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271.
Ali Ahsan Chen Longbin Nasir Muhammad Salman Wu Chao Guo Baolin Yang Yaodong 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(2):1075-1092
Environmental Chemistry Letters - In the context of climate change, freshwater shrinkage and industrialization, human diseases are increasing due to water pollution by toxic chemicals and... 相似文献
272.
Muhammad Masood Ashiq Farhad Jazaei Kati Bell Ahmed Shakir Ali Ali Alireza Bakhshaee Peyman Babakhani 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(10):124
Despite extensive research on microplastics (MP) in marine environments, little is known about MP abundance and transport in terrestrial systems. There is, therefore, still little understanding of the main mechanisms driving the substantial transport of MP across different environmental compartments. Storm events can transport MP beyond boundaries, such as from the land to groundwater or the ocean, as has already been discovered for organic carbon transport. Urban stormwater detention ponds are suitable environments to study the impact of stormwater on the environmental fate and transport of MP. Herein, we investigate the longitudinal and vertical distribution of MP within two detention ponds with different physical characteristics. Soil samples were collected at various locations and from multiple depths (surface and subsurface layers) for measuring MP concentrations using fluorescence microscopy. Our findings show that MP are retained more near the inlet of the ponds, and MP of larger sizes were found more abundantly near inlets than outlets. We also found that MP mass and sizes decrease from surface soil to subsurface soil. In the pond, where vegetation (grass root network) was more considerable, MP were found more evenly distributed along the depth. In terms of shape, the fragments were the most abundant MP shape. 相似文献
273.
Muhammad?AzmiEmail authorView authors OrcID profile Akihiro?Tokai 《The Environmentalist》2016,36(4):335-350
Transportation sector is the second largest producer of greenhouse gas in Malaysia next to energy sector. It contributes to nearly 28 % of annual national carbon emissions due to its heavy dependency of hydrocarbons such as gasoline. If not properly managed, carbon dioxide emissions per capita are expected to nearly double in the next 5 years. Lack of interdisciplinary study on this sector has caused proper mitigation initiatives to be delayed, compounding the damage to the ecosystem. The objective of this study is to develop a dynamic probabilistic model to determine emissions and pollutants of transportation system in Malaysia using Analytica software, with focus on passenger cars for its large number over other vehicle classes. Several vehicle fleet management policies based on several key governmental, industrial and stakeholder’s intervention have been constructed and analyzed for a period of 25 years. This analysis found that greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants in 2040 can be reduced by up to 80 %, compared to emissions of 2020, without any adverse effect on vehicle demand nor the economy. However, without proper intervention, personal transportation system in Malaysia will generate nearly 80,000 kilotons of greenhouse gas annually by the year 2040. 相似文献
274.
Muhammad Junaid Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi Riffat Naseem Malik 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(18):18010-18026
The study aimed to monitor heavy metal (chromium, Cr; cadmium, Cd; nickel, Ni; copper, Cu; lead, Pb; iron, Fe; manganese, Mn; and zinc, Zn) footprints in biological matrices (urine, whole blood, saliva, and hair), as well as in indoor industrial dust samples, and their toxic effects on oxidative stress and health risks in exposed workers. Overall, blood, urine, and saliva samples exhibited significantly higher concentrations of toxic metals in exposed workers (Cr; blood 16.30 μg/L, urine 58.15 μg/L, saliva 5.28 μg/L) than the control samples (Cr; blood 5.48 μg/L, urine 4.47 μg/L, saliva 2.46 μg/L). Indoor industrial dust samples also reported to have elevated heavy metal concentrations, as an example, Cr quantified with concentration of 299 mg/kg of dust, i.e., more than twice the level of Cr in household dust (136 mg/kg). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) level presented significant positive correlation (p?≤?0.01) with Cr, Zn, and Cd (Cr?>?Zn?>?Cd) which is an indication of heavy metal’s associated raised oxidative stress in exposed workers. Elevated average daily intake (ADI) of heavy metals resulted in cumulative hazard quotient (HQ) range of 2.97–18.88 in workers of different surgical units; this is an alarming situation of health risk implications. Principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR)-based pie charts represent that polishing and cutting sections exhibited highest metal inputs to the biological and environmental matrices than other sources. Heavy metal concentrations in biological matrices and dust samples showed a significant positive correlation between Cr in dust, urine, and saliva samples. Current study will help to generate comprehensive base line data of heavy metal status in biomatrices and dust from scientifically ignored industrial sector. Our findings can play vital role for health departments and industrial environmental management system (EMS) authorities in policy making and implementation. 相似文献
275.
Muhammad Al-Zahrani Ammar Musa Shakhawat Chowdhury 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2016,18(3):777-798
A multi-objective goal programming model was developed for water distribution from multiple sources to multiple users. The model was applied in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for the period of 2015–2050. In Riyadh, water sources are groundwater (GW), desalinated water (DW) and treated wastewater (TWW), while the users are domestic, agricultural and industrial sectors. The model was applied to: (1) satisfy water demands and quality; (2) maximize TWW reuse and GW conservation; and (3) minimize overproduction of DW and overall cost. In 2015, the required allocations of GW, DW and TWW are 3286, 662 and 609 MCM, respectively, which are projected to be 4345, 1554 and 1305 MCM in 2050, respectively. GW source is likely to satisfy the predicted withdrawal of GW till 2035, while probabilities of non-satisfaction of full demands of GW in 2040, 2045 and 2050 were 0.04, 0.23 and 0.51, respectively. Supply of DW and reuse of TWW are needed to be increased to satisfy the predicted quantities during 2015–2050. 相似文献
276.
Fozia Batool Shahid Iqbal Kim Wei Chan Muhammad Ilyas Tariq Afzal Shah Muhammad Mustaqeem 《Environmental Forensics》2015,16(1):1-6
Hair and nail samples from young Pakistani adults were separately analyzed for quantification of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations. The concentrations of these metals were also analyzed in commonly consumed local foods to evaluate potential correlation of hair and nail concentrations with diet. Pearson correlation coefficients ranged from 0.349 to 0.999, demonstrating diet to be a significant contributor for accumulation of heavy metals in humans. 相似文献
277.
Jawad Ahmad Khan Fahad Pervaiz Nazar Mohammad Ranjha Muhammad Naeem Nayab Khalid Zeeshan Javaid 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2017,25(3):556-568
In the present work covalently crosslinked smart polymeric system of hydrogel based on poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and methacrylic acid (MA) was designed by free radical polymerization with different compositions using glyoxal (40 % water solution) as crosslinker. It was observed that swelling of hydrogel had a pronounced enhancing effect on increasing the concentration of MA due to availability of more ionized carboxylic groups of MA but produced an opposite effect on increasing the concentration of glyoxal owing to less porous structure. As far as PVA is concerned, swelling did not show significant effect on increasing the concentration of PVA. Hydrophilic polymer PVA rich in hydroxyl group pertained to be highly interactive with water. It was examined that the release of metoprolol tartrate decreased with increased concentration of glyoxal, but increased with increase in concentration of MA. PVA/MA hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to study the structure and crystallinity of hydrogel respectively. Morphology was studied through scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were also performed to characterize thermal stability. It may be concluded that the mechanism of drug release was mainly non-Fickian diffusion. 相似文献
278.
Impact of climate factors on cyanobacterial dynamics and their interactions with water quality in South Taihu Lake,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shams Ali Baig Linglin Huang Tiantian Sheng Xiaoshu Lv Zhe Yang Muhammad Qasim 《Chemistry and Ecology》2017,33(1):76-87
Cyanobacterial bloom events in South Taihu Lake cause serious water quality problems and disturb aesthetic view of lake’s environment. In this study, correlations between cyanobacterial blooms and hydro-meteorological factors, including water quality, temperature and precipitation were investigated. Results demonstrated that South Taihu Lake was heavily affected by cyanobacteria and the proliferation of cyanobacteria due to variations in hydro-meteorological factors and water quality conditions. Water quality parameters, including COD, NH3-N, TN and TP improved significantly since 2008 even at an elevated cyanobacterial bloom situation. Correlation analyses have shown that the development of cyanobacterial density and chlorophyll a concentration was sensitive to a wider temperature variation. The optimum temperature for cyanobacteria was 20°C, while extremely low and high temperatures were found to suppress their growth. Moreover, unusual rainfall patterns were measured during the study period (2003–2009), which showed an adverse impact on cyanobacterial development. Findings from this study suggested that seasonal lake’s water quality monitoring; suitable treatment of cyanobacterial blooms and strict policy implementation can solve the water quality issues in highly eutrophic lakes like Taihu. 相似文献
279.
Muhammad Sajid Muhammad Ilyas 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(30):23436-23440
PTFE is used as an inner coating material in non-stick cookware. This unique polymer coating prevents food from sticking in the pans during the cooking process. Such cookware is also easy to wash. At normal cooking temperatures, PTFE-coated cookware releases various gases and chemicals that present mild to severe toxicity. Only few studies describe the toxicity of PTFE but without solid conclusions. The toxicity and fate of ingested PTFE coatings are also not understood. Moreover, the emerging, persistent, and well-known toxic environmental pollutant PFOA is also used in the synthesis of PTFA. There are some reports where PFOA was detected in the gas phase released from the cooking utensils under normal cooking temperatures. Due to toxicity concerns, PFOA has been replaced with other chemicals such as GenX, but these new alternatives are also suspected to have similar toxicity. Therefore, more extensive and systematic research efforts are required to respond the prevailing dogma about human exposure and toxic effects to PTFE, PFOA, and GenX and other alternatives. 相似文献
280.
Chemical speciation and bioavailability of rare earth elements (REEs) in the ecosystem: a review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aysha Masood Khan Nor Kartini Abu Bakar Ahmad Farid Abu Bakar Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(29):22764-22789
Rare earths (RE), chemically uniform group of elements due to similar physicochemical behavior, are termed as lanthanides. Natural occurrence depends on the geological circumstances and has been of long interest for geologist as tools for further scientific research into the region of ores, rocks, and oceanic water. The review paper mainly focuses to provide scientific literature about rare earth elements (REEs) with potential environmental and health effects in understanding the research. This is the initial review of RE speciation and bioavailability with current initiative toward development needs and research perceptive. In this paper, we have also discussed mineralogy, extraction, geochemistry, analytical methods of rare earth elements. In this study, REEs with their transformation and vertical distribution in different environments such as fresh and seawater, sediments, soil, weathering, transport, and solubility have been reported with most recent literature along key methods of findings. Speciation and bioavailability have been discussed in detail with special emphasis on soil, plant, and aquatic ecosystems and their impacts on the environment. This review shows that REE gained more importance in last few years due to their detrimental effects on living organisms, so their speciation, bioavailability, and composition are much more important to evaluate their health risks and are discussed thoroughly as well. 相似文献