Studies on crop growth modelling and simulation models in China

There is a close relationship between agricultural production and environmental meteorological conditions. In the study of the correlation between them, the simulation models are paid more attention to the crop growth. In this paper the development of the studies on the crop growth dynamic simulation model in China is briefly reviewed. The relationships between meteorological conditions and each process of crop growth (such as photosynthesis, respiration, accumulation and distribution of assimilation products and growth of leaf area) are studied and simulated basing on the results from field experiments. Preliminary models for rice, wheat, maize and soybean have been developed, and some investigations about modelling methods, procedures and parameters in simulation models are made.     

毛发载体生物膜法对印染、化工废水脱色处理的试验研究

利用经特定脱脂处理后的毛发作载体,固定脱色混合菌。依赖毛发自身营养,不需外加营养物质,对印染和化工有色废水作脱色处理。试验研究结果表明,在一定pH和温度下,废水脱色率可稳定在85％以上;在低温或大于32℃时,仍可保持较高的脱色率,并可同时去除废水中的硫化物、氰化物、酚类等有毒有害污染物,其去除率>80％。     

生产工艺参数对高碳钢线材力学性能的影响

用正交试验的方法研究了不同工艺参数对高碳钢力学性能的影响.分析了82MnA钢线材的生产工艺参数.     

中小型钩锻件的一火成形与模具设计

一火成形是中小型模锻的发展方向,它既能提高锻件质量、模具寿命,又能提高生产效率、降低成本、便于管理。此文以船用集装箱紧固钩锻件为例,就其一火成形的工艺及模具设计进行分析、讨论,重点介绍其工艺步骤、模具设计方案及要求。     

Response of successive three generations of cotton,bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner),fed on cotton bolls under elevated CO_2

The growth,development and consumption of successive three generations of cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner),fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO_2(double-ambient vs.ambient)in open-top chambers were examined.Significant decreases in protein,total amino acid,water and nitrogen content and increases in free fatty acid were observed in cotton bolls.Changes in quality of cotton bolls affected the growth,development and food utilization of H.armigera.Significantly longer larval development duration in three successive generations and lower pupal weight of the second and third generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO_2.Significantly lower fecundity was also found in successive three generations of H.armigera fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO_2.The consumption per larva occurred significant increase in successive three generations and frass per larva were also significantly increased during the second and third generations under elevated CO_2.Significantly lower relative growth rate,efficiency of conversion of ingested food and significant higher relative consumption rate in successive three generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO_2.Significantly lower potential female fecundity,larval numbers and population consumption were found in the second and third generations of cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO_2.The integrative effect of higher larval mortality rate and lower adult fecundity resulted in significant decreases in potential population consumption in the latter two generations.The results show that elevated CO_2 adversely affects cotton bolls quality,which indicates the potential population dynamics and potential population consumption of cotton bollworm will alleviate the harm to the plants in the future rising CO_2 atmosphere.     

固-液异相催化剂在环境科学领域中的应用

异相催化是催化反应的重要组成部分，其应用十分广泛。固一液异相催化作为环境科学领域中的一项比较新颖的技术，在研究污染物在多介质环境中的迁移转化行为、开发受污染环境修复及污废水处理新技术等诸多方面都具有很大的发展潜力。因此，对不同类型固一液异相催化剂在环境科学领域的应用研究逐渐成为国内外环境科学领域的研究热点之一。其中，金属和金属氧化物因对某些氧化一还原反应具有较好的催化作用，在饮用水脱氮、污废水脱卤及深度氧化处理等水处理领域的应用较为广泛；固态酸催化剂能催化聚合、裂化、水解反应，因此与某些有机污染物的降解密切相关；将同相催化剂固定化为异相催化剂，同样成为新技术开发的方向之一；天然催化剂对污染物在多介质环境中行为影响的研究近年来也屡有发表。此外，载体因对催化剂的活性及应用具有重要影响，也日益受到关注。文章对环境科学领域中固一液异相催化剂的应用研究进行了综述。     

旱地长期施用锌肥对小麦吸锌及产量的影响

以17年的微量元素肥料定位试验为背景，研究了长期施用锌肥条件下小麦的需锌特点和增产效应。施人锌肥后，小麦对微量元素锌的吸收明显增加，籽粒中含锌量增加率为18．8％，秸秆含锌量增加率为41．1％。小麦吸锌量在收获期达最大值，收获期籽粒多吸收13．99g/hm^2，秸秆多吸收23．67g/hm^2，常态年锌肥增产率为4．3％。干旱年增产率为3．7％，丰水年增产率为4．1％。应根据小麦需锌特点和效应，合理施用锌肥。     

磷胁迫对水稻基因型根系形态及吸收铁锰铜锌的影响

采用营养液培养方法研究了缺磷胁迫下4种水稻基因型(90-90—1、金23A、90-68-1、CDR22)的根系形态变化情况及其吸收微量元素铁、锰、铜、锌的影响。结果表明，(1)磷胁迫下，每个基因型在磷胁迫下其根系形态发生了明显变化、如根长、根冠比均呈增加趋势，并且根表有红棕色铁氧化物膜包被。(2)磷胁迫下根系形态的变化影响了水稻对生长介质中铁、锰、铜、锌的吸收：正常水稻植株中铁、锰、锌的含量高于磷胁迫植株，其中磷营养状况对水稻吸收铁、锰影响最明显；而磷营养状况对水稻植株铜含量的影响与铁、锰、锌正好相反，且影响程度较小。     

重庆雾水

本文系统地叙述了雾水的采集与分析,统计分析了由于重庆大气污染造成雾水组分及时空分布的差异,对发展趋势也进行了分析.     

太阳能-TiO_2非均相光催化氧化染料污水脱色研究

采用开放式悬浮型光催化反应器，以太阳能中紫外光替代紫外灯，激发染料污水悬浮液中ＴｉＯ２产生ＯＨ自由基将染料催化氧化脱色，探讨了催化剂用量，催化剂活性，曝气，污水流速，反应器受辐射面积，Ｆｅ３＋离子等对染料污水脱色率的影响，实验结果表明：在一般晴天的条件下，经过２小时太阳能辐射后，阳离子蓝Ｘ－ＧＲＲＬ染料脱色率在８０％－９３％之间，说明太阳能是非均相光催化氧化染料污水脱色处理的有效紫外光源，太阳能非均相光催化氧化染料污水脱色处理是经济实用，效率高，很有发展前景的污水脱色处理技术