四氮唑废水处理工艺设计

高浓度、高盐分的四氮唑生产废水通过三效蒸发浓缩,馏出液经铁炭氧微电解和混凝预处理,再采用水解酸化一接触氧化一反应二沉主体组合工艺进行处理。研究了该工艺所需构筑物和设备的设计与选型。该工艺在正常运行条件下,处理后出水pH6～9,COD 302mg／L,BOD5 108mg／L,SS30mg／L,色度36倍,水质达到GB8978--1996（污水综合排放标准》三级标准。     

Status and fuzzy comprehensive assessment of combined heavy metal and organo-chlorine pesticide pollution in the Taihu Lake region of China

The status of combined heavy metal and organo-chlorine pesticide (OCPs; i.e. HCH and DDT) pollution was investigated and the soil environmental quality of the Taihu Lake watershed, one of the most developed regions in China, was evaluated using a fuzzy comprehensive assessment. Statistical analyses showed the presence of combined pollution in the soil. At many sampling sites, heavy metal concentrations were above corresponding background values, indicating the effects of extraneous pollutants. It has been over 20 years since China banned the use of OCPs, but they can still be found in soil samples of this region. HCH levels at all investigated sites were below the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soils. Fuzzy comprehensive assessment showed that the overall soil quality in this region could be categorized as class I. Nevertheless, the high coefficients of variation for levels of DDT, Cd and Hg indicated the existence of some point-source pollution. Continuous monitoring and further studies of the region are recommended to prevent pollution of farmland from these sources.     

大气中SO2的液相氧化研究

大气中ＳＯ２液相氧化是形成酸雨的重要途径，降雨中含有各种无机离子和有机物质，它们可能催化或抑制液相氧化反应的进行。本文根据四川酸雨样品组成，进行了ＳＯ２在模拟雨水及实际雨水中的氧化实验，考查了Ｖ，Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ等离子对ＳＯ２氧化的催化作用，Ｈ２Ｏ２对ＳＯ２的氧化以及降水中有机物质甲醛对各反应的影响。实验结果为了解酸雨的成固，研究酸雨控制对策提供了科学依据。     

大气微生物与气象条件及大气污染物的灰色关联分析

根据大气微生物浓度、气象因子和大气污染理化因子的监测结果，应用灰色关联分析原理，分析研究大气微生物浓度与气象条件和大气污染物的关联程度，说明气象因子对各类微生物浓度的影响大于大气污染因子，特别是对耐高渗透压霉菌。     

两种水生昆虫头宽与基于图像分析的大小参数关系性分析

对于水生昆虫及其它生物而言,大小是一个重要的功能性状,但是头宽的测量特别耗时和受人为因素影响.随着计算机技术的发展,基于图像分析技术(一种快速测量大小的策略)可获得传统方式难以获得的大小参数,明确这些大小参数与头宽的关系,对推动这些参数的应用具有重要意义.选择两种个体大小差异较大的蜉蝣(梧州蜉和光滑细蜉)作为研究对象,对其头宽与基于数字图像获得的面积,周长,最小矩形的长和宽,最适合椭圆的长轴和短轴和粒径等个体大小参数的相关性进行研究.数字图像采用改进后的描述仪扫描获取;图像分析基于ImageJ软件完成;基于二元直线回归和多元直线回归分析各参数之间的相关性.各种层次的回归分析结果均表明:基于图像分析获得的两种蜉蝣所有个体大小参数均与头宽大小呈极其显著的正相关性,其中面积的相关性最高.并且面积与其它大小参数相关性也极其显著,对个体大小具有较好的代表性.研究结果为推动数字图像分析技术应用在水生昆虫及其它生物的生物学和生态学研究中提供了技术支持和理论依据.     

地质灾害专题地图编制研究

地质灾害专题制图是地质灾害系统研究成果的高层次综合。本文论述了地质灾害制图的目的、原则、特点、表示内容与方法,为规划决策提供地质灾害背景图件。     

燃煤电厂排放颗粒物中重金属形态的研究

本文分析用模拟酸雨浸提和Ｔｅｓｓｉｅｒ形态分离法，对燃煤电厂排放颗粒物中重金属形态进行了研究。结果表明，痕量金属绝大部分以稳定态存在，微米级飞灰中有较大活性的形态高于灰渣，煤燃烧高温条件使颗粒物中活性较大的形态含量减小。     

离子色谱法测定大气中的甲磺酸

建立了以玻璃纤维膜-KB120气溶胶采样器采集大气中甲磺酸的采样方法;以0.1mmol·l-1H3BO3/0.1mmol·l-1 Na2B4O7为淋洗液的甲磺酸离子色谱分析方法.分析方法的精密度和准确度分别为5%和4%.并实测了青岛冬季大气气溶胶中MSA,SO2-4和NO-3的平均浓度分别为0.10μg·m-3,30.40μg·m -3和17.98μg·m-3.     

污染土壤电动修复增强方法研究进展

污染土壤电动修复是一项新兴绿色原位修复技术。其原理是在土壤上施加直流电场 ,利用电迁移和电渗去除污染物 ,土壤pH、Zeta电位以及土壤化学性质等因素影响电动修复效果。为了提高修复效率和扩大电动修复应用范围 ,现在已经发展了针对不同类型土壤和污染物的增强修复技术。本文归纳总结了 1995年以来土壤电动修复中常用增强处理效果的 8种方法 ,即酸碱中和法、阳离子选择膜法、电渗析法、络合剂法、表面活性剂法、氧化 还原法、EK 生物联用和LasagnaTM法 ,且对每种方法的典型实验装置、增强原理、方法特点和适用范围等进行了分析和讨论 ,为以后的实验设计提供了有益的参考     

Key features of new particle formation events at background sites in China and their influence on cloud condensation nuclei

New particle formation (NPF) event at multi rural sites in China Identifying the characteristics of NPF event Comparing NPF event between clean and polluted conditions Quantifying contribution to the cloud condensation nuclei Implication of climate and air quality Long-term continuous measurements of particle number size distributions with mobility diameter sizes ranging from 3 to 800 nm were performed to study new particle formation (NPF) events at Shangdianzi (SDZ), Mt. Tai (TS), and Lin’an (LAN) stations representing the background atmospheric conditions in the North China Plain (NCP), Central East China (CEC), and Yangtze River Delta (YRD) regions, respectively. The mean formation rate of 3-nm particles was 6.3, 3.7, and 5.8 cm⁻³·s⁻¹, and the mean particle growth rate was 3.6, 6.0, and 6.2 nm·h⁻¹ at SDZ, TS, and LAN, respectively. The NPF event characteristics at the three sites indicate that there may be a stronger source of low volatile vapors and higher condensational sink of pre-existing particles in the YRD region. The formation rate of NPF events at these sites, as well as the condensation sink, is approximately 10 times higher than some results reported at rural/urban sites in western countries. However, the growth rates appear to be 1–2 times higher. Approximately 12%–17% of all NPF events with nucleated particles grow to a climate-relevant size (>50 nm). These kinds of NPF events were normally observed with higher growth rate than the other NPF cases. Generally, the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentration can be enhanced by approximately a factor of 2–6 on these event days. The mean value of the enhancement factor is lowest at LAN (2–3) and highest at SDZ (~4). NPF events have also been found to have greater impact on CCN production in China at the regional scale than in the other background sites worldwide.