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41.
42.
Hitoshi Ueno Toshiharu Segawa Katsuhiko Nakamuro Yasuyoshi Sayato Shoji Okada 《Chemosphere》1989,19(12):1843-1852
Ozonated soil-humic acid induced direct mutagenicity on
TA98, TA100 and TA104, while not the ozonated reagent- and wastewater-humic acids. Oxygen radicals generated from mutagens such as glyoxal and hydrogen peroxide identified as the ozonation products might, in part, contribute to the mutagenicity of ozonated soil-humic acid. 相似文献
43.
The seasonal successions of standing crop and floral assemblage were studied for oceanic coccolithophores at 5 weather stations in the western North Atlantic Ocean. The coccolithophores were less populous during winter at the northern stations, whereas they became scarce during summer at the southern stations. The average standing crop in the surface water was quite consistent throughout all climatic regions, being a few tens of thousand cells per liter. The average standing crop at the 100 m level showed a clear trend of increasing southwards. The population at this depth was only one-tenth as large as that of the surface level at the northernmost station, whereas it was almost two-thirds as large as the surface levels at the southernmost station. Many of the major species exhibited seasonally biased occurrences. The trend was mostly repeated in consecutive years, although the magnitude of their abundances fluctuated from year to year in some case. The average species composition was obtained for the 5 weather stations at the surfacewater (surface and 20 m levels combined) and 100 m levels; Emiliania huxleyi dominated the flora at all stations. The relationship between occurrences of major species and ambient water temperature was also studied. Although some species were stenothermal, the majority exhibited eurythermal characteristics; this accounts for the high specific diversity of the coccolithophore community throughout the wide range of waters studied.Contribution No. 2899 of the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University. 相似文献
44.
This study, based on a questionnaire survey and workshops, and with a focus on the impact of an earthquake on the Nagata Elementary School Community in Kobe City, Japan, develops a collaborative model to assess the allocation of residents to shelters. The current official allocation plan is compared with three alternative allocations developed within the framework of this model. The collaborative model identifies accessibility, amenity, capacity, connectivity, continuity, security, and stability as the basic, necessary criteria for shelter planning. The three alternative allocations are very similar to the local residents’ own choice of shelters, but they are quite different from the current official allocation plan, which is supposed to be followed but has achieved relatively low satisfaction among households. The proposed collaborative approach provides an effective tool to assess the officially determined allocation plan by taking into account the viewpoints of local residents, and the results are useful for enhancing community evacuation planning. 相似文献
45.
Shinji?ItoEmail author Yasunari?Okada Hirofumi?Hirai Tomoaki?Nishida 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2005,13(4):357-363
Poly(acrylic acid)s (PAAs) with various functional groups, such as phenolic hydroxyl, amino, and aldehyde groups, in the side-chains were treated with manganese peroxidase (MnP) prepared from the culture of lignin-degrading white rot fungi. While no change in the Mw of PAA without a functional group was observed after a 24-h MnP treatment, the Mw␣of␣PAA␣with p-aminophenol as side-chains decreased from 90,000 to 59,000, and that with␣o-aminophenol from 70,000 to 26,000. MnP treatment also decreased the Mw of PAA with a p-aminoaniline or aldehyde group. Furthermore, the MnP treatment generated a significant depolymerization of the cross-linked PAA with p-aminophenol from an insoluble polymer to water soluble products. These results suggest that functional groups generating radicals can act as elemental devices and induce degradation of the PAA main chain. 相似文献
46.
Kensuke Okada William R. Pitchers Manmohan D. Sharma John Hunt David J. Hosken 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(9):1773-1778
Intraspecific variation in a resting metabolic rate (RMR) is likely to be an important determinant of energetic-resource use
and may influence the resources subsequently available for allocation to traits not directly associated with somatic maintenance.
The influence of RMR on resource availability could be especially important for condition-dependent sexual traits, such as
cricket calls, that are themselves energetically costly to produce. RMR may also be associated with longevity, either negatively
because individuals with a high RMR burn resources faster and die young, or positively as individuals with high RMR are more
able to accrue resources to fuel survival. Additionally, the associations between RMR and other characters may vary across
populations if differential selection or drift shapes these traits. Here we tested for differences in RMR, body mass, calling
effort, and longevity in two populations of cricket Gryllodes sigillatus and then evaluated the potential influence of RMR on calling and longevity. We find that RMR, calling effort, and longevity
varied across populations, but mass did not. Controlling for population and mass, RMR was not significantly associated with
calling effort, but was negatively associated with longevity. These findings suggest that male crickets that live fast die
young. 相似文献
47.
Effect of metal ions on decomposition of chlorinated organic substances by ozonation in acetic acid 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The objective of this study is to find metal ions that enhance the ozone decomposition of chlorinated organic substances in acetic acid. Although the pseudo-first order degradation rate constant for 2,4-DCP by ozone in acetic acid in addition of Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+ and Fe2+ were almost the same as that with no metal ion, the degradation rate in addition of Mn2+ and Fe3+ were 2.4 and 4.5 times as high as that with no metal ion, respectively. The presence of Fe3+ enhanced the degradation of 2,4-DCP by ozone in acetic acid because Fe3+-phenolate complex which have high reactivity with ozone was produced by the reaction between 2,4-DCP and Fe3+ in acetic acid. 相似文献