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451.
Arsenic toxicity and accumulation in radish as affected by arsenic chemical speciation. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A A Carbonell-Barrachina F Burló E López F Martínez-Sánchez 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》1999,34(4):661-679
Arsenic (As) uptake by Rhapanus sativus L. (radish), cv. Nueva Orleans, growing in soil-less culture conditions was studied in relation to the chemical form and concentration of As. A 4 x 3 factorial experiment was conducted with treatments consisting of four As chemical forms [As(III), As(V), MMAA, DMAA] and three As concentrations (1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 mg As L-1). None of the As treatments were clearly phytotoxic to this radish cultivar. Arsenic phytoavailability was primarily determined by the As chemical form present in the nutrient solution and followed the trend DMAA < or = As(V) < or = As(III) < MMAA. Root and shoot As concentrations significantly increased with increasing As application rates. Monomethyl arsonic acid treatments caused the highest As accumulation in both roots and shoots, and this organic arsenical showed a higher uptake rate than the other As compounds. Inner root As concentrations were, in general, within the normal range for As contents in food crops but root skin As levels were close or above the maximum threshold set for As content in edible fruit, crops and vegetables. The statement that toxicity limits plant As uptake to safe levels was not confirmed in our study. If radish plants are exposed to a large pulse of As, as growth on contaminated nutrient solutions, they may accumulate residues which are unacceptable for animal and human consumption without exhibiting symptoms of phytotoxicity. 相似文献
452.
453.
Rogelio Cruz-Martínez Adolfo Etchegaray Saulo Molina-Giraldo Belen Nieto-Castro Enrique Gil Guevara Joaquin Bustillos Miguel Martínez-Rodríguez Alma Gámez-Varela Daniel Saldivar-Rodríguez Erendira Chávez-González Rodolfo Keller Ricardo Russo Eduardo Yepez-García Fausto Coronel-Cruz Johnatan Torres-Torres Alejandro Rojas-Macedo Daniel Ibarra-Ríos Ricardo Ordorica-Flores Jaime Nieto-Zermeño Manuel Alcocer-Alcocer 《黑龙江环境通报》2019,39(7):519-526
454.
Luisa F. Mariscal-Mendizábal Rosalba Sevilla-Montoya Alfonso J. Martínez-García Carmen Alaez-Verson Irma E. Monroy-Muñoz Javier Pérez-Durán Jorge A. Cerón-Albarrán Karol Carrillo-Sánchez Carolina Molina-Garay Luis L. Flores-Lagunes Marco Jimenez-Olivares Mónica Aguinaga-Ríos 《黑龙江环境通报》2019,39(11):998-1004
455.
Some mate choice theories propose that only male signals that are honest and condition-dependent can be stable, while another
hypothesis states that males evolve signals that exploit the sensory system of females. However, sensory traps might evolve
into honest signals if they are differentially costly for males. We tested whether a pre-existing sensory bias for food chemicals
explained chemosensory preferences of female Iberian rock lizards for male scents. We manipulated hunger levels of females
and found that food-deprived females had increased chemosensory responses to chemical stimuli from both invertebrate prey
and femoral secretions of males, but not to control water. Further tests suggested that cholesta-5,7-dien-3-ol (provitamin
D3), a lipid found in both prey and males’ scent, may be one of the chemicals eliciting these responses. Moreover, hungry females
spent more time on scent marks of males that had experimentally increased cholesta-5,7-dien-3-ol than on scent marks of males
alone, whereas for control females this effect was not significant. We suggest that preexisting sensory bias for essential
nutrients (i.e., provitamin D) may be the origin of similar female responses to male chemicals. However, previous studies
have suggested that the allocation of these chemicals to ornaments is costly and only high quality males can afford it. Therefore,
preexisting sensory bias for essential nutrients may further allow the evolution and maintenance of honest sexual displays. 相似文献
456.
Jiří Jaromír Klemeš Petar Sabev Varbanov Sauro Pierucci Donald Huisingh 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(9):843-847
This article provides an introduction to this Special Issue of Journal of Cleaner Production (JCLP), which contains thirteen, carefully selected articles from the 12th Conference, “Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction” – PRES'09. This issue builds upon the multi-year co-operation between the PRES conference planners and the JCLP. The articles cover important subjects of increased efficiency in energy generation and usage and in improvements in industrial process optimisation. The first group of five papers focuses upon recent advances in emissions reduction and the resulting energy penalties. The second group of four papers deals with improving the efficiency and reliability in the utilisation of renewable energy, where hydrogen and biodiesel are the key energy carriers. The final group of three papers focus on process integration challenges of sustainable energy systems and upon the challenges of industrial/societal integration of sustainable energy systems into regional sustainable development planning. 相似文献
457.
Luz Ruggieri Erasmo Cadena Julia Martínez-Blanco Carles M. Gasol Joan Rieradevall Xavier Gabarrell Teresa Gea Xavier Sort Antoni Sánchez 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2009,17(9):830-838
The main organic wastes produced in modern wine industries include grape pomace (62%), lees (14%), stalk (12%) and dewatered sludge (12%). Some of these wastes are being used as by-products (grape pomace and lees) whereas the rest of organic wastes (stalk and wastewater sludge) has been traditionally incinerated or disposed in landfill. In this work, composting is proposed for the recovery of stalk and wastewater sludge to produce a sanitized organic amendment for application in the vineyard, closing the organic matter cycle. The environmental and economical analyses of the different alternatives to manage organic wastes from the wine industry are also presented. Composting costs are almost negligible when compared to other management options. From the environmental point of view, in-situ composting presents the best performance in 8 of the 10 impact categories analysed. Finally, the energy balance shows that the 4 composting systems involved less energy than the systems based on Mineral Fertilizer consumption. 相似文献
458.
Rodríguez NH Granados RJ Blanco-Varela MT Cortina JL Martínez-Ramírez S Marsal M Guillem M Puig J Fos C Larrotcha E Flores J 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2012,32(3):550-560
This paper describes an industrial process for stabilising sewage sludge (SS) with lime and evaluates the viability of the stabilised product, denominated Neutral, as a raw material for the cement industry. Lime not only stabilised the sludge, raised the temperature of the mix to 80-100 °C, furthering water evaporation, portlandite formation and the partial oxidation of the organic matter present in the sludge.Process mass and energy balances were determined. Neutral, a white powder consisting of portlandite (49.8%), calcite (16.6%), inorganic oxides (13.4%) and organic matter and moisture (20.2%), proved to be technologically apt for inclusion as a component in cement raw mixes. In this study, it was used instead of limestone in raw mixes clinkerised at 1400, 1450 and 1500 °C. These raw meals exhibited greater reactivity at high temperatures than the limestone product and their calcination at 1500 °C yielded clinker containing over 75% calcium silicates, the key phases in Portland clinker. Finally, the two types of raw meal (Neutral and limestone) were observed to exhibit similar mineralogy and crystal size and distribution. 相似文献
459.
Gonzalo Martín Julia Toja Silvia Estela Sala María de los Reyes Fernández Isabel Reyes María Adela Casco 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,170(1-4):519-534
The diatom community was studied in 110 sites within the Guadalquivir River catchment area, South Spain, in order to test the applicability of diatom biotic indices developed in other European regions to this site and to provide a useful tool for monitoring water quality in the river basin. We identified 399 taxa and calculated five diatomic indices (Specific Polluosensitivity Index (IPS), Biological Diatom Index, Trophic Diatom Index, Index of the European Economic Community, and Diatom-based Eutrophication Pollution Index (EPI-D)). Since the indices analyzed were highly correlated, their results could be compared. The indices that gave the best results were the EPI-D followed by the IPS, the latter being the most widely used index in Iberian catchments. Nevertheless, the EPI-D presented certain advantages: (1) this index correlated the best with the water chemistry in the catchment area; (2) EPI-D is not sensitive to the presence of taxa belonging to the Achnanthidium minutissimum complex frequently present in the Guadalquivir basin. Nevertheless, EPI-D retains its effectiveness and thus constitutes an easier index for application from a taxonomical standpoint. We estimated the general water quality of the entire basin on the basis of EPI-D. According to these results, 55% of the sites had either high or good water quality. The species that better characterized each water quality category in the study area were: A. minutissimum (high and good), Amphora pediculus (moderate), Nitzschia frustulum (poor), and Nitzschia capitellata (bad). 相似文献
460.
Clara Inés Pardo Martínez 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2011,13(2):367-383
This paper presents an analysis of energy efficiency performance in the automotive industry from evidence of Germany and Colombia
in order to show important features in energy use between countries with the different income between 1998 and 2007. We found
that the automotive industry improved its energy efficiency in each country. In order to understand the driving forces behind
these trends, the concept of the production function is used to obtain the elasticities of substitutions and the relationships
between several variables and energy efficiency performance in German and Colombian motor vehicle industries. In both countries,
we found that the variables of energy prices and sizes of companies each have a positive influence on the efficiency of the
gross production/energy ratio. These results show that, in the motor vehicle industry, energy efficiency performance depends
on different factors. Hence, variables such as energy prices, energy taxes, economies of scale and technology changes have
played a crucial role in the improvements in productivity and rational energy use. 相似文献