳香性类富里酸物质含量的增加Iα'/Iα值减小,因此,BPA、E2和EE2三种物质的logKoc(hs)与Iα'/Iα值间存在线性关系.     

流态对活性污泥硝化性能及菌群结构的影响

生化反应器流态会影响基质分布,从而影响反应器内微生物的性能与菌群结构。在相同氮负荷下运行SBR和CSTR以对比分析2种典型流态(推流式和完全混合式)对活性污泥中硝化菌性能及其菌群结构的影响。结果表明,SBR中,氨氧化速率(AUR)和亚硝酸盐氧化速率(NUR)分别为(16.55±2.05)mg N/(L·g VSS·h)和(15.33±2.02)mg N/(L·g VSS·h),CSTR中AUR和NUR分别为(10.13±0.73)mg N/(L·g VSS·h)和(9.34±2.56)mg N/(L·g VSS·h);SBR中,氨氧化菌(AOB)和亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)含量分别为(3.4±0.3)%和(5.4±1.2)%,优势菌分别为Nitrosomonas europaea-Nitrosococcus mobilis lineage和Nitrobacter,CSTR中,AOB和NOB含量分别(3.1±0.4)%和(6.8±1.1)%,优势菌分别为Nitrosospira和Nitrospira。虽然2个流态下的硝化菌含量接近,但推流式的硝化速率比完全混合式高64%,这是因为推流式更有利于反应速率较快的r-strategist(Nitrosomonas europaea-Nitrosococcus mobilis lineage和Nitrobacter)生存,而完全混合式则更利于反应速率较慢K-strategist(Nitrosospira和Nitrospira)生存。     

Impacts of Social and Demographic Factors on Residents＇ Subjective Well-being in Rural China

The objective of social development is to construct a harmonious society.In China,the key to a harmonious society is the happiness of more than 900 million farmers living in the rural areas.This study aimed to measure rural residents' subjective well-being(SWB) through the day reconstruction method,as well as to analyze SWB's influencing factors through a variety of statistical methods.The results showed that the average U index was 12.79%,indicating that respondents were unhappy 12.79% of the time.Twenty-seven percent of the population had a U index greater than 0,with the average value being 47%,indicating that these people were unhappy 47% of the time.The study also found that SWB varied according to the characteristics of the respondents.Logistic regression analysis showed that social and demographic factors,including age,education,county,household size,generation number,per capita income,migration status and social networking,which significantly affected rural residents' SWB.The size of the impact varied with the different factors.     

一种未见报道的厌氧氨氧化菌分子生物学鉴定

以(NH4):SO4和NaNO2作为基质,富集厌氧氨氧化污泥.提取厌氧氨氧化污泥中细菌总DNA,纯化后使用特异性引物对厌氧氨氧化菌16S rDNA进行PCR扩增.扩增产物连接到pMD19-T载体,将载体转化到感受态细胞大肠杆菌JM109中,并对其16S rDNA基因进行测序.将测序结果进行系统发育树分析,发现富集得到的厌氧氨氧化菌与Candidatus Anammoxoglobus propionicus进化关系比较接近,是一种尚未见报道的厌氧氨氧化菌.     

雾霾天气颗粒污染物的特性及吸收气态污染物过程的分析

随着雾霾天气空气污染问题的日益突出,消除气候灾害,净化空气,引起了人们的关注.文章讨论了雾霾天气形成的条件、颗粒污染物的物化及运动特性,建立了气态污染物SO2在气溶胶颗粒内外流场扩散传质的数学物理模型;基于有限体积法数值分析了在雾霾天气由气溶胶颗粒物及气态污染物组成的大气系统中,气溶胶颗粒吸收气态污染物的过程.计算结果给出了气态污染物在气溶胶颗粒内部的富集度和传质饱和时间;讨论了随时间发展气溶胶颗粒内部SO2污染物浓度沿径向的分布情况,为发展有效的大气污染控制措施提供理论依据.     

Efficient degradation of chlorobenzene in a non-thermal plasma catalytic reactor supported on CeO2/HZSM-5 catalysts

Chlorobenzene removal was investigated in a non-thermal plasma reactor using CeO₂/HZSM-5 catalysts. The performance of catalysts was evaluated in terms of removal and energy efficiency. The decomposition products of chlorobenzene were analyzed. The results show that CeO₂/HZSM-5 exhibited a good catalytic activity, which resulted in enhancements of chlorobenzene removal, energy efficiency, and the formation of lower amounts of by-products. With regards to CO₂ selectivity, the presence of catalysts favors the oxidation of by-products, leading to a higher CO₂ selectivity. With respect to ozone, which is considered as an unavoidable by-product in air plasma reactors, a noticeable decrease in its concentration was observed in the presence of catalysts. Furthermore, the stability of the catalyst was investigated by analyzing the evolution of conversion in time. The experiment results indicated that CeO₂/HZSM-5 catalysts have excellent stability: chlorobenzene conversion only decreased from 78% to 60% after 75 hr, which means that the CeO₂/HZSM-5 suffered a slight deactivation. Some organic compounds and chlorinated intermediates were adsorbed or deposited on the catalysts surface as shown by the results of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses of the catalyst before and after the reaction, revealing the cause of catalyst deactivation.     

Characteristics of organic phosphorus fractions in different trophic sediments of lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River region and Southwestern Plateau, China

In this study, the characteristics of organic phosphorus (Po) fractions in sediments of six lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River region and Southwestern China Plateau, China were investigated using a soil Po fractionation scheme, and the relationships between Po, inorganic phosphorus (Pi) and pollution status were also discussed. The results show that the rank order of Po fractions was: residual Po>HCl-Po>fulvic acid-P>humic acid-P>NaHCO3-Po, with their average relative proportion 8.7:4.6:3.2:2.1:1.0. Po fractions, especially nonlabile Po, were significantly correlated with organic matter, Po and NaOH-Pi. Different distribution patterns of P fractions were observed in those two different regions. Po fractions in the heavily polluted sediments were higher than those in moderately and no polluted sediments, it is suggested that Po should be paid more attention in the lake eutrophication investigation.     

臭氧氧化对二级出水有机物(EfOM)特性机制的影响

开展了臭氧氧化对二级出水有机物(effluent organic matter,EfOM)的去除效能研究,并进一步采用超滤分离、三维荧光光谱等方法,系统研究了不同臭氧投加量下,EfOM的分子量分布、亲疏水特性以及荧光特性的变化规律。结果表明,臭氧化去除EfOM的效果有限,但能够有效分解二级出水中具有强烈紫外吸收的有机物。此外,臭氧能优先氧化分解二级出水中大分子有机物,有效提高二级出水的可生化性。臭氧氧化过程中,分子质量(molecular weight,MW)>100 kDa的有机物组分被完全氧化分解,10 kDa< MW< 100 kDa和1 kDa< MW< 10 kD的有机物组分含量总体呈下降趋势,而MW<1 kDa的有机物组分随臭氧投加时间的延长含量不断上升。臭氧化后,EfOM中疏水组分减少,亲水组分升高;酸性组分减少。随着臭氧投量的增加,蛋白质与腐殖酸类物质的荧光吸收强度迅速下降。