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371.
Konstantinos C. Makris Dibyendu Sarkar Jason Salazar Pravin Punamiya Rupali Datta 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(1):195-202
Background, aim, and scope
Alum (aluminum sulfate) is the currently preferred chemical amendment for phosphorus (P) treatment in poultry litter (PL). Aluminum-based drinking-water treatment residuals (Al-WTRs) are the waste by-product of the drinking-water treatment process and have been effectively used to remove P from aqueous solutions, but their effectiveness in PL water extracts has not been studied in detail. Elevated cost associated with alum could be minimized by using the equally effective WTRs to remove soluble P from PL, and they can be obtained at a minimal cost from drinking-water treatment plants. 相似文献372.
373.
International environmental agreements (IEAs) can coordinate abatement of transboundary pollutants. This paper investigates
how heterogeneous countries facing a stock pollutant might structure such an agreement. In particular, we examine how an IEA
might be implemented with a set of monetary transfers. The focus is on transfers that are time invariant, linear in emissions,
and consistent with budget balance. There is a range of such schemes that would induce efficient emissions. We provide a simple
and intuitive characterization of these penalties and describe how specific proposals might be chosen in order to facilitate
compliance and implementation. Our proposals are illustrated with a simple example. We show that heterogeneity reduces the
scope for penalty schemes to jointly satisfy desirable properties. 相似文献
374.
375.
The Role of Disaggregation of Asset Values in Flood Loss Estimation: A Comparison of Different Modeling Approaches at the Mulde River,Germany 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Anja Wünsch Ulrich Herrmann Heidi Kreibich Annegret H. Thieken 《Environmental management》2009,44(3):524-541
In loss estimation there is a spatial mismatch of hazard data that are commonly modeled on an explicit raster level and exposure
data that are often available only for aggregated administrative units. Usually disaggregation methods that use ancillary
information to distribute lumped exposure data in a finer spatial resolution help to bridge this gap. However, the actual
influence of different mapping techniques and ancillary data on the final loss estimation has not been analyzed yet. In this
paper three methods are applied to disaggregate residential building assets using two kinds of land use/land cover (LULC)
data. The resulting disaggregated assets are validated and compared using census data of the residential building number on
the community and constituency level. In addition, the disaggregated assets are taken to estimate residential building losses
due to the flood in August 2002 in 21 municipalities on the River Mulde in Saxony, Germany. Losses are calculated with the
help of four loss models. In general, disaggregation helps to decrease the error variance within the loss estimation. It must,
however, be stated that the application of sophisticated disaggregation methods does not lead to significant improvements
compared to the straightforward binary method. Therefore more effort should instead be put into the provision of high-resolution
LULC data. Finally, the remaining uncertainties in loss estimation are high and demand further improvements in all modeling
aspects. 相似文献
376.
Adaptive maritime spatial planning (MSP) uses monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of spatial and temporal management
measures to promote understanding and improve planning and decision-making. An adaptive approach to MSP involves exploring
alternative ways to meet management objectives, predicting the outcomes of alternative management measures, implementing one
or more of these alternative management measures, monitoring to learn about the effects of management measures, and then using
the results to update knowledge and adjust management actions. A monitoring and evaluation plan should be designed to be both
cost effective and comprehensive. The process of setting and assessing performance metrics requires that the ecological and
socio-economic objectives of the spatial management plan must be clearly stated up front for management actions to reflect
those objectives accurately. To evaluate the effectiveness of a MSP plan, a range of ecological, socio-economic and institutional
indicators need to be developed and monitored. 相似文献
377.
378.
Derek Vollmer Maíra Ometto Bezerra Natalia Acero Martínez Octavio Rodríguez Ortiz Ivo Encomenderos Maria Clara Marques Lina Serrano-Durn Isabelle Fauconnier Raymond Yu Wang 《Ambio》2021,50(4):870
Quantitative assessments have long been used to evaluate the condition of the natural environment, providing information for standard setting, adaptive management, and monitoring. Similar approaches have been developed to measure environmental governance, however, the end result (e.g., numeric indicators) belies the subjective and normative judgments that are involved in evaluating governance. We demonstrate a framework that makes this information transparent, through an application of the Freshwater Health Index in three different river basins in Latin America. Water Governance is measured on a 0–100 scale, using data derived from perception-based surveys administered to stakeholders. Results suggest that water governance is a primary area of concern in all three places, with low overall scores (Guandu-26, Alto Mayo-38, Bogotá-43). We conclude that this approach to measuring governance at the river basin scale provides valuable information to support monitoring and decision making, and we offer suggestions on how it can be improved.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01407-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
379.
Xin Baoquan Yu Jianliang Dang Wenyi Wan Lu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(34):46161-46175
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of this study was to analyze dispersion behavior characteristics and pollution hazard risk after a release of liquid chlorine. A full-scale... 相似文献
380.
Vega-Millán Christian B. Dévora-Figueroa Ana G. Burgess Jefferey L. Beamer Paloma I. Furlong Melissa Lantz R. Clark Meza-Figueroa Diana O´Rourke Mary Kay García-Rico Leticia Meza-Escalante Edna R. Balderas-Cortés José J. Meza-Montenegro Maria M. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(26):34355-34366
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Environmental arsenic exposure in adults and children has been associated with a reduction in the expression of club cell secretory protein (CC16) and... 相似文献