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Ruiping LIU Wei XU Kun WU Wenxin GONG Huijuan LIU Jiuhui QU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(4):568-578
The unexpected emergent discharge of high-arsenic wastewater into water environments results in significantly increased levels of arsenic in water; however, the species distribution of arsenic in sediments has never been reported before for such cases. This study focuses on an As pollution accident in the Dasha River, and uses sequential extraction procedures with deionized water, 1?mol·L-1 MgCl2 at pH= 8, 1?mol·L-1 NaH2PO4 at pH= 5, and 1?mol·L-1 HCl to investigate four binding phases of arsenic (i.e., water soluble, ion-exchangeable, strongly-bound, and precipitates) in sediments at different layers in different cross-sections along the river. The average ratio of arsenite (As(III)) to arsenate (As(V)) was found to decrease from 0.74:1 in river water to 0.48:1 in sediment, owing to its higher affinity toward As(V) than As(III). The content of arsenic in the sediments was relatively low and the maximum content was observed to be 36.3?mg·kg-1 for As(III) and 97.5?mg·kg-1 for As(V). As(III) and As(V) showed different binding phases in sediments, and the average fractions of these four species were determined to be 0.09, 0.11, 0.17, and 0.63 for As(III) and 0.03, 0.14, 0.63, and 0.20 for As(V), respectively. For all the sediment samples, the content of arsenic showed no relationship with the characteristics of the sediments such as the particle diameter, the content of organic carbon, Fe, and Mn, although a negative correlation with particle diameter was observed for the sediments in the uppermost 2-cm layer. The unexpected emergent As incident results in the high content of total arsenic in the surface sediment, which may be potential secondary source to the elevated As levels in surface water. 相似文献
644.
基于气象-地形-水文-地质-人文耦合的滑坡灾害空间预警研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
广东省小流域地区滑坡灾害具有多发性、广泛性和严重性的特点,严重影响山区社会安定和经济发展.长期以来区域滑坡灾害预警和单体地质灾害稳定性研究总是在两个不同的体系下进行,二者缺乏有机联系,常用的滑坡灾害预警单元也不能反映成灾机理.以广东省梅州市程江流域的松岗小流域为研究区域,以斜坡单元为基本单元,以气象、水文、人文过程为主要参数,通过分析各参数与灾害形成的内在关系,结合GIS技术,构建气象-地形-水文-地质-人文耦合模型,并通过历史数据对模型进行验证,结果表明,该模型不仅提高了滑坡预测的空间精度,而且可对特定降雨条件下的滑坡灾害进行客观有效地预测. 相似文献
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为探究典型内分泌干扰物(EDCs)在多相体系中的分配作用及其生态风险,利用切向流超滤、固相萃取、气相色谱-质谱联用等分析方法,对珠江广州河段和东江东莞河段水/胶体/悬浮颗粒中的辛基酚(OP)、4-壬基酚(NP)、双酚A(BPA)、雌酮(E1)、17β-雌二醇(E2)、己烯雌酚(DES)、17α-乙炔雌二醇(EE2)、雌三醇(E3)展开了研究。结果发现,约60%的酚类雌激素存在于水相,约30%存在于胶体相,约10%赋存于颗粒相。DES、E2、EE2、E3在所有样品中均未检出。此外,NP、BPA的含量与溶解性有机碳(DOC)和颗粒态有机碳(POC)含量均呈正相关关系。溶解相中OP、NP、BPA、E1的溶解有机碳归一化含量与特定紫外吸收(SUVA254)均呈正相关,表明溶解有机质与EDCs之间可能通过π-π作用相结合,其作用强度与芳香度有关。OP、NP、BPA在颗粒物/水、胶体/水间的原位有机碳归一化分配系数的对数值(log Koc、log Kcoc)分别为:4.41±0.69、4.60±0.32、4.30±0.43和5.35±0.42、5.69±0.50、5.51±0.77,显示出胶体对EDCs有更高的吸附能力。两条河流的风险商数(RQ)在0.39~2.01之间,其中珠江广州河段为高风险区(RQ平均值为1.5),东江东莞河段为中风险区(RQ平均值为0.75),且底层水的风险高于表层水。 相似文献
647.
Yanling WEI Xunfei YIN Lu QI Hongchen WANG Yiwei GONG Yaqian LUO 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(3):569-577
Three laboratory-scale moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) with different carrier filling ratios ranging from 40% to 60% were used to study the effects of carrier-attached biofilm on oxygen transfer efficiency. In this study, we evaluated the performance of three MBBRs in degrading chemical oxygen demand and ammonia. The three reactors removed more than 95% of NH 4 + -N at an air flow-rate of 60 L·h–1. The standard oxygen transfer efficiency (αSOTE) of the three reactors was also investigated at air flow-rates ranging from 60 to 100 L·h–1. These results were compared to αSOTE of wastewater with a clean carrier (no biofilm attached). Results showed that under these process conditions, αSOTE decreased by approximately 70% as compared to αSOTE of wastewater at a different carrier-filling ratio. This indicated that the biofilm attached to the carrier had a negative effect on αSOTE. Mechanism analysis showed that the main inhibiting effects were related to biofilm flocculants and soluble microbial product (SMP). Biofilm flocs could decrease αSOTE by about 20%, and SMP could decrease αSOTE by 30%–50%. 相似文献
648.
Min Gong Li Wu Xiang-yang Bi Li-min Ren Lei Wang Zhen-dong Ma Zheng-yu Bao Zhong-gen Li 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(1):59-72
Nine potentially harmful heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Ni, and Zn) were measured in 477 topsoil samples collected
from urban–rural areas in the city of Wuhan in order to identify their concentrations and possible sources, and characterize
their spatial variability for risk assessment. Results showed that in most rural areas heavy-metal concentrations in soil
were similar to their natural background values, but Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn concentrations were relatively higher in densely
populated districts and around industrial facilities. Multivariate analyses (correlation matrix, principal component analysis,
and cluster analysis) indicated that Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn were mainly derived from anthropogenic inputs, and Co, Cr, and
Mn were controlled by natural source, whereas Ni appeared to be affected by both anthropogenic and natural sources. The result
of risk assessment indicated that nearly 48% of the study area suffered from moderate to severe contamination. 相似文献
649.
选取甲苯、乙酸乙酯为目标污染物模拟印刷有机废气,采用生物滴滤塔对其进行处理。从某污水处理厂曝气池活性污泥中筛选出3株能够高效降解甲苯、乙酸乙酯的优势菌种,经鉴定分别为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、蜡状芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cereus)和嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia)。实验结果表明:增大乙酸乙酯配比对VOCs去除率影响不大,而增大甲苯配比导致VOCs去除率下降明显;在进气VOCs质量浓度为约800 mg/m3(甲苯与乙酸乙酯的体积比1∶1)、气体空床接触时间为300 s、菌液喷淋量为800 L/h、菌液温度为25 ℃的条件下,VOCs去除率可达约99%。生物滴滤塔运行一段时间后,对菌种进行再鉴定,结果与处理前一致。 相似文献
650.
Weibin Kou Lei Yu Huibo Gong 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2018,68(8):836-848
Most existing signal timing models are aimed to minimize the total delay and stops at intersections, without considering environmental factors. This paper analyzes the trade-off between vehicle emissions and traffic efficiencies on the basis of field data. First, considering the different operating modes of cruising, acceleration, deceleration, and idling, field data of emissions and Global Positioning System (GPS) are collected to estimate emission rates for heavy-duty and light-duty vehicles. Second, multiobjective signal timing optimization model is established based on a genetic algorithm to minimize delay, stops, and emissions. Finally, a case study is conducted in Beijing. Nine scenarios are designed considering different weights of emission and traffic efficiency. The results compared with those using Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) 2010 show that signal timing optimized by the model proposed in this paper can decrease vehicles delay and emissions more significantly. The optimization model can be applied in different cities, which provides supports for eco-signal design and development.
Implications: Vehicle emissions are heavily at signal intersections in urban area. The multiobjective signal timing optimization model is proposed considering the trade-off between vehicle emissions and traffic efficiencies on the basis of field data. The results indicate that signal timing optimized by the model proposed in this paper can decrease vehicle emissions and delays more significantly. The optimization model can be applied in different cities, which provides supports for eco-signal design and development. 相似文献