矿业城市实现可持续发展的实证分析－－以山东省矿业城市为例

发展非主业经营 ,进行产业替代 ,实现二次创业是矿业企业持续发展的必然选择。同时 ,与矿业经济密切联系的城市经济通过结构调整 ,实施产业结构多元化和城市经济一体化是实现矿业城市可持续发展和持久繁荣的普遍规律。本文通过对山东省矿业城市的实证研究证实了上述结论。     

论可持续发展的思想与概念

本文阐述了可持续发展思想的形成与发展,从哲学、伦理、生态学、科学技术、社会经济和人类社会发展规律揭示了可持续发展思想形成的深刻背景,并从“天-人”、“人-地”和“人-人”关系定义了可持续发展的概念。     

半密闭罩在酸雾治理中的应用

阐述酸洗工艺线酸雾的产生原因及其危害，通过对2种集气罩：槽边吹—吸式集气罩和半密闭(加罩裙)罩的设计比较，说明采用合适的集气罩形式对酸雾治理的效果影响是巨大的，同时也可降低一定的初期投资和设备运行费用。     

Modeling study on the roles of the deposition and transport of PM2.5 in air quality changes over central-eastern China

The role of PM_2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 2.5 µm) deposition in air quality changes over China remains unclear. By using the three-year (2013, 2015, and 2017) simulation results of the WRF/CUACE v1.0 model from a previous work (Zhang et al., 2021), a non-linear relationship between the deposition of PM_2.5 and anthropogenic emissions over central-eastern China in cold seasons as well as in different life stages of haze events was unraveled. PM_2.5 deposition is spatially distributed differently from PM_2.5 concentrations and anthropogenic emissions over China. The North China Plain (NCP) is typically characterized by higher anthropogenic emissions compared to southern China, such as the middle-low reaches of Yangtze River (MLYR), which includes parts of the Yangtze River Delta and the Midwest. However, PM_2.5 deposition in the NCP is significantly lower than that in the MLYR region, suggesting that in addition to meteorology and emissions, lower deposition is another important factor in the increase in haze levels. Regional transport of pollution in central-eastern China acts as a moderator of pollution levels in different regions, for example by bringing pollution from the NCP to the MLYR region in cold seasons. It was found that in typical haze events the deposition flux of PM_2.5 during the removal stages is substantially higher than that in accumulation stages, with most of the PM_2.5 being transported southward and deposited to the MLYR and Sichuan Basin region, corresponding to a latitude range of about 24°N-31°N.     

等离子体场内CeO2催化降解甲醇的表面活性氧物种来源与作用研究

利用水热法制备了3种不同形貌(纳米棒、纳米颗粒、纳米立方体)的CeO_2催化剂,并通过比表面积测试(BET)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱分析(Raman)、O_2程序升温脱附(O_2-TPD)手段表征其物理化学性质,结果发现,CeO_2纳米棒的表面氧空位和氧物种最多.等离子体与催化协同降解甲醇性能评价实验结果显示,CeO_2纳米棒展现出最好的催化性能.进一步设计实验(甲醇-TPD、不同气氛常温催化、催化剂内后置比较、O_3催化氧化)推测在等离子体场内CeO_2表面活性氧物种来源及其作用.结果表明:①在等离子体场内参与CeO_2表面催化反应的活性氧物种有两个来源,一是催化剂本身存在的表面氧物种,二是等离子体区域产生的短寿命物种及长寿命物种(主要是O_3),其中,O_3分解产生的活性氧物种是提高催化性能的主要因素.②不同形貌CeO_2由于表面氧空位含量不同,导致O_3在催化剂上分解产生的活性氧物种的量不同,最终影响等离子体催化性能.     

Realizing stable operation of anaerobic ammonia oxidation at low temperatures treating low strength synthetic wastewater

The low activity of Anammox bacteria at low temperatures and competition from nitrite oxidation bacteria(NOB) when treating low strength wastewater have been major bottlenecks in implementing Anammox in mainstream wastewater treatment. By intermittent high strength feeding(IHSF) and stepwise temperature reduction, stable operation of a granular Anammox reactor was realized at low temperatures(down to 15°C) for 28 days when treating low strength synthetic wastewater. The nitrogen loading rate reached 1.23–1.34 kgN/m~3/day,and the total nitrogen removal rate reached 0.71–0.98 kgN/m~3/day. The IHSF enriched the Anammox sludge in high strength cycles and compensated for sludge loss in low strength cycles, and the high concentration of ammonium in high strength cycles inhibited NOB. The 16 SrRNA gene sequencing results revealed that Candidatus Kuenenia was predominant in the reactor at low temperatures.     

Turnover of dissolved organic carbon fuels nocturnal CO2 emissions from a headwater catchment reservoir, Southeastern China: Effects of ecosystem metabolism on source partitioning of CO2 emissions

Dam reservoirs in headwater catchments, as critical zones for their proximity to terrestrial sources, play important roles in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) cycling. However, the effects of ecosystem metabolism (EM) on DOC cycling are not well known. Here, in-situ diurnal and monthly observations were conducted to measure EM (including gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER) and heterotrophic respiration (HR)), DOC turnover and CO₂ emissions in a headwater catchment reservoir in Southeastern China in 2020. Our study showed the nocturnal CO₂ emission rate was about twice as high as in daytime, and was strongly driven by EM. The values for DOC turnover velocity ranged from 0.10 to 1.59 m/day, and the average DOC turnover rate was 0.13 day⁻¹, with the average removal efficiency of 12%. The contribution of respired DOC to daily CO₂ emissions ranged from 17% to 61%. The accumulated efficiencies were estimated to be 13% for the selected 15 reservoirs throughout the Changjiang River network, corresponding to about 0.34 Tg C/year of the respired DOC. The modified CO₂ flux was 0.75 Tg C/year, and respired DOC accounted for about 45% of total emitted CO₂ from the 15 larger reservoirs. Our research emphasizes the necessity of incorporating the effects of EM into studies of reservoir DOC removal and CO₂ emissions.     

Enhanced degradation of reactive brilliant red X-3B by photocatalysis integrated with micro-electrolysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The microwave electrodeless lamp UV photocatalysis (MWUV) integrated with iron carbon micro-electrolysis (ME) was applied to degrade reactive...     

A model diagnostic study of age of river-borne sediment transport in the tidal York River Estuary

As nutrients and organic matters are transported preferentially in an adsorbed state and tend to bind to the sediments, sediment transport plays an important role on eutrophication processes in the estuaries. The timescale of sediment transport is of significance for studying the retention of pollutants and eutrophication processes in the estuaries. Unlike transport of dissolved substances that is mainly controlled by advection and diffusion processes, the sediment transport is significantly affected by the intermittent settling and resuspension processes. A three-dimensional model with suspended sediment transport was utilized to investigate the transport timescale of river-borne sediment in the tidal York River Estuary. The results indicate that river discharge dominantly determines the age of river-borne sediment in the estuary. High river discharge results in a low sediment age compared to that under mean flow. The intermittent effects of settling and resuspension events greatly affect the river-borne sediment age. Both settling velocity and critical shear stress are shown to be key parameters in determining the sediment transport timescale. The sediment age decreases as settling velocity and/or critical shear stress decrease, while it increases with the increase of settling velocity that prevents the sediment to be transported out of the estuary.     

六溴环十二烷暴露对红鳍笛鲷脑乙酰胆碱酯酶和组织氧化应激的影响及评价

六溴环十二烷(C_(12)H_(18)Br_6,简称HBCD)是近年来在环境中广受关注的优先污染物和高产量化学品。实验室条件下以红鳍笛鲷为研究对象,选取其脑组织非特异性生物标志物超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶(glutathione S-transferases,GST)和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)及特异性生物标志物乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase,ACh E)为指标研究了不同浓度HBCD溶液(8.6μg·L~(-1)、43.0μg·L~(-1)和215μg·L~(-1))暴露96 h对红鳍笛鲷脑组织的氧化损伤和神经毒性效应,同时结合综合生物标志物响应指数(integrated biomarker responses index,IBR),对HBCD造成的胁迫水平和毒性效应进行评价。结果表明:HBCD对红鳍笛鲷脑组织中SOD活性和GST活性表现出不同程度的诱导效应,其中暴露初期SOD活性与HBCD浓度呈正相关,但随暴露时间延长与HBCD浓度呈负相关;HBCD对MDA含量和ACh E活性表现出诱导或抑制且存在剂量依赖性,低浓度组MDA含量表现为先抑制后诱导的过程,ACh E活性表现为先诱导后抑制;中浓度组MDA含量和ACh E均表现为抑制效应;高浓度组MDA含量表现为先诱导后抑制的过程,ACh E活性表现为先抑制后诱导。IBR分析结果表明4种生物标志物对HBCD胁迫的敏感性分别为SODGSTACh EMDA,且中、高浓度组的胁迫效应最明显。