Effects of plant species coexistence on soil enzyme activities and soil microbial community structure under Cd and Pb combined pollution

The relationship between plant species coexistence and soil microbial communities under heavy metal pollution has attracted much attention in ecology. However, whether plant species coexistence could o set the impacts of heavy metal combined pollution on soil microbial community structure and soil enzymes activities is not well studied. The modified ecological dose model and PCR-RAPD method were used to assess the e ects of two plant species coexistence on soil microbial community and enzymes activities subjected to Cd and Pb combined stress. The results indicated that monoculture and mixed culture would increased microbe populations under Cd and Pb combined stress, and the order of sensitivity of microbial community responding to heavy metal stress was: actinomycetes > bacteria > fungi. The respirations were significantly higher in planted soil than that in unplanted soil. The plant species coexistence could enhance soil enzyme activities under Cd and Pb combined. Furthermore, planted soil would be helpful to enhance soil genetic polymorphisms, but Cd and Pb pollution would cause a decrease on soil genetic polymorphisms. Mixed culture would increase the ecological dose 50% (ED50) values, and the ED50 values for soil enzyme activities decreased with increasing culture time. The dehydrogenase was most sensitive to metal addition and easily loses activity under low dose of heavy metal. However, it was di cult to fully inhibit the phoshpatase activity, and urease responded similarly with phosphatase.     

炼化企业应急响应系统建设探讨

从系统建设角度讨论了炼化企业应急响应系统的目标需求、建设内容、技术方法和系统特点。     

突发事件应急资源管理应考虑的几个问题

在进行突发事件应急处置时,需要迅速地将应急资源运送到指定地点,否则,可能会贻误战机,造成更大的影响和损失。应急资源的选址、配置、调度和补充是应急资源管理中应考虑的几个重要因素,它直接影响到应对突发事件的时效性,是应急管理中的主要决策问题之一。     

突发环境污染事故应急管理系统研究进展

突发环境污染事故应急管理系统被认为是应对事故的一种非常有前景的方法。本文讨论了构建该类系统的现实需求,并根据其关键模块所采用的技术,分类别地介绍了现有的突发环境污染事故应惠管理系统的开发情况和服务内容。在此基础上,指出了该领域尚未解决的问题,并对今后的研究前景进行了展望。     

微生物诱导微细粒硫化矿的絮凝浮选工艺研究

从湖南有色金属研究院采集的硫化金属矿渣中筛选出氧化亚铁硫杆菌,并将其应用于微细粒硫化矿的絮凝浮选实验研究。借助动电测定、微生物电镜观察研究了T.f菌与微细粒硫化矿在絮凝浮选实验中的作用形态。Zeta电位测定和微生物电镜观察结果表明,T.f菌在微细粒硫化矿表面形成了特效吸附;絮凝浮选数据表明,T.f菌作用后的微细粒硫化矿,Zn的品位提高到34%,回收率达到68.56%。这一研究为微细粒矿物废渣的资源回收提供了一条新的工艺路线。     

地震作用下三维抗滑桩加固土质边坡稳定性分析∗

基于三维抗滑桩加固边坡稳定性极限分析法,采用拟静力法分别对水平地震作用和竖向地震作用下的三维抗滑桩加固边坡稳定性进行了分析,得到以下结论:在水平地震力作用下,边坡的三维效应(限制宽度B/H)对抗滑桩的最有效位置几乎没有影响,但在较大水平地震强度下,最有效的桩位置更靠近边坡顶部;竖向地震力方向向下时(kv0),竖向地震强度绝对值|kv|越大,边坡临界滑动面会变浅,坡顶的破坏区域变小,最有效的桩位置随宽高比B/H的减小而越来越远离坡顶,但当竖向地震力方向向上时(kv0),竖向地震强度绝对值|kv|越大,边坡临界滑动面会变深,坡顶的破坏区域变大,最有效的桩位置随宽高比B/H的减小而越来越接近坡顶,并且三维边坡的安全系数要远大于二维解。     

城市交通诱发地面振动测试时域分析

针对日益严重的城市交通所引起的环境振动问题,主要基于广州火车站附近高架路诱发沿线地面振动的现场实测,并包括动车组通过时的测试,通过对实测数据进行深入分析,总结出高架路诱发环境振地的传播规律,在最小二乘准则条件下,提出了更加符合环境振动实际传播特征的衰减经验公式。分析结果表明:竖向振动幅值高出水平向较多,在评价环境振动时,应以竖向振动为主;高架路诱发环境振动和动车组诱发环境振动均呈现脉冲响应特征;高架路诱发环境振动随距桥墩距离增加,脉冲响应特征快速消失,而动车组诱发环境振动的这个特征则相对不明显;存在局部振动放大区域;相比传统经验衰减公式,本文提出的环境振动经验衰减公式更能反映实际环境振动波的传播特点。     

塔河县环境监测能力建设的必要性和可行性分析

文章从塔河县环境监测站现状出发,分析了塔河县环境监测能力建设的必要性和可行性,最后提出了塔河县环境监测站建设标准.     

Quantification of energy related industrial eco-efficiency of China

Improving eco-efficiency is propitious for saving resources and reducing emissions, and has become a popular route to sustainable development. We define two energy-related eco-efficiencies: energy efficiency (ENE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission-related eco-efficiency (GEE) using energy consumption and the associated GHG emissions as the environmental impacts. Using statistical data, we analyze China’s energy consumption and GHG emissions by industrial subsystem and sector, and estimate the ENE and GEE values for China in 2007 as 4.871×10⁷ US/PJ and 4.26×10 < sup > 8 < /sup > US/PJ and 4.26×10⁸ US/TgCO₂eq, respectively. Industry is the primary contributing subsystem of China’s economy, contributing 45.2% to the total economic production, using 79.6% of the energy consumed, and generating 91.4% of the total GHG emissions. We distinguish the individual contributions of the 39 industrial sectors to the national economy, overall energy consumption, and GHG emissions, and estimate their energyrelated eco-efficiencies. The results show that although ferrous metal production contributes only 3.5% to the national industrial economy, it consumes the most industrial energy (20% of total), contributes 16% to the total industrial global warming potential (GWP), and ranks third in GHG emissions. The power and heat sector ranks first in GHG emissions and contributes one-third of the total industrial GWP, although it only consumes about 8% of total industrial energy and, like ferrous metal production, contributes 3.5% to the national economy. The ENE of the ferrous metal and power and heat sectors are only 8 and 2.1×10⁷ US/PJ, while the GEE for these two sectors are 9 and 4×10 < sup > 4 < /sup > US/PJ, while the GEE for these two sectors are 9 and 4×10⁴ US/GgCO₂eq, respectively; these are nearly the lowest ENE and GEE values among all 39 industry sectors. Finally, we discuss the possibility of ecoefficiency improvement through a comparison with other countries.     

Atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment in China: A review and outlook

Accurate monitoring of the atmospheric environment and its evolution are important for understanding the sources, chemical mechanisms, and transport processes of air pollution and carbon emissions in China, and for regulatory and control purposes. This study gives an overview of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment in China and summarizes the major achievements obtained in recent years. China has made great progress in the development of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment with decades of effort. The manufacturing level of atmospheric environment monitoring equipment and the quality of products have steadily improved, and a technical & production system that can meet the requirements of routine monitoring activities has been initiated. It is expected that domestic atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment will be able to meet future demands for routine monitoring activities in China and provide scientific assistance for addressing air pollution problems.