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81.
Martínez-Pérez Mariana Arenas-Huertero Francisco Cortés-Eslava Josefina Morton-Bermea Ofelia Gómez-Arroyo Sandra 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(24):31032-31042
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Evaluate the effect of heavy metals (HM) on sentinel organisms such as vascular plants represent a model to estimate toxic hazard due to environmental... 相似文献
82.
Griselda V. Garaffo Silvana L. Dans Susana N. Pedraza Enrique A. Crespo Mariana Degrati 《Marine Biology》2007,152(1):165-177
Off Patagonian coasts, Argentina, the dusky dolphin is one of the most common small cetaceans. This species is the aim of
newly developed watching activities during summer in Golfo Nuevo. However, the real occurrence and movement pattern are unknown.
The objectives of this work were to investigate the predictability of dusky dolphin distribution, group structure and behaviour
in the western portion of Golfo Nuevo, with respect to environmental features (bottom depth, bottom slope, distance from shore
and substrate). Random transects in the bay were searched by small boat during the summer and autumn of 2001–2004. When a
group of dolphins was sighted, estimates of group size, composition (mothers with calves, adults and juveniles only, and mixed
groups) and the predominant activity (feeding, travelling, socialising, resting and milling) were recorded and thereafter at 2 min intervals. A grid of 1.5 × 1.5 km was constructed and each cell was characterised
by environmental features, Area Use Index (percent of total annual search effort) and Activity Index (predominant behaviour
of groups observed in that cell). Mothers with calves and smaller groups and resting behaviour occurred in shallowest waters supporting the idea/hypothesis that movement to shallower water is related to increased
safety for individuals. Travelling occurred in the deepest areas with other behaviours observed in intermediate depths. Dolphin distribution within the bay
differed significantly between years, but this was not related to any of the factors analysed in this study. Although there
was considerable variation between years, in general, dolphins were found in deeper waters further from shore (except for
mother–calf groups) and over areas with steeper seafloor gradient. The high variability in the distribution of the animals
does not allow for the generation of a simple, area-specific management plan. 相似文献
83.
E.?A.?PakhomovEmail author J.?W.?McClelland K.?Bernard S.?Kaehler J.?P.?Montoya 《Marine Biology》2004,144(2):317-325
Spatial and temporal dynamics of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures of the bottom-dwelling caridean shrimp Nauticaris marionis were measured during April and May between 1984 and 2000 in the vicinity of Marion Island (the Prince Edward Islands, Southern Ocean). There was one trophic-level enrichment in bulk 15N and 13C signatures between small (<20 mm long) and large (>20 mm) specimens of N. marionis, suggesting distinct trophic differentiation among major shrimp size groups. Both 15N and 13C values of N. marionis increased with the depth, reflecting changes in their diet. There were no clear temporal trends in bulk 15N signatures of N. marionis. However, compound-specific 15N measurements of amino acids indicated that N. marionis from the inter-island realm occupied the trophic level of second order carnivores, while similarly sized shrimps in the near-shore realm were at the trophic level of first order carnivores. Compound-specific measurements also identified a change in the source of inorganic nitrogen at the base of the food web between the inter-island and near-shore realms. In contrast to the bulk 15N values, a significant shift in bulk 13C values of N. marionis was observed between 1984 and more recent years. This temporal change appears to be linked to changes in the overall productivity of the Prince Edward Island inter-island system, which could be linked to global climate change.Communicated by J.P. Thorpe, Port Erin 相似文献
84.
This paper addresses, what determines that experienced forager honeybees return to places where they have previously exploited nectar. Although there was already some evidence that dance and trophallaxis can cause bees to return to feed, the fraction of unemployed foragers that follow dance or receive food from employed foragers before revisiting the feeder was unknown. We found that 27% of the experienced foragers had no contact with the returning foragers inside the hive. The most common interactions were dance following (64%) and trophallaxis (21%). The great variability found in the amount of interactions suggests that individual bees require different stimulation before changing to the foraging mode. This broad disparity negatively correlated with the number of days after marking at the feeder, a variable that is closely related to the foraging experience, suggesting that a temporal variable might affect the decision-making in reactivated foragers. 相似文献
85.
The deep, ultraoligotrophic piedmont lakes of Northern Patagonia (Argentina) are located in pristine and barely impacted areas, along a wide latitudinal range. Several studies have reported moderate to high total mercury (Hg) concentrations and contrasting methylmercury (CH3Hg+) production in different lake compartments. Sources of Hg for western Patagonian terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are still not clear; while point sources can be ruled out and atmospheric deposition is a plausible source, along with contribution from active volcanic areas of the Andes. In this investigation, we reported a noticeably seasonal, spatial (between lake branches), and vertical (between water column strata) heterogeneity in the total Hg concentrations found in the pelagic zone of Lake Moreno. Sterile water samples taken in a depth profile of the lake showed moderate to high concentrations of CH3Hg+ in autumn with a decreasing trend with depth. Our results indicated that Hg is largely allocated in the plankton fraction between 10–53 μm; which dominated within the euphotic (epilimnetic) zone of the lake due to the high densities attained by two species of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium. The 53–200 μm planktonic size fraction (comprising rotifers, ciliates and immature stages of crustaceans) and the 200 μm fraction (calanoid copepods and cladocerans) were found to bear strikingly lower total Hg concentrations, suggesting that the magnification of Hg at the planktonic consumer level is negligible. 相似文献
86.
A global evaluation of metabolic theory as an explanation for terrestrial species richness gradients 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Hawkins BA Albuquerque FS Araujo MB Beck J Bini LM Cabrero-Sañudo FJ Castro-Parga I Diniz-Filho JA Ferrer-Castan D Field R Gómez JF Hortal J Kerr JT Kitching IJ León-Cortés JL Lobo JM Montoya D Moreno JC Olalla-Tárraga MA Pausas JG Qian H Rahbek C Rodríguez MA Sanders NJ Williams P 《Ecology》2007,88(8):1877-1888
We compiled 46 broadscale data sets of species richness for a wide range of terrestrial plant, invertebrate, and ectothermic vertebrate groups in all parts of the world to test the ability of metabolic theory to account for observed diversity gradients. The theory makes two related predictions: (1) In-transformed richness is linearly associated with a linear, inverse transformation of annual temperature, and (2) the slope of the relationship is near -0.65. Of the 46 data sets, 14 had no significant relationship; of the remaining 32, nine were linear, meeting prediction 1. Model I (ordinary least squares, OLS) and model II (reduced major axis, RMA) regressions then tested the linear slopes against prediction 2. In the 23 data sets having nonlinear relationships between richness and temperature, split-line regression divided the data into linear components, and regressions were done on each component to test prediction 2 for subsets of the data. Of the 46 data sets analyzed in their entirety using OLS regression, one was consistent with metabolic theory (meeting both predictions), and one was possibly consistent. Using RMA regression, no data sets were consistent. Of 67 analyses of prediction 2 using OLS regression on all linear data sets and subsets, two were consistent with the prediction, and four were possibly consistent. Using RMA regression, one was consistent (albeit weakly), and four were possibly consistent. We also found that the relationship between richness and temperature is both taxonomically and geographically conditional, and there is no evidence for a universal response of diversity to temperature. Meta-analyses confirmed significant heterogeneity in slopes among data sets, and the combined slopes across studies were significantly lower than the range of slopes predicted by metabolic theory based on both OLS and RMA regressions. We conclude that metabolic theory, as currently formulated, is a poor predictor of observed diversity gradients in most terrestrial systems. 相似文献
87.
Heavy metal pollution of aqueous effluents is a matter of widespread concern. The use of low-cost materials for the adsorption of heavy metals seems to be a suitable choice for waste water treatment. Polyporus tenuiculus, easily cultivated on lignocellulosic waste, was assayed for Cu, Pb and Cd removal from aqueous solutions. Pb was removed more efficiently. Kinetics studies suggested a pseudo-second-order reaction and equilibrium was reached in ~ 30 min in all cases. The metal-sorption data were analysed according to several two-parameter isotherms. Data better fitted the Langmuir model for the three metals. A great dependence of metal adsorption with pH was observed. Characterisation of both the biomass and the complex metal-biomass was performed by FT-IR and SEM-EDX. Results suggest an ion exchange mechanism. 相似文献
88.
Solarte-Toro Juan Camilo Ortiz-Sanchez Mariana Cardona Alzate Carlos Ariel 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(4):8790-8808
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The objective of this study is to compare the environmental and social performance of two small-scale avocado biorefineries implanted in a rural zone... 相似文献
89.
RP Pizzolitto MR Armando M Combina LR Cavaglieri AM Dalcero MA Salvano 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2012,47(10):933-941
In this study the aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) removal capacity, the tolerance to salivary and gastrointestinal conditions, autoaggregation and coaggregation with pathogenic bacteria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from broiler feces, were evaluated. Only four of twelve isolated strains were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae using molecular techniques. The results obtained in AFB(1) binding studies indicated that the amount of AFB(1) removed was both strain and mycotoxin-concentration dependent. Therefore, a theoretical model was applied in order to select the most efficient strain to remove AFB(1) in a wide range of mycotoxin concentration. The results indicated that S. cerevisiae 08 and S. cerevisiae 01 strains were the most efficient microorganisms in the mycotoxin removal. Viability on simulated salivary and gastrointestinal conditions was investigated and S. cerevisiae 08 strain showed the best results, achieving 98% of total survival whereas S. cerevisiae 01 reached only 75%. Autoaggregation and coaggregation assays showed S. cerevisiae 08 as the most appropriate strain, mainly because it was the unique strain able to coaggregate with the four bacterial pathogens assayed. Consequently, S. cerevisiae 08 is the best candidate for future in vivo studies useful to prevent aflatoxicosis. Further quantitative in vitro and in vivo studies are required to evaluate the real impact of yeast-binding activity on the bioavailability of AFB(1) in poultry. However, this study could be useful in selecting efficient strains in terms of AFB(1) binding and provide an important contribution to research into microorganisms with potential probiotic effects on the host. 相似文献
90.