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101.
102.
Ioana A. Cristea Emanuele Legge Marta Prosperi Daniel David Claudio Gentili 《Disasters》2014,38(4):740-752
This study examines stress and mood outcomes in community volunteers who undertook one week's worth of post‐disaster relief work in L'Aquila, Italy, which had been hit by an earthquake four months earlier. The study team obtained pre‐ and post‐relief work data from 130 volunteers involved in activities such as preparing food for the displaced, cleaning the camps and distributing clean linen. The Perceived Stress Scale, the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Profile of Mood States were administered at the start and at the end of the aid activities. Psychopathological symptoms and empathy were assessed in the beginning, using the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, respectively. The results show that, following the assistance work, volunteers displayed decreases in perceived stress, general distress, anxiety and anger, as well as increases in positive emotions. The empathy facets empathic concern and personal distress showed different patterns in modulating the post‐disaster relief work adaptation for some of the mood outcomes. 相似文献
103.
Several factors such as smoking habits, diet, occupational, and environmental exposure to chemical carcinogens influence the overall level of DNA damage. In 69 healthy adult volunteers’ polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase (GST), an enzyme which participates in the metabolism of a broad range of carcinogens and endogenous compounds were determined. The level of DNA damage was assessed by comet assay and classified according to GSTT1/M1 genotype and smoking habits. GSTM1 null genotype was recognized in 48% of studied subjects and GSTT1 null genotype in only two cases (3%). In subjects carrying GSTT1/M1 alleles a significantly lower degree of DNA damage, determined as % DNA in the comet's tail, than in null individuals was noted. However, the results obtained did not indicate that in studied subjects an elevated endogenous level of DNA damage may be significantly related to smoking habits. 相似文献
104.
Joah R. Madden Hans-Joerg P. Kunc Sinead English Marta B. Manser Tim H. Clutton-Brock 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(9):1259-1268
Adults vary in their generosity in provisioning the young and their sensitivity to the need of the young. Do the young modulate their behaviour so as to specifically target more high-provisioning adults? This is especially likely in situations with mobile, nutritionally dependent young. We studied cooperatively breeding meerkats Suricata suricatta, in which pups beg to parents and other adults in the group. We found that the young begged differently when next to different adults and that they are consistent in how they beg when next to each adult. Pups next to adults that provision at high rates beg at higher rates and spend longer with them, and these adults are generally more sensitive to increases in begging rate. Such behaviour has adaptive benefits to offspring in terms of increased likelihood of being fed. However, offspring do not appear to be actively seeking out high-provisioning adults or increasing their begging behaviour when they encounter one. Pups did not appear to actively discriminate between adults in their association or begging behaviour. We suggest instead that the relationship between an adult's relative contribution to pup feeding and the behaviour of its accompanying pup is driven by adult behaviour, with responsive adults that feed pups at a relatively higher rate preferentially associating with fast-begging hungry pups. 相似文献
105.
Marcel Clusa Carlos Carreras Marta Pascual Stephen J. Gaughran Susanna Piovano Cristina Giacoma Gloria Fernández Yaniv Levy Jesús Tomás Juan Antonio Raga Fulvio Maffucci Sandra Hochscheid Alex Aguilar Luis Cardona 《Marine Biology》2014,161(3):509-519
Loggerhead turtles nesting in the Mediterranean Sea exhibit remarkable genetic structuring. This paper tests the hypothesis that young loggerhead turtles from different rookeries do not distribute homogeneously among the major Mediterranean foraging grounds, due to a complex pattern of surface currents. We extracted long fragments of mitochondrial DNA from 275 stranded or bycaught juvenile turtles from six foraging grounds (Catalano-Balearic Sea, Algerian basin, Tyrrhenian Sea, Adriatic Sea, northern Ionian Sea and southern Levantine Sea). We used a Bayesian mixed-stock analysis to estimate the contributions from rookeries in the Mediterranean, the North-west Atlantic and Cape Verde to the studied foraging grounds. Differences were found in the relative contribution of juvenile turtles of Atlantic and Mediterranean origin to each foraging ground. A decreasing proportion of Atlantic juveniles was detected along the main surface current entering the Mediterranean, with a high prevalence of turtles from eastern Florida in the Algerian basin and lower numbers elsewhere. In regard to the turtles of Mediterranean origin, juveniles from Libya prevailed in central and western Mediterranean foraging grounds other than the Algerian basin. Conversely, the Adriatic Sea was characterised by a large presence of individuals from western Greece, while the southern Levantine Sea was inhabited by a heterogeneous mix of turtles from the eastern Mediterranean rookeries (Turkey, Lebanon and Israel). Overall, the distribution of juveniles may be related to surface circulation patterns in the Mediterranean and suggests that fisheries might have differential effects on each population depending on the overlap degree between foraging and fishing grounds. 相似文献
106.
Abreu Murilo S. Kulczykowska Ewa Cardoso Sónia C. André Gonçalo I. Morais Marta Gozdowska Magdalena Soares Marta C. 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2018,72(7):1-14
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology - A growing body of research suggests that songs are an important part of the courtship behavior of many bat species, however there is little information on the... 相似文献
107.
Targeting arsenic-safe aquifers for drinking water supplies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jochen Bundschuh Marta I. Litter Prosun Bhattacharya 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(4):307-315
At present, 70 countries worldwide are affected by groundwater contamination by arsenic (As) released from predominantly geogenic
sources. Consequently, the As problem is becoming a global issue. The option to target As-safe aquifers, which uses geological,
geochemical, hydrogeological, morphological and climatic similarities to delimit As-safe aquifers, appears as a sustainable
mitigation option. Two pilot areas, Meghna Flood Plain in Matlab Upazila, representative of Bengal Delta in Bangladesh, and
Río Dulce Alluvial Cone, representing a typical aquifer setting in the Chaco-Pampean Plain in Argentina groundwater As occurrence,
were compared. In rural Bangladesh, As removal techniques have been provided to the population, but with low social acceptance.
In contrast, “targeting As-safe aquifers” was socially accepted in Bangladesh, where sediment color could be used to identify
As-safe aquifer zones and to install safe wells. The investigation in Argentina is more complex because of very different
conditions and sources of As. Targeting As-safe aquifers could be a sustainable option for many rural areas and isolated peri-urban
areas. 相似文献
108.
Sławomir Jaworski Mateusz Hinzmann Ewa Sawosz Marta Grodzik Marta Kutwin Mateusz Wierzbicki Barbara Strojny Krishna P. Vadalasetty Ludwika Lipińska André Chwalibog 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(27):21671-21679
With the rapid development of graphene synthesis and functionalization approaches, graphene and its related derivatives have shown great potential in many applications in material science, including biomedical applications. Several in vitro and in vivo studies clearly showed no definitive risks, while others have indicated that graphene might become health hazards. In this study, we explore the biocompatibility of graphene-related materials with chicken embryo red blood cells (RBC). The hemolysis assay was employed to evaluate the in vitro blood compatibility of reduced graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide, because these materials have recently been used for biomedical applications, including injectable graphene-related particles. This study investigated structural damage, ROS production and hemolysis of chicken embryo red blood cells. Different forms of graphene, when incubated with chicken embryo RBC, were harmful to cell structure and induced hemolysis. 相似文献
109.
During the Mesozoic, one of the most significant evolutionary processes was the secondary adaptation of tetrapods to life
in water. Several non-related lineages invaded from the terrestrial realms and from the oceans of the entire world. Among
these lineages, ichthyosaurs were particularly successful. Advance parvipelvian ichthyosaurs were the first tetrapods to evolve
a fish-shaped body profile. The deep skeletal modifications of their bodies, as well as their biology, depict advance ichthyosaurs
as the paradigm of secondary adaptation of reptiles to marine life. Functional inferences point to them as off-shore cruising
forms, similar to a living tuna, and some of them were capable of deep diving. Bone histology of some genera such as Temnodontosaurus, Stenopterygius, Ichthyosaurus, and Caypullisaurus, characterized by overall cancellous bone, is consistent with the idea of a fish-shaped ichthyosaurs as fast and far cruisers.
Here, we provide histological examination of the ribs of the Middle Jurassic parvipelvian Mollesaurus. Contrasting with the bone histology of other parvipelvian, Mollesaurus ribs are characterized by a compact and thick cortex. Our data indicate that the rib cage was heavy and suggest that not
all advanced ichthyosaurs were fast cruisers. The compact and dense ribs in these parvipelvian show that advance ichthyosaurs
were ecologically more diverse than previously thought and that the lightening of the skeleton reversed, as also occurred
in the evolution of cetacean, at least once along the evolutionary history of ichthyosaurs. 相似文献
110.
Marta Gangolells Author Vitae Miquel Casals Author VitaeAuthor Vitae Xavier Roca Author VitaeAuthor Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2010,41(2):107-122