An investigation of renewable resources and renewable technology applications in Bulgaria

A preliminary assessment of renewable energy resources in Bulgaria shows that these resources are significant on a national level. Terminology for total, accessible, and reserve resources is provided, and preliminary estimates for solar, wind, biomass, hydroelectric, and geothermal resources are given. The process used to make a first-level selection of renewable energy technologies for further evaluation is described and an initial ranking of technologies for electricity generation, industry, and buildings is provided.     

园林生物质中离子液体-复合菌剂共降解体系的筛选与构建

园林生物质的绿色高效降解是实现生态系统物质循环的重要环节,离子液体-生物酶作为环境友好型降解体系备受关注.通过合成1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑（[Bmim]）和1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑（[Emim]）型离子液体衍生物,比较了温和条件下各离子液体对园林生物质的溶解再生性.结合复合微生物菌剂开展酶解试验,通过考察酶解率、纤维素酶活力、降解失重率和木质素含量变化等,筛选并构建最优降解体系组合.结果表明,两种离子液体的盐取代物对园林生物质有着较好的溶解再生性,当质量分数为70%~80%时,[Emim]型离子液体-复合菌剂体系的酶解率和酶活力最高.在降解末期,[Emim]Ac_75%和[Emim]FeCl_4·75%体系的降解失重率分别为46.9%和52.6%,均为阳性对照组的1.6倍,同时木质素含量分别减少41.7%和47.2%.[Emim]FeCl_4·75%-复合菌剂体系对园林生物质有着更为显著的降解效应.     

Perspectives on social capacity building for natural hazards: outlining an emerging field of research and practice in Europe

Social capacity building for natural hazards is a topic increasingly gaining relevance not only for so-called developing countries but also for European welfare states which are continuously challenged by the social, economic and ecological impacts of natural hazards. Following an outline of recent governance changes with regard to natural hazards, we develop a heuristic model of social capacity building by taking into account a wide range of existing expertise from different fields of research. Particular attention is paid to social vulnerability and its assessment, as well as to risk communication and risk education as specific strategies of social capacity building. We propose to distinguish between interventionist and participatory approaches, thus enabling for a better understanding of existing practices of social capacity building as well as their particular strengths and weaknesses. By way of conclusion, we encourage more research on social capacity building for natural hazards in the European context which at present is highly diverse and, at least in parts, only poorly investigated.