全文获取类型
收费全文 | 669篇 |
免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 14篇 |
废物处理 | 42篇 |
环保管理 | 51篇 |
综合类 | 87篇 |
基础理论 | 130篇 |
污染及防治 | 248篇 |
评价与监测 | 62篇 |
社会与环境 | 41篇 |
灾害及防治 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 11篇 |
2021年 | 21篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 18篇 |
2017年 | 17篇 |
2016年 | 45篇 |
2015年 | 20篇 |
2014年 | 41篇 |
2013年 | 45篇 |
2012年 | 43篇 |
2011年 | 58篇 |
2010年 | 45篇 |
2009年 | 39篇 |
2008年 | 50篇 |
2007年 | 45篇 |
2006年 | 37篇 |
2005年 | 24篇 |
2004年 | 18篇 |
2003年 | 18篇 |
2002年 | 16篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 2篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
1961年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有676条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
61.
Bayer-Raich M Jarsjö J Teutsch G 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2007,90(3-4):240-51; discussion 252-7
We consider the results of a recent paper in this journal [Zeru, A. and Sch?fer, G., 2005. Analysis of groundwater contamination using concentration-time series recorded during an integral pumping test: Bias introduced by strong concentration gradients within the plume. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 81 (2005) 106-124], which addresses the field-scale characterisation of contaminant plumes in groundwater. There, it is concluded that contaminant concentration gradients can bias Integral Pumping Test (IPT) interpretations considerably, in particular if IPTs are conducted in advective fronts of contaminant plumes. We discuss implications of this setting and also argue that the longitudinal and transverse dispersivities used in the examples of Zeru and Sch?fer (2005) of up to 30 m and 3 m, respectively, are generally very high for the here relevant capture zone scale (<20 m). However, regardless of both longitudinal and transverse concentration gradients, we further show through a counter-example that IPT results are unbiased as long as the concentration attenuation along the flow direction is linear over the capture zone extent. 相似文献
62.
Palacios M Martín F Cabal H 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2001,51(5):642-657
Regional estimates of both anthropogenic and biogenic emissions are important inputs for models of atmospheric chemistry. A disaggregated emissions inventory of all relevant pollutants for an area of 100 x 100 km2 centered in Burriana (Castellon, Spain) has been worked out. Time and spatial resolutions were hourly and 1 x 1 km2, respectively. Estimates were made for all relevant sources of anthropogenic emissions. The pollutants considered were SO2, NOx, NMVOCs (nonmethane volatile organic compounds), CH4, CO, CO2, N2O, and NH3. Thus, the emissions inventory includes up to 18 different NMVOCs. Emissions were computed for a typical sunny workday in June when strong photochemical activity could be expected. A "top-down" methodology was applied, taking as a starting point official annual and provincial estimates based on CORINAIR emission factors. This procedure is a very useful tool, particularly for those cases where a lack of sufficient local detailed information about the main emission-generating activities, such as road traffic, makes the use of a "bottom-up" approximation inadvisable. Moreover, updating these emission inventories is easier and they could be used to evaluate the impact of possible abatement strategies. 相似文献
63.
Pyrolysis of mixtures of sewage sludge and manure: a comparison of the results obtained in the laboratory (semi-pilot) and in a pilot plant 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A pilot-scale pyrolysis process was carried out for the treatment of a mixture of two types of waste, sewage sludge and cattle manure, comparing the results with others obtained under laboratory conditions (semi-pilot scale). The aim of this study was to obtain the energetic valorization of the products. Owing to the specific characteristics of the plant, two products were obtained from the process: gas and carbonized solid. As no liquid fraction was obtained, the gas fraction is a greater percentage made up of both condensable and non-condensable compounds, which were obtained separately at the laboratory scale. The pilot plant was designed so that the gases produced by thermolysis were burnt continuously in a combustion chamber, while the carbonized fraction was fed in batches for co-combustion. To determine composition and combustion ability, the gas and solid products from the pilot process were characterized by chromatographic analysis of the gaseous fraction and chemical analysis and programmed-temperature combustion of the carbonized solid. The composition of the combustion gases, rich in light hydrocarbons, and the carbon present in the carbonized fraction enable the energetic valorization of these products. The combustion gases were subjected to a cleaning process and their composition analysed twice: before and after the gas cleaning treatment. The study led to a positive assessment of the possible use of the process products as fuel, provided that the combustion gases are treated. As most of the sulphur and chlorine from the original waste are mainly concentrated in the solid fraction, the use of char as a fuel will depend on the effectiveness of clean-up techniques for combustion gases. During gas cleansing, neutralizing with sodium bicarbonate proved effective, especially for the acidic compounds HCl, HF and SO(2). 相似文献
64.
Sánchez López FJ Gil García MD Martínez Vidal JL Aguilera PA Garrido Frenich A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2004,93(1-3):17-29
Water quality assessment in the Aznalcollar area was attempted using multivariate methods based on heavy metal concentrations in red swamp crayfish (Procamburus clarkii). Trace levels of four heavy metals, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), were detected in crayfish from eleven different stations. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted a gradient of contamination between the sampling stations. Cluster analysis (CA) distinguished three groups of stations. Discriminant analysis also differentiated three groups. The group centroids of the first discriminant function were used to devise an index that varies according to the source of the crayfish. These standardized values are proposed for use as a water quality index. The ability of this index to successfully predict environmental quality was proved with random samples. 相似文献
65.
Salinity increases mobility of heavy metals in soils 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
The effect of salinity induced by CaCl2, MgCl2, NaCl and Na2SO4 on the mobility of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn was studied. An increase of ionic strength by any salts promoted a higher release of Cd than the others metals. When CaCl2 and NaCl were applied, Cd and Pb showed the highest degree of mobilization. When MgCl2 was applied, Cd and Cu were mobilized the most. Finally, an increase of Na2SO4 also promoted the strongest mobilization of Cd and Cu.As the total heavy metal content was higher, the percentage of Pb and Cu released upon salinization decreased, indicating that these metals are strongly bound to soil constituents. An increase of carbonates in the soil promoted a higher release of Pb for all used salts and for Zn when MgCl2 and NaCl were used. This indicates that Pb and Zn are adsorbed on the surface of carbonate crystals. An increase of fine particles promoted a decrease of percentage of released Cd for all salts, indicating that Cd is strongly retained in the fine fractions.The main mechanism regulating Pb and Cd mobility was competition with Ca2+ for sorption sites followed for metal chloro-complexation, association between the Cd/Pb-sulfates and competition with Mg2+. The main mechanism regulating Cu mobility was the formation of Cu-sulfate, followed by competition with cations (Mg > Ca) and chloride. For Zn, competition with Ca2+ for sorption sites was the most important process for its mobility; followed by Zn-sulfate association and, finally, chloride and competition with Mg with the same effect. 相似文献
66.
Dynamic Games in the Economics and Management of Pollution 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Steffen Jørgensen Guiomar Martín-Herrán Georges Zaccour 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2010,15(6):433-467
The paper provides a survey of the literature which utilizes dynamic state-space games to formulate and analyze intertemporal,
many decision-maker problems in the economics and management of pollution. 相似文献
67.
68.
García-Llorente M Martín-López B Nunes PA González JA Alcorlo P Montes C 《Environmental management》2011,48(3):418-435
Biological invasions occur worldwide, and have been the object of ecological and socio-economic research for decades. However, the manner in which different stakeholder groups identify the problems associated with invasive species and confront invasive species management under different policies remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted an econometric analysis of the social factors influencing willingness to pay for invasive alien species management under two different regimes: eradication and prevention in the Doñana Natural Protected Area (SW Spain). Controlling for the participation of local residents, tourists and conservationists, email and face-to-face questionnaires were conducted. Results indicated that respondents were more willing to pay for eradication than prevention; and public support for invasive alien species management was influenced by an individual’s knowledge and perception of invasive alien species, active interest in nature, and socio-demographic attributes. We concluded that invasive alien species management research should confront the challenges to engage stakeholders and accept any tradeoffs necessary to modify different conservation policies to ensure effective management is implemented. Finally, our willingness to pay estimates suggest the Department of Environment of Andalusian Government has suitable social support to meet the budgetary expenditures required for invasive alien species plans and adequate resources to justify an increase in the invasive alien species management budget. 相似文献
69.
Alex Ibáñez Alfonso Marzal Pilar López José Martín 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2013,67(4):541-548
Recognition and avoidance of conspecifics based on chemical cues could reduce the risk of aggressive interactions between males. Success in agonistics encounters with unfamiliar males should be lower than with previously known familiar males. Then, males should avoid the chemicals from unfamiliar males with respect to those from familiar males. However, boldness and size could affect the outcome of encounters between males and, consequently, the response to chemical cues of conspecific males. We compared the time spent by male turtles Mauremys leprosa in water pools with chemical stimuli from unfamiliar or familiar males or with their own chemical stimuli. We also performed a behavioral test to estimate boldness of turtles in an antipredatory situation. Turtles avoided the chemicals from unfamiliar males respect to familiar ones and their own odors, but their responses depended on boldness and size of the tested turtle. Bold turtles avoided water with chemicals of unfamiliar males, but not with chemicals of familiar males, whereas shy turtles avoided chemicals of both familiar and unfamiliar males. On the other hand, large males avoided the odor from unfamiliar males, but small males did not avoid water with the odor from other males. Results suggest that male M. leprosa can detect chemicals released to water from conspecific males and discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar males. However, responses to these chemicals depended on boldness and body size of the responding turtle because these factors may affect intrasexual competition. 相似文献
70.
Martín-Díaz ML Kalman J Riba I de la Reguera DF Blasco J DelValls A 《Environment international》2007,33(4):463-468
Ecotoxicological effects associated with contaminants present in dredged material from Spain were determined using a marine biotest based on the determination of metallothionein-like-protein concentrations (MTLPs) in the shore crab Carcinus maenas. Intermoult female C. maenas were exposed in the laboratory to sediments from three Spanish ports, Ría de Huelva (SW, Spain), La Coru?a (NW, Spain) and Bahía de Cádiz (SW, Spain) per replicate during 21 days. Hepatopancreas samples from crabs were taken for metallothioneins analysis on days 0, 7 and 21. Furthermore, chemical analysis was performed in the stations to determine the degree and nature of sediment contamination (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg, As, PAHs and PCBs). A significant increase (p<0.05) in metallothionein concentration was observed over time in individuals exposed to sediment from the port Ría de Huelva characterized by high concentrations of metals. A toxicokinetic approach is proposed in this study related to the use of this biomarker in C. maenas to evaluate bioavailability associated with metals present in dredged material. As a first step, this toxicokinetic approach might reveal as a sensitive tool for evaluating bioavailability of contaminants present in dredged material. 相似文献