MnOx/介孔γ-Al2O3催化臭氧化降解水中安替比林的研究

以自制的介孔γ-Al₂O₃为载体,通过等体积浸渍法合成了MnO_x/介孔γ-Al₂O₃催化剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜 (TEM) 以及紫外可见漫反射（UV-Vis DRS）等手段对其进行表征。结果表明,锰氧化物在介孔氧化铝载体上具有较高的分散度,并且锰以多种价态存在。高度分散以及多价态的MnO_x能够提高催化臭氧化过程中电荷转移,引起更高     

Equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption of phosphate onto iron-doped activated carbon

Purpose

Two series of activated carbons modified by Fe (II) and Fe (III) (denoted as AC/N-Fe^II and AC/N-Fe^III), respectively, were used as adsorbents for the removal of phosphate in aqueous solutions.

Method

The synthesized adsorbent materials were investigated by different experimental analysis means. The adsorption of phosphate on activated carbons has been studied in kinetic and equilibrium conditions taking into account the adsorbate concentration, temperature, and solution pH as major influential factors.

Results

Maximum removals of phosphate are obtained in the pH range of 3.78?C6.84 for both adsorbents. Langmuir isotherm adsorption equation well describes the experimental adsorption isotherms. Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second order kinetic model. Results suggest that the main phase formed in AC/N-Fe^II and AC/N-Fe^III is goethite and akaganeite, respectively; the presence of iron oxides significantly affected the surface area and the pore structure of the activated carbon.

Conclusions

Studies revealed that iron-doped activated carbons were effective in removing phosphate. AC/N-Fe^II has a higher phosphate removal capacity than AC/N-Fe^III, which could be attributed to its better intra-particle diffusion and higher binding energy. The activation energy for adsorption was calculated to be 22.23 and 10.89 kJ mol^?1 for AC/N-Fe^II and AC/N-Fe^III, respectively. The adsorption process was complex; both surface adsorption and intra-particle diffusion were simultaneously occurring during the process and contribute to the adsorption mechanism.     

Classification technique for danger classes of coal and gas outburst in deep coal mines

In this investigation a new classification technique based on artificial neural network (ANN) and exponent evaluation method (EEM) has been developed to classify the danger classes of coal and gas outburst in deep mines. A weight computing model of mutual affecting factors is derived from backward algorithm of ANN (BA-ANN), which diminishes the influence of factitious factor, the environment factor and the time factor to the weight. The BA-ANN model is used for modeling the correlation between danger class and 12 affecting factors of coal and gas outburst and calculating weights of interconnection factors, which performs very well. In order to classify danger classes in a daily routine, the EEM with the well trained weights which are from BA-ANN, is performed in a deep mine. The case study shows that this new technique is useful to classify danger classes with quick and accurate computation. Moreover, the weight computing model of BA-ANN can be extended to other safety issue in different fields as well.     

Socioeconomic status and the occurrence of non-fatal child pedestrian injury: Results from a cross-sectional survey

This study is to examine the contribution of socioeconomic status (SES) to the risk of nonfatal pedestrian injury among children. The sample was obtained from two urban cities of China using multi-staged randomized sampling. Information was collected by respondents’ reporting using self-administrative way in the classroom under the guidance of interviewers. A logistic regression analysis was applied to examine the associations between SES and nonfatal children pedestrian injury. The results showed that boys and children aged 10 had significantly increased odds of suffering nonfatal pedestrian injury. Migrant children were at higher risk of being injured. Students whose mothers’ educational levels were either less than secondary school or postgraduate were more likely to sustain injury. Children who were from wealthier families or poorer families easily suffered from injury compared to children from middle families. Children living with grandparents, or siblings, or a single father, or a single mother were all at increased risk of injury. The possible causes or pathways of these SESs’ impacts on pedestrian injury were explored in discussion. This study suggests that SESs are important determinants of nonfatal pedestrian injury among children in China.     

生物-光催化反应器系统处理印染废水的研究

实验室规模间歇排放延时曝气（ＩＤＥＡ）生物反应器及ＴｉＯ２光催化反应器组成的生物－光催化反应器系统，处理由３种不工业染料的人工配制印染废水，结果表明，此系统能够有效去除印染废水中的生物可降解及不可生物降解的ＣＯＤ，且能够将废水完全脱色、该系统有很高的抗冲击负荷及处理高浓度印染废水的能力。     

Residues of fluoroquinolones in marine aquaculture environment of the Pearl River Delta, South China

Concentrations and distributions of selected fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin) in water, sediments and nine kinds of fish species collected from 6 sites in two marine aquaculture regions of the Pearl River Delta, China, were analyzed by using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (HPLC). The results showed that the concentrations of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin were below the limits of quantification (LOQ) in all water samples except for norfloxacin. Norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin concentrations ranged from 1.88 to 11.20 ng g⁻¹ dry wt, 0.76–2.42 ng g⁻¹ dry wt in sediments collected from the Dapeng’ao region (sites 1–3) and ranged from 2.31 to 4.75 ng g⁻¹ dry wt, 1.26–1.76 ng g⁻¹ dry wt in sediments collected from the Hailing Island region (sites 4–6), respectively. However, no enrofloxacin was found in all sediment samples. The three fluoroquinolones (FQs) were detected in all fish samples, and the concentrations were higher in liver tissues than those in muscle tissues. The levels of norfloxacin were higher than ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin in both liver and muscle tissues. Among the nine marine fish species, Siganus fuscescens from Hailing Island had a significantly high level of norfloxacin in liver tissue (254.58 ng g⁻¹ wet wt), followed by Sparus macrocephalus (133.15 ng g⁻¹ wet wt) from Dapeng’ao, and the lowest value was Lutianus argentimaculatus (5.18 ng g⁻¹ wet wt) from Hailing Island. The obtained results of FQs in present study do not represent a risk to the human health in Guangdong coastal area, based on the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by Chinese Government and the acceptable daily intake (ADI) recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization (FAO/WHO).     

Reproductive competition and fecal testosterone in wild male giant pandas (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ailuropoda melanoleuca</Emphasis>)

The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is notoriously difficult to study in the wild, but its interesting reproductive ecology makes the effort worthwhile. Perhaps more than most species, the panda is energy-limited, which alters the cost/benefit analysis of its reproductive ecology. Using global positioning system/very high frequency radiocollars to locate mating aggregations, we used behavioral observations and fecal testosterone assays to gain insight into male panda reproductive effort and strategies, and test theories relating to reproductive competition. Male pandas initially competed fiercely for access to females that were about to be fertile, but once male competitive status was determined, aggression rates declined. Contact aggression was only observed during the first 2 days of mating aggregations; thereafter, it was replaced with noncontact aggression and avoidance. Agonistic interactions were highly asymmetrical, with contest losers (subordinates) showing less aggression and more avoidance than contest winners (dominants), both before and after contest outcome was established. The competitively superior male displayed mate-guarding tactics and secured all observed copulations. Contrary to theoretical predictions, testosterone levels did not predict aggression levels or contest winners and also were not affected by winning or losing a contest. Body size appeared to be the primary determinant of contest outcome. We discuss our findings in light of theoretical predictions, such as those arising from the “challenge hypothesis,” in the context of the giant panda’s foraging and nutritional ecology.     

区域地震应急能力优先建设矩阵构建方法的初步研究——以四川省为例

借鉴新一代的时间管理理论——"时间管理优先矩阵",提出并分析了区域地震应急能力优先建设矩阵的概念。分别以区域绝对和相对地震应急能力作为优先建设矩阵中"紧迫与否"和"重要与否"的定量化评价指标,构建了区域地震应急能力优先建设矩阵,划分了能力建设的四种类型,即需重点建设且紧迫性较强的区域类型(第Ⅰ类)、需重点建设但紧迫性较弱的区域类型(第Ⅱ类)、次重要建设但具一定紧迫性的区域类型(第Ⅲ类)和次重要建设且紧迫性较弱的区域类型(第Ⅳ类),在区域能力建设过程中应当遵循从第Ⅰ类到第Ⅳ类建设力度由重到轻、时间由急到缓,逐步开展的原则。最后,以四川省为例,以县(市)为基本评价单元,给出了四川省未来地震应急能力建设的优先等级类型。     

不同桩芯微型桩抗弯承载力试验研究∗

为研究不同桩芯微型桩在隧道洞口不良地质边坡中的治理效果,拟对钢筋-混凝土、工字钢-混凝土、钢管-钢筋-混凝土、钢管-工字钢-混凝土微型桩开展抗弯极限承载力试验。研究表明,工字钢-混凝土微型桩相比钢筋-混凝土微型桩极限抗弯承载力不仅大幅度提升,其抵抗位移变形的能力也有所增加。钢筋-混凝土微型桩和工字钢-混凝土微型桩桩径由140 mm变化到203 mm,韧性分别提高25%、50%,抗弯承载力分别提高89%、91%。钢管微型桩的韧度、极限抗弯承载力都明显强于裸露混凝土桩,即使变形已非常显著,仍能继续受力。钢管-钢筋-混凝土微型桩、钢管-工字钢-混凝土微型桩桩径由140 mm变化到203 mm,抗弯承载力分别提高近256%、265%。     

17α-Ethynylestradiol biodegradation in different river-based groundwater recharge modes with reclaimed water and degradation-associated community structure of bacteria and archaea

This study investigated 17α-ethynylestradiol(EE2) biodegradation process and primary metabolic pathways associated with community structures of microorganism during groundwater recharge using reclaimed water. The attenuation rate is 1.58 times higher in wetting and drying alternative recharge(WDAR) than in continual recharge(CR). The primary biotransformation pathways of EE2 in WDAR system began with the oxidation of C-17 on ring D to form a ketone group, and D-ring was subsequently hydroxylated and cleaved. In the CR system, the metabolic pathway changed from the oxidation of C-17 on ring D to hydroxylation of C-4 on ring A, and ring A or B subsequently cleaved; this transition was related to DO, and the microbial community structure. Four hundred fifty four pyrosequencing of 16 s r RNA genes indicated that the bacterial communities in the upper layer of the WDAR system were more diverse than those found in the bottom layer of the CR system; this result was reversed for archaea. Unweighted Uni Frac and taxonomic analyses were conducted to relate the change in bacterial community structure to the metabolic pathway. Microorganism community diversity and structure were related to the concentrations of dissolved oxygen, EE2 and its intermediates in the system. Five known bacterial classes and one known archaeal class, five major bacterial genera and one major archaeal genus might be involved in EE2 degradation. The findings of this study provide an understanding of EE2 biodegradation in groundwater recharge areas under different recharging modes and can facilitate the prediction of the fate of EE2 in underground aquifers.