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111.
Jörg Luster Manoj Menon Sandra Hermle Rainer Schulin Madeleine S. Günthardt-Goerg Bernd Nowack 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2008,8(2):163-176
Soil translocation for recultivation of soil removed from construction sites and for the preparation of refilled lysimeters
inevitably involves disturbance of soil structure, and, if intermediate storage is included, also drying and rewetting of
the soil. We report on an experiment with model forest ecosystems, where uncontaminated forest subsoils were covered with
non-contaminated or freshly heavy metal (mainly Zn and Cu) contaminated topsoil in large lysimeters. Monitoring of the chemical
composition of the drainage water revealed two distinct soil conditioning phases. During an initial phase of about a year
strongly elevated nitrate and sulfate concentrations occurred that were attributed to a mineralisation flush caused by the
increased accessability of mineralisable nitrogen and sulfur in destroyed aggregates. These effects were significantly larger
in lysimeters with calcareous subsoil than in those with acidic subsoil. The second phase was characterised by a gradual decrease
in dissolved organic carbon and sulfate concentrations, in particular in the acidic subsoil. This decrease may be attributed
to the depletion of pools made accessible during aggregate destruction or the formation of new aggregates. These chemical
changes had only little effects on the concentrations of copper and zinc in the drainage water. Based on our results, it can
be concluded that large refilled lysimeters can be used for many purposes without risk of compromised results, if a conditioning
phase of about 1 year with sufficiently moist soil conditions is respected. Nevertheless, gradual changes in soil chemical
characteristics still occur after this initial phase. Implications for the recultivation of sites using relocated soils are
discussed. 相似文献
112.
A comparison of sediment quality guidelines for toxicity assessment in the Sunderban wetlands (Bay of Bengal, India) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Binelli A Sarkar SK Chatterjee M Riva C Parolini M Bhattacharya Bd Bhattacharya AK Satpathy KK 《Chemosphere》2008,73(7):1129-1137
The aim of this paper was to obtain the first screening ecotoxicological risk evaluation in the Sunderban wetlands, the largest prograding delta in the estuarine phase of the River Ganges. The characterization of exposure was conducted by means of an extensive survey of several persistent organic pollutants (PAHs, PCBs, DDTs, PBDEs, HCHs, HCB) measured in seven core sediments from the Sunderban wetlands, obtaining a dataset with more than 2200 analyses. The pollutant effects were assessed by the use of three different sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) previously developed in the literature to evaluate toxicity induced in sediment-dwelling organisms. The three different approaches chosen for risk assessment of the Sunderban were the consensus SQGs obtained by TEC (threshold effect concentration), PEC (probable effect concentration) and EEC (extreme effect concentration), the threshold/probable effect level (TEL/PEL) approach and, finally, the ERL-ERM guidelines, including the m-ERM-Q (mean ERM quotient). The evaluation of the toxicity induced by a mixture of the target pollutants indicated the importance of gamma-HCH contamination in the Sunderban sediments despite the very low concentrations measured in core sediments. A different sensitivity for toxicity assessment due to quality guidelines was obtained, as the consensus SQGs based on TEC were less conservative and protective than the TEL and ERL approaches, while the use of m-ERM-Q seems to be the most powerful tool to predict the toxicity related to a contaminant mixture. 相似文献
113.
A. V. M. Subba Rao Arun K. Shanker V. U. M. Rao V. Narsimha Rao A. K. Singh Pragyan Kumari C. B. Singh Praveen Kumar Verma P. Vijaya Kumar B. Bapuji Rao Rajkumar Dhakar M. A. Sarath Chandran C. V. Naidu J. L. Chaudhary Ch. Srinivasa Rao B. Venkateshwarlu 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2016,21(1):17-30
114.
115.
Dibyendu Rakshit Sejuti Naha Biswas Santosh Kumar Sarkar Bhaskar Deb Bhattacharya Nallamuthu Godhantaraman Kamala Kanta Satpathy 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(5):3063-3078
The study is the first documentation of seasonal variations in species composition, abundance and diversity of tintinnid (Ciliata: Protozoa), in relation to water quality parameters along the stretch of the Hooghly (Ganges) River Estuary (HRE), eastern coastal part of India. A total of 26 species (22 agglomerated and 4 non-agglomerated) belonging to 8 genera has been identified from 8 study sites where Tintinnopsis (17 species) represented the most dominant genera, contributing up to 65 % of total tintinnid community followed by Tintinnidium (2 species), Leprotintinnus (2 species) and Dadayiella, Favella, Metacylis, Eutintinnus and Helicostomella (each with solitary species). The maximum (1,666 ind.?l?1) and minimum (62 ind.?l?1) abundance of tintinnids was recorded during post-monsoon and monsoon, respectively. A distinct seasonal dynamics in terms of biomass (0.005–2.465 μg C l?1) and daily production rate (0.04–3.13 μg C l?1 day?1) was also noticed, accounting highest value during pre-monsoon. Chlorophyll a and nitrate were found to be potential causative factors for the seasonal variations of tintinnids as revealed by a stepwise multiple regression model. The result of ANOVA showed a significant variation between species abundance and months (F?=?2.36, P?≤?0.05). k-dominance curves were plotted to determine the comparison of tintinnid dominance between the investigated stations. Based on a principal component analysis (PCA), three main groups were delineated with tintinnid ciliates and environmental parameters. The changes in lorica morphology in terms of temperature and salinity, recorded for three dominant species, provided information on the ecological characteristics of the species assemblage in this estuarine system. 相似文献
116.
Degradation of flubendiamide as affected by microbial population count in two Indian soils (red and alluvial) varying in physicochemical properties was studied under sterile and non-sterile conditions. Recovery of flubendiamide in soil was in the range of 94.7–95.9 % at 0.5 and 1.0 μg g?1, respectively. The DT50 of flubendiamide at the level of 10 μg g?1 in red soil under sterile and non-sterile conditions was found to be 140.3 and 93.7 days, respectively, and in alluvial soil under sterile and non-sterile condition was 181.1 and 158.4 days, respectively. Residues of flubendiamide dissipated faster in red soil (non-sterile followed by sterile) as compared to alluvial (non-sterile soil followed by sterile soil). A wide difference in half-life of red and alluvial soil under sterile and non-sterile conditions indicated that the variation in physicochemical properties of red and alluvial soil as well as the presence of microbes play a great role for degradation of flubendiamide. The results revealed that slower-degrading alluvial soil possessed microbes with degradative capacity. The degradation rate in this soil was significantly reduced by some of its physicochemical characteristics, despite sterile and non-sterile conditions, which was faster in red soil. 相似文献
117.
Nagaraja P Prakash JS Asha SC Bhaskara BL Kumar SA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(10):5983-5988
A rapid, simple, accurate, and sensitive visible spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of hydrogen peroxide in acidic buffer medium is reported. The proposed method is based on the oxidative coupling of Ampyrone with dibenzazepin hydrochloride by hydrogen peroxide in the buffer medium of pH?4.0 which is catalyzed by ferrous iron. The blue-colored product formed with maximum absorption at 620?nm was found to be stable for 2?h. Beer's law is obeyed for hydrogen peroxide concentration in the range of 0.03-0.42?μg?ml(-1). The optimum reaction conditions and other important optical parameters are reported. The molar absorptive and Sandell's sensitivity are found to be 5.89?×?10(4)?mol(-1)?cm(-1) and 0.57?g/cm(2), respectively. The interference due to diverse ions and complexing agents was studied. The method is successfully applied to the determination of hydrogen peroxide in green plants satisfactorily. 相似文献
118.
Arsenic accumulation in native plants of West Bengal, India: prospects for phytoremediation but concerns with the use of medicinal plants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tripathi P Dwivedi S Mishra A Kumar A Dave R Srivastava S Shukla MK Srivastava PK Chakrabarty D Trivedi PK Tripathi RD 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):2617-2631
Arsenic (As) is a widespread environmental and food chain contaminant and class I, non-threshold carcinogen. Plants accumulate As due to ionic mimicry that is of importance as a measure of phytoremediation but of concern due to the use of plants in alternative medicine. The present study investigated As accumulation in native plants including some medicinal plants, from three districts [Chinsurah (Hoogly), Porbosthali (Bardhman), and Birnagar (Nadia)] of West Bengal, India, having a history of As pollution. A site-specific response was observed for Specific Arsenic Uptake (SAU; mg kg(-1) dw) in total number of 13 (8 aquatic and 5 terrestrial) collected plants. SAU was higher in aquatic plants (5-60 mg kg(-1) dw) than in terrestrial species (4-19 mg kg(-1) dw). The level of As was lower in medicinal plants (MPs) than in non-medicinal plants, however it was still beyond the WHO permissible limit (1 mg kg(-1) dw). The concentration of other elements (Cu, Zn, Se, and Pb) was found to be within prescribed limits in medicinal plants (MP). Among the aquatic plants, Marsilea showed the highest SAU (avg. 45 mg kg(-1) dw), however, transfer factor (TF) of As was the maximum in Centella asiatica (MP, avg. 1). Among the terrestrial plants, the maximum SAU and TF were demonstrated by Alternanthera ficoidea (avg. 15) and Phyllanthus amarus (MP, avg. 1.27), respectively. In conclusion, the direct use of MP or their by products for humans should not be practiced without proper regulation. In other way, one fern species (Marsilea) and some aquatic plants (Eichhornia crassipes and Cyperus difformis) might be suitable candidates for As phytoremediation of paddy fields. 相似文献
119.
Mike Williams Anupama Kumar Christoph Ort Michael G. Lawrence Adam Hambly Stuart J. Khan Rai Kookana 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(11):9321-9332
The assessment of potential impacts of wastewater effluent discharges in freshwater systems requires an understanding of the likely degrees of dilution and potential zones of influence. In this study, four tracers commonly present in wastewater effluents were monitored to compare their relative effectiveness in determining areas in freshwater systems that are likely to be impacted by effluent discharges. The four tracers selected were the human pharmaceutical carbamazepine, anthropogenic gadolinium, fluorescent-dissolved organic matter (fDOM), and electrical conductivity (EC). The four tracers were monitored longitudinally in two distinct freshwater systems receiving wastewater effluents, where one site had a high level of effluent dilution (effluent <1 % of total flow) and the other site had a low level of effluent dilution (effluent ~50 % of total flow). At both sites, the selected tracers exhibited a similar pattern of response intensity downstream of discharge points relative to undiluted wastewater effluent, although a number of anomalies were noted between the tracers. Both EC and fDOM are non-specific to human influences, and both had a high background response, relative to the highly sensitive carbamazepine and anthropogenic gadolinium responses, although the ease of measuring EC and fDOM would make them more adaptable in highly variable systems. However, the greater sensitivity and selectivity of carbamazepine and gadolinium would make their combination with EC and fDOM as tracers of wastewater effluent discharges highly desirable to overcome potential limitations of individual tracers. 相似文献
120.
Analysis of endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, and their nonpolar metabolites in extracts from environmental aqueous and soil samples was performed using a gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) technique. Full-scan GC–MS analysis showed poor sensitivity for some of the metabolites (endodiol and endosulfan ether). A multisegment MS/MS method was developed and MS/MS parameter isolation time, excitation time, excitation voltage, and maximum excitation energy were optimized for chosen precursor ions to enhance selectivity and sensitivity of the analysis. The use of MS/MS with optimized parameters quantified analytes with significantly higher accuracy, and detection limits were lowered to ~1/6th compared with the full-scan method. Co-eluting compounds, chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos oxon, were also analyzed successfully in the MS/MS mode by choosing exclusive precursor ions. Analysis of soil and water phase samples from contaminated soil slurry bioreactors showed that the MS/MS method could provide more reliable estimates of these pesticide and metabolites (especially those present in low concentrations) by annulling interferences from soil organic matter. 相似文献