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51.
Kharroubi A Gargouri D Baati H Azri C 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(6):4001-4014
Concentrations of selected heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe) in surface sediments from 66 sites in both northern and
eastern Mediterranean Sea–Boughrara lagoon exchange areas (southeastern Tunisia) were studied in order to understand current
metal contamination due to the urbanization and economic development of nearby several coastal regions of the Gulf of Gabès.
Multiple approaches were applied for the sediment quality assessment. These approaches were based on GIS coupled with chemometric
methods (enrichment factors, geoaccumulation index, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis). Enrichment factors
and principal component analysis revealed two distinct groups of metals. The first group corresponded to Fe and Mn derived
from natural sources, and the second group contained Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu originated from man-made sources. For these latter
metals, cluster analysis showed two distinct distributions in the selected areas. They were attributed to temporal and spatial
variations of contaminant sources input. The geoaccumulation index (I
geo) values explained that only Cd, Pb, and Cu can be considered as moderate to extreme pollutants in the studied sediments. 相似文献
52.
Smederevac-Lalić M Pešić R Cvejić S Simonović P 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):2633-2646
The multidisciplinary socio-economic study of fisheries in the bordering part of the Danube River between Serbia and Croatia (at the following sites: Apatin, Ba?ka Palanka, Ba?ko Novo Selo, Bezdan, and Sombor) that was performed in order to investigate various aspects of fish resource utilization (management, policy of protection and exploitation of freshwater fishery resources, present fisheries legislation, catch statistics), was realized during 2004 and 2005. Data were collected via survey with a structured interview. Socio-economic circumstances, together with ecological factors, have had an influence on the fish stock and number of commercial fishermen. Awareness of the occurring problems, both economic and ecological ones, is apparent, regardless of whether it is assessed in the field of commercial or recreational fishing. Fishery sector in Serbia is in a prolonged process of transition, with the enforcement of fishing regulations, but also the lack of control that leaves space for illegal commercial fishing. The statements, consciousness, experience and behavior of commercial fishermen represent a good basis for planning the sustainable development of fishing in this section of the Danube River. 相似文献
53.
A differential pulse polarography (DPP) for the simultaneous determination of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol was proposed.
It was found that under optimum experimental conditions (pH = 5, scan rate = 5 mV/s, pulse amplitude = −50 mV), 2-nitrophenol
and 4-nitrophenol had well-defined polarographic reduction waves with peak potentials at −317 and −406 mV, respectively. In
the mixture of two compounds overlapping polarographic peaks were observed. In this study, support vector regression (SVR)
was applied to resolve the overlapped polarograms. Furthermore, a comparison was made between the performance of SVR and partial
least square (PLS) on data set. The results demonstrated that SVR is a better well-performing alternative for the analysis
and modeling of DPP data than the commonly applied PLS technique. The proposed method was used for the determination of 2-nitrophenol
and 4-nitrophenol in industrial waste water. 相似文献
54.
Assessment of drinking water quality using ICP-MS and microbiological methods in the Bholakpur area,Hyderabad, India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abdul RM Mutnuri L Dattatreya PJ Mohan DA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(3):1581-1592
A total of 16 people died and over 500 people were hospitalized due to diarrhoeal illness in the Bholakpur area of Hyderabad,
India on 6th May 2009. A study was conducted with immediate effect to evaluate the quality of municipal tap water of the Bholakpur
locality. The study consists of the determination of physico-chemical properties, trace metals, heavy metals, rare earth elements
and microbiological quality of drinking water. The data showed the variation of the investigated parameters in samples as
follows: pH 7.14 to 8.72, EC 455 to 769 μS/cm, TDS 303.51 to 515.23 ppm and DO 1.01 to 6.83 mg/L which are within WHO guidelines
for drinking water quality. The water samples were analyzed for 27 elements (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn,
Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Ba and Pb) using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
The concentrations of Fe (0.12 to 1.13 mg/L), Pb (0.01 to 0.07 mg/L), Cu (0.01 to 0.19 mg/L), Ni (0.01 to 0.15 mg/L), Al (0.16
to 0.49 mg/L), and Na (38.36 to 68.69 mg/L) were obtained, which exceed the permissible limits of the World Health Organization
(WHO) for drinking water quality guidelines. The remaining elements were within the permissible limits. The microbiological
quality of water was tested using standard plate count, membrane filtration technique, thermotolerant coliform (TTC), and
most probable number (MPN) methods. The total heterotrophic bacteria ranged from 1.0 × 105 to 18 × 107 cfu/ml. Total viable bacteria in all the water samples were found to be too numerable to count and total number of coliform
bacteria in all water samples were found to be of order of 1,100 to >2,400 MPN index/100 ml. TTC tested positive for coliform
bacteria at 44.2°C. All the water samples of the study area exceeded the permissible counts of WHO and that (zero and minimal
counts) of the control site (National Geophysical Research Institute) water samples. Excessively high colony numbers indicate
that the water is highly contaminated with microorganisms and is hazardous for drinking purposes. Bacteriological pollution
of drinking water supplies caused diarrhoeal illness in Bholakpur, which is due to the infiltration of contaminated water
(sewage) through cross connection, leakage points, and back siphoning. 相似文献
55.
The presence of natural estrogen hormones as trace concentrations in the environment has been reported by many researchers
and is of growing concern due to its possible adverse effects on the ecosystem. In this study, municipal biosolids, poultry
manure (PM) and cow manure (CM), and spent mushroom compost (SMC) were analyzed for the presence of seven estrogen hormones.
17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, 17α-dihydroequilin, and estrone were detected in the sampled biosolids and manures at concentrations
ranging from 6 to 462 ng/g of dry solids. 17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, and estrone were also detected in SMC at concentrations
ranging from 4 to 28 ng/g of dry solids. Desorption experiments were simulated in the laboratory using deionized water (milli-Q),
and the aqueous phase was examined for the presence of estrogen hormones to determine their desorption potential. Very low
desorption of 0.4% and 0.2% estrogen hormones was observed from municipal biosolids and SMC, respectively. An estimate of
total estrogen contribution from different solid waste sources is reported. Animal manures (PM and CM) contribute to a significant
load of estrogen hormones in the natural environment. 相似文献
56.
As facile “environmental media”, the outdoor dust may reflect the changes of contaminants in environment more promptly. In
the present study, selected organochlorine contaminants (OCs) include hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes
(DDTs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) were detected in 20 outdoor dust samples collected from Xinxiang
City. The concentrations of ΣHCHs, ΣDDTs, HCB, and PeCB in dust were in the range of 0.18–5.05 ng/g dry weight, 0.44–13.50 ng/g
dry weight, 0.13–51.61 ng/g dry weight and ND-0.74 ng/g dry weight, respectively. Long-range transport, historical use, and
recent impact of impure pesticides might be the main sources of OCs in the outdoor dust. The results of this study indicated
that impure pesticide application maybe an important source of DDTs and HCB in the environment. 相似文献
57.
This article sets out to analyse how and to what degree land use is linked to the physical characteristics of the territory
itself, and the way in which changes in land use are determined by agricultural and socio-demographic dynamics. The study
was conducted within the territorial boundaries of five municipalities surrounding Lake Trasimeno and refers to the periods
1977–2000 for land use and 1971–2001 for socio-demography data. The use of environmental, social, economic and agricultural
indicators demonstrates how a mix of various indicators are useful for monitoring the changes which took place. It also shows
the powerful influence that socio-demographic factors exert upon land use and landscape change. 相似文献
58.
Spatial and seasonal distribution of nitrogen in marsh soils of a typical floodplain wetland in Northeast China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Bai J Wang Q Deng W Gao H Tao W Xiao R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(3):1253-1263
Horizontal and profile distributions of nitrogen in marsh soils in different seasons were studied in a typical site within
the Erbaifangzi wetland in Northeast China. Results showed that there was higher spatial heterogeneity for nitrate nitrogen
(NO3--_{3}^{-}-N) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+_{4}^{+}–N), as well as available nitrogen (AN), in surface soils in July compared to that in September. Relative to July, the mean
nitrogen contents in surface soils were slightly higher in September; however, in November, soils contained significantly
lower NO3--_{3}^{-}-N and NH4+_{4}^{+}–N, higher AN, organic nitrogen (Org-N), and total nitrogen (TN). Except for mineral nitrogen, no significant differences
were observed between Org-N and TN contents in September and November. Nitrogen contents generally declined exponentially
with depth along soil profiles in three sampling dates (July, September, and November), except for a significant accumulation
peak of NO3--_{3}^{-}-N at the 20–30 cm depth in September. However, NH4+_{4}^{+}–N contents showed a vertical alternation of “increasing and decreasing” in both July and September, while nearly kept constant
with depth in November. The depth ranking of nitrogen showed the shallowest distribution for AN, followed by Org-N and TN,
while deeper distributions for NO3--_{3}^{-}-N and NH4+_{4}^{+}–N. TN, Org-N, and AN were significantly correlated with soil organic matter and total phosphorus. Soil pH values were significantly
correlated with TN and AN contents in surface soils. Clay contents showed significant correlations with nitrogen contents
except for NO3--_{3}^{-}-N in surface soils and NH4+_{4}^{+}–N in profile soils. However, soil moisture was not significantly correlated with nitrogen contents among all soil samples. 相似文献
59.
Mehmet Sinan Bilgili Gamze Varank Elif Sekman Selin Top Didem Özçimen Remziye Yazıcı 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2012,17(3):289-300
Since phenols and phenolic compounds in many industrial wastewaters are toxic organic contaminants for humans and aquatic
life, to remove these compounds via the most efficient way is very important for environmental remediation treatment. In this
context, almost all of the isotherm models (Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, Redlich–Peterson, Sips, and Khan) for adsorption
in the literature were applied to explain the adsorption mechanism of 4-chlorophenol on activated carbon in this study. Also
theoretical modeling data were obtained using model equations; interpolation and analysis of variance were made to compare
data by using statistics software. In addition, the thermodynamic and kinetic studies for adsorption mechanism were included
in the article. The adsorption of 4-chlorophenol on activated carbon fits well to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model than
the pseudo-second-order, intraparticular diffusion and Bangham models. It is also indicated that 4-chlorophenol adsorption
by granular activated carbon would be attributed to a type of transition between physical and chemical adsorption rather than
a pure physical or chemical adsorption process. As a result, an environmental remediation problem and the adsorption mechanism
on activated carbon that can be regarded as a solution to this problem are described and explained using the mathematical
models and calculations in this study. 相似文献
60.
Maria P. Papadopoulou Emmanouil A. Varouchakis George P. Karatzas 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2010,15(5):319-328
Karst aquifers are characterized by spatial heterogeneity due to the presence of highly permeable channels and conduits in
low-permeable fractured rocks (matrix block). Recent studies have reported a close relationship between surface and subsurface
water in karstic regions due to the water flow through a complicated network of paths formed by fracture intersections. Subsurface
flow in karstified aquifers ranges between conduit flow, in large passages with relatively high flow velocities, and diffuse
flow, in the matrix block where Darcy’s law is still valid. In this paper, we present the simulation of a complex karstified
aquifer system in Crete, Greece, where the presence of main faults drastically affects the regional flow. A discrete fracture
approach in conjunction with an equivalent porous medium approach was adopted to simulate the mixed flow in the area of interest.
The simulation results have shown that the length and the orientation of the dominant faults, primarily during the rainy season,
affect the flow field. 相似文献