Exposure of biota in the cooling pond of Ignalina NPP: hydrophytes

The radiological assessment of non-human biota is now accepted by a number of international bodies. In this connection the scientific basis to assess and evaluate biota internal and external radiation exposure is required. This paper presents the comparison of freshwater biota (hydrophyte species) exposure due to discharged anthropogenic radionuclides with that due to natural background radiation. The radionuclides from Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (Lithuania) are discharged into cooling pond - Druksiai Lake. Submerged hydrophytes were selected as biota exposure indicators because they represent the largest biomass in this lake and have comparatively high radionuclide activity concentrations. The detailed methodology evaluation of the submerged hydrophyte dose rate is presented. The ionizing radiation exposure dose rates to submerged hydrophyte roots and above sediment parts due to the major radionuclides ((54)Mn, (60)Co, (137)Cs, (90)Sr) discharged into the INPP cooling pond - Druksiai Lake were 0.044 microGyh(-1) and 0.004 microGyh(-1), respectively. The internal exposure dose rate due to natural background alpha-emitters ((210)Po,(238)U, (226)Ra) was estimated to be 1.24 microGyh(-1), as compared with that of anthropogenic alpha-emitter (240)Pu - 0.04 microGyh(-1), whereas the external exposure was 0.069 microGyh(-1). The presented data deeper the knowledge about the concentration of radionuclides and submerged hydrophytes' exposure dose rates in European freshwater ecosystems.     

Review of Russian language studies on radionuclide behaviour in agricultural animals: part 1. Gut absorption

An extensive programme of experiments was conducted in the former USSR on transfer of radionuclides to a wide range of different agricultural animals. Only a few of these studies were made available in the English language literature or taken into account in international reviews of gastrointestinal uptake. The paper gives extended information on Russian research on radionuclide absorption in the gut of farm animals performed in controlled field and laboratory experiments from the 1960s to the current time. The data presented in the paper, together with English language values, will be used to provide recommended values of absorption specifically for farm animals within the revision of the IAEA Handbook of Parameter Values IAEA [International Atomic Energy Agency, 1994. Handbook of Parameter Values for the Prediction of Radionuclide Transfer in Temperate Environments, IAEA technical reports series No. 364. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna].     

淮北市煤炭开采与生态系统服务耦合度研究

为研究煤炭资源型城市煤炭开采与生态系统服务的耦合协调发展态势,以我国高潜水位煤炭资源型城市——淮北市为研究对象,在分析煤炭开采与生态系统服务耦合作用机理的基础上,采用基于灰色关联分析的关联度模型和耦合度模型,揭示了1990-2016年该地区煤炭开采与生态系统服务耦合度的时序变化规律.结果表明:①淮北市煤炭开采与生态系统服务两个系统指标间的关联度均在0.447 5~0.553 4之间,其中,煤炭开采对生态系统服务的胁迫作用主要是水资源破坏,而生态系统服务对煤炭开采的约束作用主要来自调节服务.②淮北市煤炭开采与生态系统服务耦合度表现为1990-1999年逐渐降低、2000-2008年不断升高、2009年之后又呈下降趋势,反映了该地区煤炭开采与生态系统之间的矛盾趋于缓和,出现了统筹协调发展的大好形势.研究显示,1990-2016年淮北市煤炭开采与生态系统服务总体上呈中等耦合态势,耦合度时序变化总体上呈"倒N"型变化特征,今后需继续推进资源型城市转型建设,加大生态治理力度,以保持统筹协调发展态势.      

亚南极潮间带生物体中PAHs组成特征及源解析

该研究在中国第27次南极科考(27th CHINARE)度夏期间(2009.11-2010.01)在长城湾潮间带采集了11种常见生物样品,通过GC-MS检测了生物体内的16种常见多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)的含量,根据检测数据分析亚南极地区海域潮间带生物群落中的PAHs在潮间带生物群落中的含量状况,初步探讨该地区PAHs的潜在来源。ΣPAHs为136.97~649.31(ng/g干重,下同),萘、菲、蒽、芴等低环芳烃所有生物样品均检出包括萘、菲、蒽、芴等常见低环芳烃,苯并芘(a)、茚苯(1,2,3-cd)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)芘少数样品苯并芘(a)、茚苯(1,2,3-cd)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)芘未检出,ΣPAHs为136.97~649.31(ng/g干重,下同),低环芳烃占57.45%~86.27%,Phe和Nap是最主要的2种PAHs。采用比值法分析该地区PAHs组成可知该地区PAHs主要来自柴油燃烧和柴油泄漏。对不同生物体内的16种多环芳烃组成比例进行比较,可以发现长城湾潮间带生物群落具有相似的PAHs组成比例。     

发光细菌法评价排污口污水中总有机污染物毒性

利用发光细菌发光原理,建立以明亮发光杆菌(photobacterium phosphoreum)T3变种作为毒性测试物种检测环境中总有机污染物毒性的方法,并用该方法评价环渤海排污口总有机物毒性分布状况。测试结果显示,建立的相关方程及相关性显著性检验P0.01,HgCl2 EC50值基本在0.10±0.02 mg/L范围内波动,指标符合方法规定要求,即发光菌监测排污口中总有机污染物毒性测试结果是准确可信的。用发光细菌法评价环渤海20个排污口,其中剧毒占10%,高毒占25%,重毒占5%,中毒占10%,低毒占50%。发光细菌法能客观、快速、准确地反映废水中总有机污染物毒性状况,该方法在水质监测总有机物毒性中有着广泛的应用前景。     

Redesigning the FDMT Food Chain Transfer Model: Now Probabilistically Enabled and Fully Flexible

Environmental Modeling & Assessment - In Europe, the two main nuclear accident response decision support systems in use are ARGOS and JRODOS, both of which make use of the FDMT (Food Chain and...