一株高效脱硫脱氨氮菌的分离、鉴定及系统发育分析

从运行稳定的能同步脱臭的曝气生物滤池中采集样品,富集分离获得一株能高效脱硫脱氨氮的菌株TS-1。对分离菌株进行形态观察、生理生化试验及16S rRNA基因序列分析,结果表明,该菌株TS-1为革兰氏阳性菌,杆状;菌落在营养琼脂培养基上呈圆形,表面光滑,乳白色半透明;V-P试验阴性,能水解淀粉和明胶,利用柠檬酸盐生长;对菌株进行16S rRNA的PCR扩增,扩增产物测序结果表明分离菌株TS-1与巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium）同源性达到99%;以16S rRNA同源性为基础构建了包括24株相关种属细菌在内的系统发育树,在系统发育树中,分离菌株TS1与Bacillus megaterium在同一分支。结合形态观察、生理生化试验及16S rRNA基因序列分析结果,将其初步鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium）。在常温（30±2）℃、转速为150 r/min的条件下,处理pH 7、S^2-和NH⁺₄-N分别为80 mg/L和88 mg/L的水样40 h,硫化物和氨氮的脱除率分别为91.8%和96.6%。     

CuCoOx/TiO2催化氧化NO性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了CuCoOx/TiO₂催化剂,考察了焙烧温度、反应温度、氧含量、NO浓度和空间速度对催化剂催化氧化NO性能的影响,并考察了催化剂的抗硫抗水性能。XRD、TPR和BET分析表明,350℃焙烧的催化剂具有CuCo₂O₄尖晶石结构,比表面积大,对NO的氧化效果好。在空速为5 000 h^-1,NO进口浓度500 mg/m³,含氧量10%的条件下,反应温度300℃时NO转化率可达79.5%,250℃时NO转化率接近50%。该催化剂具有良好的单独抗SO₂、抗H₂O毒化性能,H₂O和SO₂同时存在时很快失活。该催化剂可用于不同时含H₂O和SO₂的含NO气体催化氧化后再吸收处理。     

湖岸缓冲带反硝化作用的研究进展

反硝化作用是湖岸缓冲带去除硝酸盐的重要途径。湖岸缓冲带是联系陆地与湖泊生态系的纽带,不仅为许多动植物提供适宜生境,而且通过反硝化作用能去除地下水中的硝酸盐,提高湖泊水质。概述不同检测反硝化速率的方法,并对比各种方法的优点与缺点。阐述反硝化作用的影响因素：厌氧环境、有机碳、湖岸坡度、缓冲带坡度、pH与温度、硝酸盐浓度。介绍反硝化速率模型的研究开发状况。最后,提出了目前国内外反硝化研究中存在的不足及发展方向。     

含腐殖酸的新型混凝剂强化混凝处理城市污水

研究了新型混凝剂BMT对城市污水进行强化混凝处理的效果,并与常用混凝剂聚合氯化铝（PAC）进行了比较。结果表明,在城市污水原水COD低于500mg／L和最佳工况下,经BMT处理后的出水能够达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）二级标准,并具备替代PAC的能力。     

长短桩复合地基承载力发挥系数取值研究

根据水泥土长短桩复合地基试验结果,得到了考虑荷载水平的水泥土长短桩复合地基承载力计算公式。然后,考虑复合地基中桩体、桩间土和复合地基沉降量之间的相互关系,利用现场载荷试验成果,对单桩复合地基和长短桩复合地基的桩间土承载力发挥系数和合理的s/b取值范围进行了对比研究,得到了长短桩复合地基桩间土承载力发挥系数的计算方法。结果表明:长短桩复合地基桩体先于桩间土出现破坏,桩体极限荷载点对应的复合地基s/b值为s/b的上限;当垫层模量Ec为100M Pa时,长短桩复合地基s/b上限为0.0034,对应的桩间土承载力发挥系数为0.29。     

Comprehensive Assessment on Tourism Eco-environment of Gansu Province Based on Spatial Data

The article studies tourism eco-environment of 14 cities of Gangsu Province, China, based on GIS with many kinds of multi-subject spatial database, such as remote sensing data, observation data and literature data. The research results were as follows. First, spatial features of 14 cities＇ tourism eco-environment are displayed with five levels of vulnerability respectively. The vulnerability in Gansu becomes worse from Gannan City, located in southern Gansu to Hexi Corridor which lies in northwestern Gansu. Second, the areas of above the middle vulnerability level make up 75% of the total areas of Gansu Province. Third, more than 70% of high-level human and natural tourism resources are in the areas with high vulnerability eco-environment. Fourth, it is crucial to develop comprehensive tourism industry in order to improve the harmonious development between tourism industry and eco-environment in Gansu Province.     

基于GIS的陇南灾区建设用地适宜性评价

以甘肃省陇南市地震灾区为例,运用AHP法和GIS空间分析方法,综合考虑了地区气候地形、人口分布、交通区位、经济基础和地震易发程度等影响因子,并通过用地适宜性分区,对地区自然生态和社会经济格局进行重新审视,从协调资源、环境、人口、经济的相互关系出发,空间开发强调因地制宜,即让开发成本低、资源环境容量大的地区承担高强度的开发建设活动;而让生态和地质环境脆弱、开发难度大的区域承担生态维护和生态产业功能。结果表明：陇南市用地适宜性呈现出极大的地缘差异性,适宜发展用地主要分布于东北部丘陵盆地地区,南部地区以限制发展用地为主,西北部地区由适度发展用地和限制发展用地构成。其中适宜发展用地占地区总面积1727%,适度发展用地占4441%,限制发展用地占3831%。     

Incorporating layer- and local-scale heterogeneities in numerical simulation of unsaturated flow and tracer transport

This study characterizes layer- and local-scale heterogeneities in hydraulic parameters (i.e., matrix permeability and porosity) and investigates the relative effect of layer- and local-scale heterogeneities on the uncertainty assessment of unsaturated flow and tracer transport in the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, USA. The layer-scale heterogeneity is specific to hydrogeologic layers with layerwise properties, while the local-scale heterogeneity refers to the spatial variation of hydraulic properties within a layer. A Monte Carlo method is used to estimate mean, variance, and 5th, and 95th percentiles for the quantities of interest (e.g., matrix saturation and normalized cumulative mass arrival). Model simulations of unsaturated flow are evaluated by comparing the simulated and observed matrix saturations. Local-scale heterogeneity is examined by comparing the results of this study with those of the previous study that only considers layer-scale heterogeneity. We find that local-scale heterogeneity significantly increases predictive uncertainty in the percolation fluxes and tracer plumes, whereas the mean predictions are only slightly affected by the local-scale heterogeneity. The mean travel time of the conservative and reactive tracers to the water table in the early stage increases significantly due to the local-scale heterogeneity, while the influence of local-scale heterogeneity on travel time gradually decreases over time. Layer-scale heterogeneity is more important than local-scale heterogeneity for simulating overall tracer travel time, suggesting that it would be more cost-effective to reduce the layer-scale parameter uncertainty in order to reduce predictive uncertainty in tracer transport.     

Food chain transfer of cadmium and lead to cattle in a lead–zinc smelter in Guizhou, China

Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) are environmental pollutants. Environmental samples and bovine tissues were collected from the areas around a lead–zinc smelter in Guizhou, China for Cd, Pb, zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) analysis. Cd in soil (10 mg/kg) and feed (6.6 mg/kg) from the polluted areas was 10 times higher than the Chinese Standards, resulting in higher Cd in bovine kidney (38 mg/kg) and liver (2.5 mg/kg). Pb in feed (132 mg/kg) from the polluted area was much higher than unpolluted areas, causing higher Pb levels in bovine tissues. Environmental Zn was elevated, but bovine tissue Zn was normal. Cu in bovine liver decreased with increased Cd and Pb. Metals in drinking water and in bovine muscle were within the Standard range. Thus, in the areas of this lead–zinc smelter, the environment has been contaminated with Cd and Pb, which has been transferred to cattle through the food chain.     

衡水市空气主要污染物体积质量的时间分布特征

利用衡水市环境监测站2005—2007年度大气例行检测的数据,对衡水市大气中主要污染物SO^2、NO^2、PM10体积质量值的逐日数据进行统计分析,得出了衡水市空气污染的现状和时间变化规律：（1）污染物体积质量值的月变化曲线呈槽型分布,非取暖期的空气状况明显好于取暖期,取暖期SO^2平均体积质量是非取暖期的2．45倍;（2）污染物体积质量值的日变化曲线基本为两高两低型,其中取暖期污染指数早晨出现极高值的时间比非取暖期明显偏晚;（3）污染物体积质量值的年变化表明了SO^2的体积质量在降低,而NO^2的体积质量却有了小幅增长。