全文获取类型
收费全文 | 225篇 |
免费 | 0篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 7篇 |
废物处理 | 18篇 |
环保管理 | 27篇 |
综合类 | 18篇 |
基础理论 | 62篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 66篇 |
评价与监测 | 14篇 |
社会与环境 | 13篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 10篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 8篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 8篇 |
2013年 | 11篇 |
2012年 | 12篇 |
2011年 | 19篇 |
2010年 | 20篇 |
2009年 | 5篇 |
2008年 | 8篇 |
2007年 | 9篇 |
2006年 | 6篇 |
2005年 | 6篇 |
2004年 | 4篇 |
2003年 | 16篇 |
2002年 | 10篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1956年 | 1篇 |
1926年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有226条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
101.
102.
103.
Chuan Wang Samuel Nordgren Bo Lindblom Stefan Savonen Theresa Hedpalm Mikael Larsson Robert Hansson 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(9):944-951
LKAB Malmberget is a Swedish mining site located at Malmberget, Sweden. Seven boiler centers are located in the north part of Malmberget. There are no connections in between these boiler centers, meaning that it is a decentralized heating system. The heat generated is used to heat up buildings and for mine ventilation air mainly during the cold periods. The heat is mainly provided from electric and oil boilers. However, most boilers under use are over 20 years old, and it is time to retrofit the boiler system and infrastructure. The purpose of this work is to design and optimize the heating system by introducing an integrated concept to minimize the heat production cost.An optimization model based on the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) has been developed. Several technical options have been considered in a new centralized heating system. The optimization principle is based on two kinds of perspectives: current price and external costs. With consideration of environmental and health damage from society concerns point of view, instead of environmental taxes in the current price perspective, the monetary values of externalities due to pollutants such as CO2, NOx, SO2 and particulates emitted from the heating system are included. On the basis of data input and assumptions, modeling results indicate that a lower cost could be achieved when a waste heat recovery boiler is installed at the older pelletization plant to recover sensible heat from flue gas. This technical option is the best solution or at least contributes to the best solution in all optimization results. Including the externality cost is useful for making fair evaluation of the social-environmental impacts of the alternatives. 相似文献
104.
Per Mickwitz Mikael Hildén Jyri SeppäläMatti Melanen 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2011,19(16):1779-1787
This special issue of the Journal of Cleaner Production addresses system transformation by examining progress, stumbling blocks and opportunities for sustainable consumption and production in a specific country, Finland, set within a global context. The articles present and analyse top-down policy efforts, bottom-up efforts by municipalities, activities by companies and actions by consumers. They provide material for discussions on the shift from sustainability planning to enhancing system transformation, on the implications of globalisation for system boundaries, on the transformation of complex systems, on learning processes and on methods of assessing transitions. Without providing a singular solution, the articles show that issues of sustainability should be explored in different ways within different contexts, and experimented with. There is a continuous need for transformations and reflexive learning, since conditions are likely to become very different, not least due to climate change. The notion of change and transformation will be high on the agenda of the Rio+20 conference, as will similar efforts to promote large-scale transformations of consumption and production. 相似文献
105.
Ambio - Gaps between public policy goals and the state of the environment are often significant. However, while goal failures in environmental governance are studied in a number of disciplines, the... 相似文献
106.
Transport of fish from Norway: energy analysis using industrial ecology as the framework 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this article, industrial ecology is used as a framework for analysing transport energy and its implication for products. The importance of the energy use for transport in a natural resource production system is analysed. By using fish as a case study, it is shown that the amount of energy for transport is highly dependent on the transport mode used. When applying industrial ecology principles for making assessments of the environmental impacts of products, the whole product chain is examined. This is an extended life-cycle approach, which also includes the transport of the finished products from the exporter to the importing country. This last part of the transport chain can be extremely energy demanding, as is shown for the case of fish transport. This finding has implications for the products, and for the form in which the products should be transported. Increasing the energy efficiency of production systems is an important industrial ecology principle, and must be taken into consideration when analysing product chains. A revision of today's practice of transporting large quantities of fresh whole fish by transcontinental airliners is bound to be necessary. This is a consequence of the demands for increased energy efficiency of tomorrow's industrial production systems. 相似文献
107.
Jensen TS Jensen JD Hasler B Illerup JB Andersen FM 《Journal of environmental management》2007,82(1):133-143
Integrated modelling of the interaction between environmental pressure and economic development is a useful tool to evaluate environmental consequences of policy initiatives. However, the usefulness of such models is often restricted by the fact that these models only include a limited set of environmental impacts, which are often energy-related emissions. In order to evaluate the development in the overall environmental pressure correctly, these model systems must be extended. In this article an integrated macroeconomic model system of the Danish economy with environmental modules of energy related emissions is extended to include the agricultural contribution to climate change and acidification. Next to the energy sector, the agricultural sector is the most important contributor to these environmental themes and subsequently the extended model complex calculates more than 99% of the contribution to both climate change and acidification. Environmental sub-models are developed for agriculture-related emissions of CH(4), N(2)O and NH(3). Agricultural emission sources related to the production specific activity variables are mapped and emission dependent parameters are identified in order to calculate emission coefficients. The emission coefficients are linked to the economic activity variables of the Danish agricultural production. The model system is demonstrated by projections of agriculture-related emissions in Denmark under two alternative sets of assumptions: a baseline projection of the general economic development and a policy scenario for changes in the husbandry sector within the agricultural sector. 相似文献
108.
Mikael Hake 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1996,39(2):71-76
Relationships between social status and levels of body reserves stored by members of greenfinch (Carduelis chloris) flocks in winter were investigated. In addition, the adjustment of reserves by birds of different rank to experimental changes
in food predictability and to changed weather conditions were examined. Birds with low social status carried overall larger
body reserves than high-ranked birds. The results of the experiments suggest that this was mainly because subordinates, due
to their low priority to food access, perceived future foraging success as less predictable than dominants. In response to
severe weather, which probably increased the risk of starvation for birds, dominants temporarily increased their reserves
more than subordinates. This response also indicated that birds with low social status carried larger reserves than high-ranked
birds, and demonstrated that dominants could increase food intake when there was a risk of energetic shortfall. The results
suggest that fattening strategies in greenfinches depend on social status. In winter, subordinates may be forced to carry
larger reserves than dominants to safeguard against social constraints in access to food during critical times. As body reserves
may be costly to carry and acquire, this should reduce the probability of surviving the winter for subordinates compared to
dominants.
Received: 2 March 1995/Accepted after revision: 13 April 1996 相似文献
109.
Several ecologically and commercially important fish species spend the winter in a state of minimum feeding activity and at
lower risk of predation. To enable this overwintering behaviour, energetic reserves are generated prior to winter to support
winter metabolism. Maintenance metabolism in fish scales with body size and increases with temperature, and the two factors
together determine a critical threshold size for passive overwintering below which the organism is unlikely to survive without
feeding. This is because the energetic cost of metabolism exceeds maximum energy reserves. In the present study, we estimated
the energetic cost of overwintering from a bioenergetic model. The model was parameterised using respirometry-based measurements
of standard metabolic rate in buried A. tobianus (a close relative to A. marinus) at temperatures from 5.3 to 18.3°C and validated with two independent long-term overwintering experiments. Maximum attainable
energy reserves were estimated from published data on A. marinus in the North Sea. The critical threshold size in terms of length (L
th) for A. marinus in the North Sea was estimated to be 9.5 cm. We then investigated two general predictions: (1) Fish smaller than L
th display winter feeding activity, and (2) size at maturation of iteroparous species is larger than L
th to ensure sufficient energy reserves to accommodate both the metabolic cost of passive overwintering and reproductive investments.
Both predictions were found to be consistent with data on size at maturation and total body energy in December and February. 相似文献
110.
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of litter size and parity on sibling competition, piglet survival, and weight
gain. It was predicted that competition for teats would increase with increasing litter size, resulting in a higher mortality
due to maternal infanticide (i.e., crushing) and starvation, thus keeping the number of surviving piglets constant. We predicted
negative effects on weight gain with increasing litter size. Based on maternal investment theory, we also predicted that piglet
mortality would be higher for litters born late in a sow's life and thus that the number of surviving piglets would be higher
in early litters. As predicted, piglet mortality increased with increasing litter size both due to an increased proportion
of crushed piglets, where most of them failed in the teat competition, and due to starvation caused by increased sibling competition,
resulting in a constant number of survivors. Piglet weight at day 1 and growth until weaning also declined with increasing
litter size. Sows in parity four had higher piglet mortality due to starvation, but the number of surviving piglets was not
affected by parity. In conclusion, piglet mortality caused by maternal crushing of piglets, many of which had no teat success,
and starvation caused by sibling competition, increased with increasing litter size for most sow parities. The constant number
of surviving piglets at the time of weaning suggests that 10 to 11 piglets could be close to the upper limit that the domestic
sow is capable of taking care of. 相似文献