The New Standard Environmental Inventory Questionnaire for Estimation of Indoor Concentrations

Several investigators have developed indoor air quality questionnaires for use in field studies. The approach used in many of them have numerous features in common, but most of them are unique in their content (wording, format, item selection). It is thought that indoor air quality research could be greatly advanced if the primary or fundamental questions and instruments could be consolidated. The use of a basic set of "standard" questions would permit intercomparison of results from different research studies. It is generally agreed that environmental inventory questionnaires (EIQ) help to classify, at least in screening, relative concentration estimates, which precede exposure estimation. Thus, such instruments are not equivalent to monitoring for exposure assessment. However, data linkage and mega data bases are important for some comparative analyses of exposure assessment and exposure-response relationships. Standard instruments such as the EIQ are useful as a screening device to precede other tests to allow identification of potentially high exposure situations. They can also amplify information from other tests. General usage of standard questionnaires and protocols can lead to cumulative improvements in data collection, specificity and effectiveness. This has been the rationale for the present efforts by investigators to form a standardized environmental inventory questionnaire, under the auspices of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Gas Research Institute (GRI), and Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI).     

水化深度处理渗滤液尾水中的有机物

利用水泥的水化过程易受有机物影响的特点,采用硅酸盐水泥深度处理了垃圾渗滤液膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺出水,考察了不同因素,如投加量、初始pH、反应时间及振荡速率等对于渗滤液尾水中有机物的去除效果以及最佳工艺条件,并分析了渗滤液尾水中有机物的去除机理。结果表明,水化过程对渗滤液尾水中的有机物去除性能良好,且对不同有机物具有一定的选择性,尤其对具有近紫外区(200～400 nm)吸收峰特征的有机物去除效果更佳,同时发现,当投加量为50 g/L、pH=8.3(原渗滤液pH)、反应时间为24 h和振荡速度为200 r/min时,去除效果最佳,其COD、TOC和UV254的平均去除率分别达到55.6%、62.1%和68.8%。     

实验室信息管理系统在环境保护领域的建设与应用探讨

介绍了环境监测实验室的业务特点;概述了国内外实验室信息管理系统(LIMS)的发展现状;选择了适合环境监测业务的LIMS软件产品,并在此基础上作进一步开发以满足环境监测业务的可拓展性;提出了LIMS需要完善功能的建议.同时,指出在环境保护领域引入LIMS,在一定程度上提高了分析数据的准确性和环境监测实验室管理水平.     

浙江某水库大坝渗流安全综合分析

对浙江省某水库大坝的测压管观测资料进行了分析,建立了用来预报测点水位并能反映大坝实际渗流性态的统计模型。在此基础上结合观测资料采用有限元方法反演了坝体、坝基各分区的渗透系数,预测未来高水位时大坝的渗流性态,并建立了物理概念明确、预报效果较好的渗压确定性模型。     

SBR工艺运行条件对好氧污泥颗粒化和除磷效果的影响

采用模拟配制生活污水,研究循序间歇反应器(SBR)工艺在不同运行条件下对好氧污泥颗粒化和生物除磷效果的影响.试验分别对进水中不同COD/TN比(11.79,18.85,20.72,24.66)、COD/TP比(27.85,44.53,48.93、58.25)、TN/TP比(4.00,2.36,1.54)、温度(22℃,15℃,8℃)和污泥龄(16d,10d,5d)作比较,发现进水中较高的COD/TN比(24.66)、COD/TP比(58.25)、温度(22℃)和较低的污泥龄(10d)对生物除磷和颗粒的形成有利;适当的TN/TP比(2.36)、接种污泥的选择是好氧颗粒污泥形成的关键.     

废水毒性鉴别评价方法

废水毒性鉴别评价是１９８４年发展起来的一项新技术，目的是快速，简便地鉴别引起毒性的化学物质。包括毒物的分离，浓缩，样品分级，仪器分析，毒性追踪，相关性等技术，本方法分三个阶段：毒物特征，毒物鉴别、毒物确证。     

Size-resolved effective density of submicron particles during summertime in the rural atmosphere of Beijing, China

Particle density is an important physical property of atmospheric particles.The information on high time-resolution size-resolved particle density is essential for understanding the atmospheric physical and chemical aging processes of aerosols particles.In the present study,a centrifugal particle mass analyzer(CPMA) combined with a differential mobility analyzer(DMA) was deployed to determine the size-resolved effective density of 50 to 350 nm particles at a rural site of Beijing during summer 2016.The measured particle effective densities decreased with increasing particle sizes and ranged from 1.43 to 1.55 g/cm~3,on average.The effective particle density distributions were dominated by a mode peaked at around 1.5 g/cm~3 for 50 to350 nm particles.Extra modes with peaks at 1.0,0.8,and 0.6 g/cm3 for 150,240,and 350 nm particles,which might be freshly emitted soot particles,were observed during intensive primary emissions episodes.The particle effective densities showed a diurnal variation pattern,with higher values during daytime.A case study showed that the effective density of Aitken mode particles during the new particle formation(NPF) event decreased considerably,indicating the significant contribution of organics to new particle growth.     

Soil CO2 flux in relation to dissolved organic carbon, soil temperature and moisture in a subtropical arable soil of China

IntroductionCarbondioxide(CO2 ) ,concentrationofwhichinatmosphereisincreasingat 0 5%annually ,isthemostimportantgreenhousegascausingglobalwarming(Lal,1 995) .SoilCO2 evolutionfromsoilsisoneoftheimportantsourcesofatmosphericCO2 aswellasamainoutputpathwayofsoilorganiccarbonpool(SOC) (Eswaran ,1 993 ;Batjes,1 996;Mosier,1 998) .ApartfromcontributingCtotheatmosphere ,soilCO2 evolutioncanalsobeusedasanindexofunder groundprocesses,andoftheCcyclingcapacityofsoilecosystems.SoilCO2 evolutionge…     

过氧化氢/草酸铁体系太阳光催化降解染料废水的研究

以过氧化氢 /草酸铁络合物作光氧化剂 ,利用太阳光对 10种水溶性染料模拟废水进行了光氧化降解试验研究 ,发现在日光照射下 ,过氧化氢 /草酸铁络合物能使染料溶液迅速降解。以活性艳蓝KN R为代表 ,研究各种因素对光降解的影响。结果表明 ,溶液pH为 2 0～ 4 0时 ,光降解速率快 ;溶液中Fe3 + 与草酸根的摩尔比为 1∶3时 ,光解效果最好 ;提高H2 O2 浓度可以提高光降解速率 ,但H2 O2 的利用率会降低。     

旅游景区标识系统的个性化实现路径研究——以三峡车溪民俗旅游区为例

旅游景区标识系统在展示景区形象、引导和管理旅游者、提升旅游者体验等方面具有重要作用,规范化与个性化是其设计的基本要求.在阐明景区标识系统的个性化内涵基础上,探讨了基于文化符号的个性化实现路径;以三峡车溪民俗旅游区为例,对其标识系统进行了个性化改进设计,以期为景区标识系统个性化建设提供理论指导和经验借鉴.