一株产絮酵母菌废菌体对Cd2+的吸附特性

将一株产絮酵母菌(编号B-02号)发酵后的废菌体制成生物吸附剂,研究该生物吸附剂对废水中Cd2+的生物吸附特性。结果表明:(1)pH值对Cd2+会产生较大的影响,偏酸性(pH=4～6)条件利于吸附;该吸附剂对Cd2+吸附速率较快,8～10 min就可达到吸附平衡;(2)吸附剂的吸附动力学符合二级动力学模型,吸附Cd2+的实验数据对Langmuir等温式的拟合情况良好,吸附剂吸附Cd2+的最大吸附量为70.752 mg/g。用0.5 mol/L HNO3对吸附Cd2+的酵母菌进行解吸,解吸率可达89.7%。     

烟气同时脱硫脱氮生物膜填料塔的适用外加碳源

实验分别考察了外加乙酸钠、葡萄糖、酒石酸钾钠、甲醇等4种低分子有机碳源对生物膜填料塔烟气同时脱硫脱氮效率的影响。结果表明,外加乙酸钠的脱氮效果最佳,对NOx的平均去除率为62.05%;外加葡萄糖、酒石酸钾钠、甲醇时的NOx平均去除率分别为51.03%、46.98%、58.71%。乙酸钠、酒石酸钾钠、甲醇均能使SO2的去除率达到100%,葡萄糖显著降低了SO2的去除率。乙酸钠是在生物膜填料塔烟气同时脱硫脱氮技术中适宜的外加碳源。     

Changes in Soil Particulate Organic Matter, Microbial Biomass, and Activity Following Afforestation of Marginal Agricultural Lands in a Semi-Arid Area of Northeast China

Afforestation of agricultural lands has been one of the major land use changes in China in recent decades. To better understand the effect of such land use change on soil quality, we investigated selected soil physical, chemical and microbial properties (0–15 cm depth) in marginal agricultural land and a chronosequence of poplar (Populus euramericana cv. ‘N3016’) plantations (5-, 10-, 15- and 20-years old) in a semi-arid area of Northeast China. Soil bulk density significantly declined after conversion of agricultural lands to poplar plantations. Soil total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN) concentrations, microbial biomass C (MBC) and potential N mineralization rate (PNM) decreased initially following afforestation of agricultural lands, and then increased with stand development. However, soil metabolic quotient (qCO₂) exhibited a reverse trend. In addition, soil particulate organic matter C (POM-C) and N (POM-N) concentrations showed no significant changes in the first 10 years following afforestation, and then increased with stand age. These findings demonstrated that soil quality declined initially following afforestation of agricultural lands in semi-arid regions, and then recovered with stand development. Following 15 years of afforestation, many soil quality parameters recovered to the values found in agricultural land. We propose that change in soil quality with stand age should be considered in determining optimum rotation length of plantations and best management practices for afforestation programs.     

电力行业的节能减排与低碳经济

中国能源结构以煤为主,火电行业是碳排放量的主体,面对低碳经济的发展模式,电力行业势必将成为CO2减排的主力军。目前,火电行业通过"上大压小"政策,实现结构减排;通过提高电力工业的烟气脱硫,实现工程减排;通过扩大清洁能源的比例,减少煤炭消耗总量,实现总量减排。使用清洁能源是实现碳减排的有效途径。指出了电力行业"节能减排"的现状和措施,分析了电力行业在"低碳经济"中所面临的新形势,并对低碳电力技术的研究与运用进行了展望,阐述了通过利用清洁能源促进碳减排的迫切性和必要性。     

PEM式臭氧消毒在地上游泳池水处理中的应用

采用臭氧法水处理系统对地上游泳池的循环水进行灭菌消毒,研究了臭氧用量、循环水流量和运行时间等因素对臭氧法灭菌效果的影响。结果表明,3组PEM臭氧发生器应用于21.2 m3的地上游泳池,在4 m3/h的循环水流量下运行12 h后,水中的细菌总数与大肠杆菌群数达到国家标准,去除率均在99%以上。与盐电解法水处理系统相比较,臭氧法水处理系统的优势在于:杀菌快速高效、出水水质的理化指标较好和运行费用低廉。     

Parental phenols exposure and spontaneous abortion in Chinese population residing in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

Widespread use of phenols has led to ubiquitous exposure to phenols. In experimental animals, phenols increased resorptions, reduced live litter size and fetal body weights. However, there are limited epidemiological evidences of the relationships between exposure to phenols and pregnancy outcomes. We evaluated the associations between parental urinary levels of various phenols and spontaneous abortion in a Chinese population residing in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. A case-control study was conducted that included 70 case couples with medically unexplained spontaneous abortion and 180 control couples who did not have a history of spontaneous abortion and had at least one living child. Both parental urinary phenols were measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry including bisphenol A (BPA), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), 2,3,4-trichlorophenol (2,3,4-TCP), pentachlorophenol (PCP), 4-n-octylphenol (4-n-OP) and 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP). Compared with the low exposure group, there was an increased risk of spontaneous abortion with high paternal urinary PCP concentration [odds ratio (OR) = 2.09, 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.05–4.14], and maternal exposure to 4-n-OP and alkylphenol(s) also significantly increased the risk of spontaneous abortion (OR = 2.21, 95% CI, 1.02–4.80; OR = 2.81, 95% CI, 1.39–5.65, respectively). Our study firstly provides the evidence that paternal PCP exposure, maternal 4-n-OP and alkylphenol(s) exposure are associated with spontaneous abortion in humans.     

杂多酸水溶液脱除烟气中SO2的性能研究

合成了H3PMo12O40、H4SiW12O40、H3PW12O40、H4PMo11VO40、H5PMo10V2O40和H6PMo9V3O406种杂多酸,分别采用红外光谱（FT-IR）和X射线衍射（XRD）表征杂多酸的结构,并采用气相色谱仪对6种杂多酸水溶液进行脱硫实验测试。实验结果表明：制备的6种杂多酸具有良好的Keggin型结构;H3PMo12O40、H3PW12O40和H4SiW12O40的3种水溶液中,磷钼杂多酸的脱硫性能最好,脱硫率在120 min时可达到16.38%;不同比例的多原子也会使杂多酸有不同的脱硫性能,脱硫性能顺序为：H6PMo9V3O40〉H5PMo10V2O40〉H4PMo11VO40;且6种杂多酸的脱硫稳定性的顺序为：H4PMo11VO40〉H6PMo9V3O40〉H3PMo12O40〉H5PMo10V2O40〉H4SiW12O40≈H3PW12O40。     

地震部门在大型海港建设中的作用

位于长江北翼、黄海之滨的江苏省如东县海域内拥有一条纯天然深水航道（古长江人海口）,一般水深均在-17米以上,港口水深-20- -30米左右,且直通外海、航道、港池和人工岛,是江苏唯一可建10万-20万吨级国际深水大港的理想港址,是长江三角洲地区乃至全国极其珍贵的建港资源。经过十多年的前期基础工作努力,为适应江苏省经济发展迫切需要大港的愿望,     

Role of cosubstrate and bioaccessibility played in the enhanced anaerobic biodegradation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in a paddy soil by nitrate and methyl-β-cyclodextrin amendments

The present study was conducted to investigate the anaerobic biodegradation potential of biostimulation by nitrate (KNO₃) and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD) addition on an aged organochlorine pesticide (OCP)-contaminated paddy soil. After 180 days of incubation, total OCP biodegradation was highest in soil receiving the addition of nitrate and MCD simultaneously and then followed by nitrate addition, MCD addition, and control. The highest biodegradation of chlordanes, hexachlorocyclohexanes, endosulfans, and total OCPs was 74.3, 63.5, 51.2, and 65.1 %, respectively. Meanwhile, MCD addition significantly increased OCP bioaccessibility (p?<?0.05) evaluated by Tenax TA extraction and a three-compartment model method. Moreover, the addition of nitrate and MCD also obtained the highest values of soil microbial activities, including soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, ATP production, denitrifying bacteria count, and nitrate reductase activity. Such similar trend between OCP biodegradation and soil-denitrifying activities suggests a close relationship between OCP biodegradation and N cycling and the indirect/direct involvement of soil microorganisms, especially denitrifying microorganisms in the anaerobic biodegradation of OCPs.     

自然灾害灾情划分指标研究

本文阐述了灾情分析中的两个基本方面，即损失的规模和损失的深度，提出了灾级和灾度的概念，对于影响灾级和灾度的主要指标也进行了分析。并就时间和空间变化对灾级划分界线的影响作了论述。