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Duohong Chen Xinhui Bi Jinping Zhao Laiguo Chen Jihua Tan Bixian Mai Jiamo Fu Minghung Wong 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(3):1051-1057
Diurnal air samples were collected from the E-waste dismantling region Guiyu and the underwear industry region Chendian. This was the first report to present the diurnal variation of PBDEs in the atmosphere. The average concentrations of 11 PBDE congeners were 11,742 pg m−3 in the daytime, and 4830 pg m−3 at night in Guiyu, while the concentrations were lower in Chendian with 376 pg m−3 in the daytime, and 237 pg m−3 at night. BDE-209 accounted for 22% and 31.3% of the total PBDEs in Guiyu and Chendian, respectively. The diurnal variation trends of BDE-47, -99, -153, -183, and -209 were also analyzed in detail in the two regions. 相似文献
14.
Da Chen Bixian Mai Jie Song Eddy Y. Zeng 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(7):2023-2029
Little data are available on organochlorine contamination in Chinese terrestrial birds of prey. This study examined the presence of PCBs, DDTs and other organochlorine pesticides in various raptors from northern China. DDE exhibited the highest concentrations among targeted compounds. Greatest levels (23.5-1020 mg/kg lipid weight) were observed in Eurasian sparrowhawks. This may be due to their stopover in southeastern China, where high DDT and dicofol applications have been documented. Residential kestrels exhibited much lower DDE, but similar PCB and HCH concentrations. ΣTEQs and PCB-126/-77 concentration ratios exhibited significant positive correlations with ΣPCB concentrations, respectively. Similar results were also demonstrated by a meta-analysis of previously published data across avian species. Possible hepatic sequestration of coplanar PCB-77, -126, -169 and -118 was observed as liver TEQs increased in Eurasian sparrowhawks. These observations may indicate an induction of CYP1A enzymes, as a result of elevated contamination in some species. 相似文献
15.
Ting Zhang Wen-Long Yang She-Jun Chen Dian-Long Shi Hu Zhao Yi Ding Ye-Ru Huang Nan Li Yue Ren Bi-Xian Mai 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(8):5285-5295
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 25 surface sediments in three cities (Nantong, Wuxi, and Suzhou) in the Yangtze River Delta, eastern China were measured. The mean concentrations were 378, 45.8, 1.98, 4,002 ng/g for PBDEs, OCPs, PCBs, and PAHs, respectively. Their levels in the sediments in the three cities were generally consistent with the city industrialization. PBDEs and OCPs were markedly dominated by deca-BDE (>90 %) and DDTs (>70 %). A principle component analysis of the analytes identified three major factors suggesting different sources of the contaminants in the sediments. PBDEs and the organic carbon in the sediments have common sources from industrial activities; whereas OCPs and PCBs, correlated with the second factor, were mainly from historical sources. The third factor with loadings of PAHs is indicative of various combustion sources. Ecological risk assessment indicated that the potential highest risk is from DDTs, for which 22 sites exceed the effects range low (ERL) values and three sites exceed the effects range median (ERM) value. 相似文献
16.
三维电极法深度处理维生素生产废水 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用三维电极法对维生素废水进行深度处理,分别以钛涂钌铱板、铁板和不锈钢板作为电极阳极,石墨板作为电极阴极,柱状活性炭作为粒子电极,结果表明,当以钛涂钌铱板作为阳极,以粒径为1 mm的柱状活性炭作为粒子电极时电解效果最好,COD和色度去除率最高。实验选择电解电压、电极板间距、电解时间和初始pH值作为主要影响因素进行正交实验,实验研究证明,各因素的影响大小为电解电压>电极板间距>电解时间>初始pH值,得到的最佳参数组合分别为:电解电压为10 V,电极板间距为8 cm,电解时间为20 min,初始pH值为4,得到COD和色度最大去除率分别为59.5%和93.57%。 相似文献
17.
Increasing polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) contamination in sediment cores from the inner Clyde Estuary,UK 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christopher H. Vane Yun-Juan Ma She-Jun Chen Bi-Xian Mai 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(1):13-21
The concentrations of 16 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners in six short sediment cores from the Clyde Estuary
were determined by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry. Total PBDE concentrations ranged from 1 to 2,645 μg/kg and the average
concentration was 287 μg/kg. BDE-209 was the main congener and varied from 1 to 2,337 μg/kg. Elevated total PBDE concentrations
were observed close to the sediment surface in the uppermost 10 cm of four of the six sediment cores. Comparison of the down
core PBDE profiles revealed that the increase was driven by the accumulation of deca-BDE. Although the deca-BDE mix was dominant,
the presence of lower molecular weight congeners BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-183 and BDE-153 at most sediment intervals suggested
additional sources of penta-BDE and octa-BDE pollution. Changing PBDE source input was the major factor in influencing the
proportion of nona-brominated congeners, although other explanations such as post burial photo-debromination of BDE-209 cannot
be entirely discounted. A clear cascading to lower hepta-, hexa-, and penta-homologues was not found. The increase in total
PBDE concentrations and particularly the deca-BDE may possibly be ascribed to the use and subsequent disposal of electrical
appliances such as televisions and computers. In the Clyde sediments, the proportion of nona-brominated congeners was higher
than that reported for commercial mixtures. This might be due to changing sources of PBDEs or post burial photo-debromination
of BDE-209. 相似文献
18.
Quang NH Long NQ Lieu DB Mai TT Ha NT Nhan DD Hien PD 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2004,75(3):329-337
Fallout 239+240Pu, 238Pu, 90Sr and 137Cs inventories in surface soils were measured for 20 locations in northern Vietnam yielding the mean values (+/- standard error) of 26.5+/-3.8 Bq m(-2) for 239+240Pu, 1048+/-143 Bq m(-2) for 137Cs and 212+/-28 Bq m(-2) for 90Sr. The concentrations of 137Cs and plutonium isotopes strongly correlate with each other resulting in a stable 239+240Pu/137Cs inventory ratio of 0.025+/-0.002. Among soil parameters, organic matter and fulvic acids strongly correlate with caesium and plutonium isotopes, especially in the 0-10 cm layer. 137Cs and 239+240Pu are distributed rather similarly over the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm layers. At locations with high contents of sand (82-93%) along the South China Sea coast, the downward percolation by rainwater results in a higher accumulation of 239+240Pu and 137Cs in the 10-20 cm layer. The mean 137Cs/ 90Sr inventory ratio is 9.3+/-2.2, and the correlation is weak between these isotopes. 相似文献
19.
The wide application of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) has been argued to be critical to business success of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), especially to those in the developing countries. Drawing upon existing literature, this article will examine the determinants of ICTs application in SMEs in China based on data collected from interviews with top managers and/or owners of 70 SMEs. We identify 20 factors affecting ICTs application in SMEs in China and divide them into four broad categories, namely pressures, firm specific factors, technical factors and local milieu. We also pay special attention to the Chinese business environment affecting ICTs application. Our analysis shows that local ICT infrastructure, external pressures from competitors and ICT knowledge of employees are the determinants of Internet application by SMEs, while product characteristics and market target are important factors of e-commerce adoption. 相似文献
20.
洞庭湖水情受到长江和四水的综合影响,因此三峡水库蓄水运行必将对洞庭湖出口水位产生影响。通过构建模型对洞庭湖出口的水位过程进行模拟,以三峡出库日均流量、洞庭湖四水合成日均流量为输入,城陵矶站日水位过程为输出,以量化和分析城陵矶水位变化受三峡水库调度的影响。通过三峡入库流量代替出库流量,还原自然状态下的水位过程,并根据各调度方案计算的出库流量模拟各调度方案下城陵矶的水位变化过程。对比各调度方案下三峡水库蓄泄水对洞庭湖出口水位的影响可以发现:各蓄水方案对洞庭湖出口水位都造成了一定的影响,起蓄时间较早的方案影响时间较长,整体上平均水位变化也较大,但起蓄后水位变化较为平缓;起蓄时间较晚的方案影响时间较短,整体上平均水位变化相对较小,但起蓄后水位变化较为剧烈。考虑到不同年份和不同来水类型情况对洞庭湖出口水位的影响存在差异,各蓄水方案的优劣需要具体分析和讨论 相似文献