排序方式: 共有65条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
51.
Lianou M Chalbot MC Kotronarou A Kavouras IG Karakatsani A Katsouyanni K Puustinnen A Hameri K Vallius M Pekkanen J Meddings C Harrison RM Thomas S Ayres JG Brink Ht Kos G Meliefste K de Hartog JJ Hoek G 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2007,57(12):1507-1517
The associations between residential outdoor and ambient particle mass, fine particle absorbance, particle number (PN) concentrations, and residential and traffic determinants were investigated in four European urban areas (Helsinki, Athens, Amsterdam, and Birmingham). A total of 152 nonsmoking participants with respiratory diseases, not exposed to occupational pollution, were included in the study, which comprised a 7-day intensive exposure monitoring period of both indoor and home outdoor particle mass and number concentrations. The same pollutants were also continuously measured at ambient fixed sites centrally located to the studied areas (fixed ambient sites). Relationships between concentrations measured directly outside the homes (residential outdoor) and at the fixed ambient sites were pollutant-specific, with substantial variations among the urban areas. Differences were more pronounced for coarse particles due to resuspension of road dust and PN, which is strongly related to traffic emissions. Less significant outdoor-to-fixed variation for particle mass was observed for Amsterdam and Birmingham, predominantly due to regional secondary aerosol. On the contrary, a strong spatial variation was observed for Athens and to a lesser extent for Helsinki. This was attributed to the overwhelming and time-varied inputs from traffic and other local sources. The location of the residence and traffic volume and distance to street and traffic light were important determinants of residential outdoor particle concentrations. On average, particle mass levels in suburban areas were less than 30% of those measured for residences located in the city center. Residences located less than 10 m from a street experienced 133% higher PN concentrations than residences located further away. Overall, the findings of this multi-city study, indicated that (1) spatial variation was larger for PN than for fine particulate matter (PM) mass and varied between the cities, (2) vehicular emissions in the residential street and location in the center of the city were significant predictors of spatial variation, and (3) the impact of traffic and location in the city was much larger for PN than for fine particle mass. 相似文献
52.
Haritini Tsangari Anastasia Paschalidou Sotiris Vardoulakis Clare Heaviside Zoi Konsoula Stephanie Christou Kyriakos E. Georgiou Kyriaki Ioannou Theodoulos Mesimeris Savvas Kleanthous Stelios Pashiardis Pavlos Pavlou Pavlos Kassomenos Edna N. Yamasaki 《Regional Environmental Change》2016,16(7):1905-1913
Climatic change results in increased occurrence of heat waves, and the thermal stress caused by such phenomena is leading to higher levels of heat-related mortality worldwide. This study is the first to examine the effect of extreme weather on mortality in Cyprus. It investigates the individual effect of meteorological indicators on mortality, as well as the role of particulate air pollution (PM10). A generalized linear model (GLM) with quasi-Poisson regression was implemented. GLM included a temperature function and was adjusted for relative humidity and seasonality. The temperature function was developed under a newly developed framework of distributed lag nonlinear models, which capture nonlinearities and delayed effects of heat simultaneously. GLM was extended to examine the confounding effect of air pollution. All the results on heat effects are presented. High temperatures had a significant effect on mortality with increased mortality rates, independent of humidity and seasonality. Mortality risk increased steeply above a temperature threshold. A direct heat effect was shown, with higher risk on the current and next day of a severe heat event. PM10 was not found to have a confounding effect on the temperature–mortality relationship, since the strength of this relationship remained after the inclusion of PM10 in the model. Differences existed between urban and coastal areas. 相似文献
53.
Vinke Kira Martin Maria A. Adams Sophie Baarsch Florent Bondeau Alberte Coumou Dim Donner Reik V. Menon Arathy Perrette Mahé Rehfeld Kira Robinson Alexander Rocha Marcia Schaeffer Michiel Schwan Susanne Serdeczny Olivia Svirejeva-Hopkins Anastasia 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(6):1569-1583
Regional Environmental Change - This paper reviews the current knowledge of climatic risks and impacts in South Asia associated with anthropogenic warming levels of 1.5–4 °C... 相似文献
54.
Ioannis Papoulidis Elisavet Siomou Alexandros Sotiriadis George Efstathiou Anastasia Psara Eirini Sevastopoulou Eleftherios Anastasakis Stavros Sifakis Theodora Tsiligianni Maria Kontodiou Christine Malamaki Maria Tzimina Michael Bjorn Petersen Emmanouil Manolakos Apostolos Athanasiadis 《黑龙江环境通报》2012,32(7):680-685
55.
Modeling the formation of chlorination by-products in river waters with different quality 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nikolaou AD Golfinopoulos SK Arhonditsis GB Kolovoyiannis V Lekkas TD 《Chemosphere》2004,55(3):409-420
Water chlorination results in formation of a variety of organic compounds, known as chlorination by-products (CBPs), mainly trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). Factors affecting their concentrations have been found to be organic matter content of water, pH, temperature, chlorine dose, contact time and bromide concentration, but the mechanisms of their formation are still under investigation. Within this scope, chlorination experiments have been conducted with river waters from Lesvos island, Greece, with different water quality regarding bromide concentration and organic matter content. The factors studied were pH, time and chlorine dose. The determination of CBPs was carried out by gas chromatography techniques. Statistical analysis of the results was focused on the development of multiple regression models for predicting the concentrations of total trihalomethanes and total HAAs based on the use of pH, reaction time and chlorine dose. The developed models, although providing satisfactory estimations of the concentrations of the CBPs, showed lower correlation coefficients than the multiple regression models developed for THMs only during previous study. It seems that the different water quality characteristics of the two river waters in the present study is responsible for this phenomenon. The results indicate that under these conditions the formation of THMs and HAAs in water has a more stochastic character, which is difficult to be described by the conventional regression techniques. 相似文献
56.
Nikolaou AD Golfinopoulos SK Lekkas TD Kostopoulou MN 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2004,93(1-3):301-319
Chlorination is the most widely used technique for disinfection of drinking water. A consequence of chlorination is the formation of Disinfection By-Products (DBPs). The formation of DBPs in drinking water results from the reaction of chlorine with naturally occurring organic materials, principally humic and fulvic acids. This paper focuses on the effect of humic substances on the formation of twenty-four compounds belonging to different categories of DBPs. This investigation was conducted in two water treatment plants in Greece, Menidi and Galatsi, from July 1999 to April 2000. Humic substances were determined by the diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) method with subsequent UV measurement. The techniques used for the determination of DBPs were liquid-liquid extraction, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The concentrations of DBPs were generally low. Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) ranged from 5.1 to 24.6 microg L(-1), and total haloacetic acids (HAAs) concentration ranged from 8.6 to 28.4 microg L(-1), while haloaketones (HKs) and chloral hydrate (CH) occurred below 1 microg L(-1). The content of humic substances was found to influence the formation of DBPs and especially TTHMs, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), dibromoacetic acid (DBA), CH, 1,1-dichloropropanone (1.1-DCP) and 1,1,1-trichloropropanone (1,1,1-TCP). Seasonal variation of TTHMs and HAAs generally followed that of humic substances content with peaks occurring in autumn and spring. The trends of 1,1-DCP, 1,1,1-TCP and CH formation seemed to be in contrast to TTHMs and HAAs. Trends of formation of individual compounds varied in some cases, probably due to influence of parameters other than humic substances content. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the concentrations of TTHMs, CH, 1,1-DCP, 1,1,1-TCP, TCA and DBA are strongly affected from humic substances content (at 0.01 confidence level). The opposite is true for dichloroacetic acid (DCA) concentration. Humic substances also vary to a statistically significant degree during different months, as well as the concentrations of TTHMs, CH, 1,1-DCP, 1,1,1-TCP, TCA and DCA. The variance of DBA was not statistically significant. Regarding the effect of sampling station, humic substances content showed no statistically significant difference between the two raw water sources studied. 相似文献
57.
Arditsoglou A Terzi E Kalaitzoglou M Samara C 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(6):354-356
The recovery of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from lignite coal burnt in Greek power stations and the fly ash produced is examined comparatively using Soxhlet, ultrasonic and accelerated solvent extraction procedures with various organic solvents. Soxhlet using toluene/methanol mixture and accelerated solvent extraction/toluene were found to be the most efficient methods for fly ash PAHs, yielding average recoveries of about 80%. The accelerated solvent extraction/toluene procedure was superior for lignite PAHs, yielding 96% average recovery, whereas ultrasonic and Soxhlet extraction yielded relatively lower recoveries (75% and 67%, respectively). 相似文献
58.
59.
Galchenko Alexey Vladimirovich Sidorova Elizaveta Ilinichna Sherstneva Anastasia Alekseevna Skalny Andrew Anatolevich Lobanova Julia Nikolaevna 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(6):8341-8352
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Due to the development of the metallurgical and energy industries and the operation of incinerators, more and more environmental pollution is... 相似文献
60.
Christos P. Papaneophytou Anastasia A. Pantazaki 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(4):876-886
A novel affinity chromatographic material, which is composed of silica matrix, coated with polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) powder,
suitable for the purification of PHB depolymerases, was developed. The surface morphology of the PHB-silica coated particles
(silica-PHB composite particles) was examined by scanning electron microscopy and revealed a successful uniform coating of
silica particles with PHB. Moreover, the complex of these materials retained its homogeneity even after incubation at 80 °C
for 6 h, whereas the strong binding of PHB on silica surface was further verified by thermal gravimetric analysis and by PHB
extraction- from silica surface- experiments. This novel material was demonstrated to be suitable for both, the one-step on-batch
and on-column purification of Thermus thermophilus extracellular PHB depolymerase. The enzyme exhibited higher affinity against the composite of silica-PHB particles than PHB
powder, since the one-step purification-fold and the overall recovery of the enzyme were 2.8 and 4 times higher respectively,
in the first case. Reusability of the silica-PHB composites particles was examined by determining the recoveries of PHB depolymerase.
The enzyme recoveries were ranged from 30 to 35% for the first five uses, whereas for further uses recoveries gradually dropped
to 15–18% indicating that the particles could be used repeatedly for five times. This material could be also a suitable support
for lipases or other proteins that exhibit strong affinity to hydrophobic materials. 相似文献