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211.
Marcelo H. Cassini 《Conservation biology》2023,37(2):e14037
The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) proposes the use of the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa to standardize the classification of introduced species (IS) based on their environmental impact. The IUCN invoked the precautionary principle (PP) via 2 rules: the impact assigned to a taxon must be the maximum recorded impact across different impact assessments, and when the main driver of environmental damage is unclear, it must be assumed to be caused by the IS. The validity of PP is conditioned on the degree of emergency that warrants urgent decisions and on the scientific evidence demonstrating the advantages of applying a preventive measure. The application of an impact classification system does not arise in the context of an emergency that requires management; it occurs before the decision-making phase. Thus, PP should not be used in early steps of the risk analysis process. The IUCN also did not provide enough scientific basis to justify the use of PP. Instead, the PP rules appear to be rooted primarily in the ethical value system underlying conservation science. Conservationists assign intrinsic value to native species by virtue of their roles and relationships within ecological and evolutionary systems and processes; thus, individuals introduced in new environments not only cease to have value because they are no longer part of that natural diversity and lack those links with the rest of the ecosystem, but they become a threat to what conservationists value most. The consequence of this belief is that all introduced taxa will have an impact at some level, suggesting that values justify the PP rules. 相似文献
212.
Delesposte Jamile Eleutério Rangel Luís Alberto Duncan Meiriño Marcelo Jasmim Narcizo Ramon Baptista Alencar Junior André Armando Mendonça de 《The Environmentalist》2021,41(4):501-522
Environment Systems and Decisions - Sustainable innovation has gained prominence in recent years, due to the demands imposed by global competition, social pressures and the needs of consumers and... 相似文献
213.
Nicholas Joseph Tavares da Cruz Álvaro Guillermo Rojas Lezana Paulo da Cruz Freire dos Santos Ibsen Mateus Bittencourt Santana Pinto Claudio Zancan Gustavo Henrique Silva de Souza 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(31):24121-24134
Cemeteries and crematoria are the main funeral ways used in the world nowadays. It is a little-studied segment in the present days, mainly as for the possible environmental impacts in the environment, such as those derived from dental amalgam, prostheses, and dioxins, among other. This article aimed to identify the environmental impacts caused by cemeteries and crematoria and to point out new trends in funeral processes such as freeze-drying and alkaline hydrolysis. The study is justified due to the large part of the Brazilian population that do not know the environmental impacts caused by cemeteries and crematoria, as well as to bring information about the new processes. For that, a research was carried out with 400 people. The main results show that among all the funeral processes, the new freeze-drying process was opted by 33% of the sample. We also identified that the main reasons for choosing the funeral process were less environmental impact (28%), no after-death expenses (grave payment) (16.1%), and the possibility of putting away or throwing away the remains wherever you want (14.9%). Finally, new funeral processes were well accepted by the Brazilian population—those who were interviewed—due to their benefits. 相似文献
214.
Tarcisio Abreu Saurin Mara Grando Costella Marcelo Fabiano Costella 《Safety Science》2010,48(4):422-429
The objective of this study was to propose improvements in an algorithm for classifying error types of front-line workers. The improvements involved: (a) making recommendations on organizing the data needed to apply the algorithm (e.g. identify actions and decisions that may serve as a reference for analysing the types of errors) and (b) drawing up guidelines for interpreting the questions that are part of the algorithm (e.g. how to define what counts as a procedure). The improvements were identified on the basis of testing the algorithm on construction sites, an environment in which it had not yet been implemented. Thus, 19 occupational accidents which had occurred in a small-sized construction company were investigated and the error types of both workers who had been injured and crew members were classified. The accidents investigated were used as a basis both to illustrate how the improvements proposed should be put in practice and to illustrate how practical insights for safety management might be derived from the algorithm. 相似文献
215.
216.
Individual-level variation in resource use occurs in a broad array of vertebrate and invertebrate taxa and may have important
ecological and evolutionary implications. In this study, we measured the degree of individual-level variation in prey preference
of the hunting wasp Trypoxylon albonigrum, which inhabits the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. This wasp captures several orb-weaving spider genera to provision
nests. Individuals consistently specialized on a narrow subset of the prey taxa consumed by the population, indicating the
existence of significant individual-level variation in prey preferences. The population niche was broader in the wet season
in terms of both prey size and taxa. In the case of prey size, the population niche expansion was achieved via increased individual
niche breadths, whereas in the case of prey taxa, individual niches remained relatively constrained, and the population niche
expanded via increased interindividual variation. The observed pattern suggests the possibility of functional trade-offs associated
with the taxon of the consumed prey. The nature of the trade-offs remains unknown, but they are likely related to learning
in searching and/or handling prey. We hypothesize that by specializing on specific prey taxa, individuals increase foraging
efficiency, reducing foraging time and ultimately increasing reproductive success. 相似文献
217.
Wastewater irrigation is an environmentally sound wastewater disposal practice, but sewage is more saline than the supplied fresh water and the salts are recycled together with the water. Salts have negative environmental effects on crops, soils, and groundwater. There are no inexpensive ways to remove the salts once they enter sewage, and the prevention of sewage salt enrichment is the most immediately available solution. The body of initiatives presently structured by the Ministry of the Environment of Israel are herein described, with the aim to contribute to the search for a long-term solution of salinity problems in arid countries. The new initiatives are based on: (1) search for new technologies to reduce salt consumption and discharge into sewage; (2) different technologies to cope with different situations; (3) raising the awareness of the public and industry on the environmental implications of salinity pollution; and (4) an elastic legal approach expressed through new state-of-the-art regulations. The main contributor to the salinity of sewage in Israel is the watersoftening process followed by the meat koshering process. Some of the adopted technical solutions are: the discharge of the brine into the sea, the substitution of sodium by potassium salts in the ion-exchangers, the construction of centralized systems for the supply of soft water in industrial areas, the precipitation of Ca and Mg in the effluents from ion-exchangers and recycling of the NaCI solution, a reduction of the discharge of salts by the meat koshering process, and new membrane technology for salt recovery. 相似文献
218.
Abdolzadeh Morteza Alimolaei Ehssan Pustelnik Marcelo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(24):24552-24569
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the present study, an underfloor air distribution (UFAD) system with a circular swirl diffuser was simulated in an office room using a... 相似文献
219.
Marcelo Perantoni Darci M. S. Esquivel Eliane Wajnberg Daniel Acosta-Avalos Geraldo Cernicchiaro Henrique Lins de Barros 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(6):685-690
Magnetotactic microorganisms use the interaction of internal biomineralized nanoparticles with the geomagnetic field to orientate.
The movement of the magnetotactic multicellular prokaryote Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis under an applied magnetic field was observed. A method using digital image processing techniques
was used to track the organism trajectory to simultaneously obtain its body radius, velocity, U-turn diameter, and the reorientation
time. The magnetic moment was calculated using a self-consistent method. The distribution of magnetic moments and radii present
two well-characterized peaks at (9 ± 2) × 10−15 and (20 ± 3) × 10−15 A m2 and (3.6 ± 0.1) and (4.3 ± 0.1) μm, respectively. For the first time, simultaneous determination of the distribution of the
organism radii and magnetic moment was obtained from the U-turn method by a new digital imaging processing. The bimodal distributions
support an organism reproduction process model based on electron microscopy observations. These results corroborate the prokaryote
multicellular hypothesis for Candidatus M. multicellularis. 相似文献
220.
Melo Mikhael Rangel de Souza Dias Nildo da Silva de Medeiros Igor José Nascimento Travassos Kaline Dantas Miranda Neyton de Oliveira Gurgel Marcelo Tavares Lemos Neto Hozano de Souza Fernandes Cleyton dos Santos 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(31):38537-38544
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In a context of scarcity of good quality water, reuse is a mandatory practice to increase water availability, thus allowing the exploitation of more... 相似文献