利用煤矸石制备低环境负荷型水泥的研究

煤矸石是我国排放量最大的工业废渣之一,破坏生态环境,不利于可持续发展。本文分析与研究了煤矸石的综合利用现状,着重探讨了煤矸石在我国水泥工业中的应用,并从材料学、热学和环境学等交叉学科入手研究了利用煤矸石生产低环境负荷型水泥的控制理论与技术及其社会经济效益。     

Global Trend of Low-carbon Economy and China's Responses

Based on the analysis on the global economic crisis,climate change crisis and their mutual underlying reasons,the authors believe that low-carbon economy has become an inevitable choice to break through the dual crises,coordinate the economic development,and protect the global climate.The global trend of low-carbon economy finds expression in Green Recovery currently,while,in a long run,it will give rise to a new pattern of world competition in politics,economy,technology,trade and finance.The impact of the...     

Environment and Personal Well-being in Urban China

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between environment and personal well-being using a sample of 562 urban employees from three cities in Liaoning province in the People’s Republic of China.In contrast to previous studies,this study controlled positive affectivity (PA),negative affectivity (NA),job satisfaction and Big Five personality traits.In addition,the research variables of personal well-being index (PWI),positive affectivity,negative affectivity,job satisfaction,Big Five,and environmental satisfaction are measured with multi-item scales.The research finds that environmental satisfaction is positively related to personal well-being,suggesting that improvement of the natural surroundings in the cities can improve people’s well-being.     

Towards a new climate economics:research areas and prospects

International cooperation to address climate change now stands at a crossroads.With a new international regime for emissions reduction established by the Durban Platform, "New Climate Economics(NCE)" has become a research hotspot.The need for urgent action to combat climate change has prompted discussion on reforms of economic growth patterns and the energy system.The industrial civilization,therefore,now faces a transition towards a new pathway for ecological sustainability.NCE explores new economic concepts,theories,and analytical methods to design a balanced pathway for sustainable growth and emission reduction.Instead of getting trapped in discussions on allocation of emission reduction responsibilities and obligations among countries,NCE pays more attention to developing win-win multilateral cooperation mechanisms that facilitate collaborative RD and knowledge sharing.In addition,NCE studies incentives for low-carbon transition,turning carbon emission reduction into a domestic need for countries to increase their international competitiveness.To achieve the 2°C target,most countries around the world face challenges of insufficient emission allowances to cover expected emissions associated with their projected economic growth.As carbon emissions rights becomes an increasingly scarce resource,increasing the carbon productivity of the economy turns to be the critical path to address the dilemma of green or growth.NCE studies the historical evolution of carbon productivity for countries at different development stages as well as ways to enhance such carbon productivity.This type of study provides invaluable lessons for emerging economies to reach their own emission peaks without losing the momentum of growth.Replacing fossil fuels with new and renewable energy has proven to be an inevitable choice for reshaping the energy system and addressing climate change- it has already become a global trend.NCE studies incentives for new energy technology innovation and deployment provided by carbon pricing,and sheds light on the co-benefits of climate change mitigation,such as resource conservation,environmental protection,and energy security.The role of carbon pricing in promoting intemational RD cooperation and technical transfer will also be studied.The shift in consumption patterns is another key factor enabling a low-carbon transformation.Therefore,NCE also explores the theoretical work on new values of wealth,welfare and consumption,new lifestyles in the context of ecological civilization,concepts and implementation of low-carbon urban planning in developing countries,and the impacts of consumption pattern changes on social development,material production,and urban infrastructure construction.     

基于GIS的滑坡灾害风险空间预测

滑坡灾害风险评价是一个包含有滑坡危险性评价和承灾体易损性评价的体系,对滑坡危险性进行了空间预测与区划,并开展了区域承灾体易损性的区划与评价。结合风险评价的基本要求,进行了研究区滑坡灾害的风险区划,将其划分为极高、高、中、低与极低风险区。针对研究区经济发展水平及政府防灾力度,提出了适合研究区的可接受风险标准与管理对策。     

2010年渤海海冰灾害特征分析

2010年中国遭遇到近30年来最严重的海冰冰情,因灾直接经济损失高达63.18亿元,占全年海洋灾害总经济损失的47.6%——海冰成为中国2010年海洋灾害中的主要灾种之一。基于区域灾害系统论,运用气象数据、MODIS图像和社会经济统计等资料,对2010年渤海海冰灾害的特征进行了初步分析。结果显示,以莱州湾结冰范围扩大为代表的渤海海冰分布变化是致灾因子区域危险性增大的主要特征,环渤海地区海水养殖面积和产量的增加是承灾体暴露性增大的主要特征,而总体灾情严重则是二者的综合结果。     

中国技术灾害的时序变化与区域差异

近年来,由于生产的全球化、工业水平的迅速提高、技术系统的复杂化和规模化,以及社会结构急剧变化,我国技术灾害的发生频次增多,强度加剧,经济损失趋于上升.技术灾害继自然灾害之后,已逐渐发展为威胁我国人民生命安全和生存环境的主要灾种.基于技术灾害数据库,从致灾因子多度、风险频数、相对损失强度和综合风险指数等4个方面对中国技术灾害的时序变化和区域差异进行了分析与探讨,以期加深对中国技术灾害的系统认识,并为中国技术灾害的风险管理提供依据.     

VR-GIS技术在小城镇洪水淹没模拟分析中的应用

近年来利用计算机和信息技术研究洪水灾害是个研究热点,但小城镇在防洪减灾方面缺少应有的关注和重视。本文对VR(虚拟现实技术)-GIS技术在小城镇洪水淹没模拟分析中的应用进行了研究,解决了系统实现过程中的一系列关键技术:小城镇空间数据库的建库技术及三维可视化、洪水淹没范围的确定,以及洪水淹没实时动态演示等问题。该技术已在国家十五科技攻关项目所开发的《小城镇基础设施防灾减灾决策支持系统》中得以实现。实践证明:小城镇空间数据库的建库技术速度快、成本低,适合中国小城镇的信息化现状。利用淹没范围的近似计算模型,可以有效迅速准确地计算出洪水淹没范围,有利于防洪减灾的迅速决策,且偏于安全。小城镇洪水灾害的三维可视化模拟,可以实时动态地演示小城镇遭受洪灾实况的全过程。     

地铁地基液化变形的影响因素研究

研究了一些对地铁隧道抗震稳定有较大影响的因素。例如,地铁隧道的整体平均容重和地铁隧道的埋深,尽管它们对地基的孔隙水压力发展影响不大,但却对地铁隧道的震后残余变形影响相当显著。还有,砂性土中粘性土的含量多少对砂性土的动力行为有直接而显著的影响。最后,从能量的角度分析了输入不同地震波的地铁地基土层动力反应的差异。     

考虑过渡区影响的粉喷桩复合地基承载特性的有限元数值分析

粉喷桩成桩过程中不可避免地会带动桩间土产生强烈的挤压和振动,在固化剂与桩体发生物理化学反应的同时,桩周一定范围内的土体也进行了固化和挤密,使得在桩土交界处形成环向变化的过渡区,过渡区的材料由桩逐渐过渡到桩间土,因此有必要考虑该过渡区对粉喷桩复合地基承载特性的影响。本文从粉喷桩复合地基桩土交界处的特点出发,考虑了桩土材料性质变化的过渡区单元,利用上的摩尔—库仑本构模型,和Plaxis专业岩土软件对粉喷桩复合地基进行了有限元数值分析,就粉喷桩复合地基中桩和土的承载特性得出了一些有益的结论。