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361.
Vuković Gordana Urošević Mira Aničić Škrivanj Sandra Vergel Konstantin Tomašević Milica Popović Aleksandar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(17):15107-15115
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Air traffic represents an important way of social mobility in the world, and many ongoing discussions are related to the impacts that air... 相似文献
362.
Vladimir Vukašinović Dušan Gordić Milun Babić Dubravka Jelić Davor Končalović 《International Journal of Green Energy》2016,13(5):446-453
The most frequently used technology in cogeneration units up to 10 MWe are internal combustion engines and the majority of the models are up to 500 kWe. There are dozens of reciprocating internal combustion engine–based cogeneration unit manufacturers and more than hundred suppliers in the market. In the article, data from supplier technical specifications of 583 units (34 manufacturers) is collected and analyzed. The authors proposed mathematical relations that show dependence of efficiencies on electric power that can be used for initial feasibility studies. Authors also have showed that value of 0.75 for power-to-heat ratio (proposed by EU Directive 2004/8/EC) does not always correspond to current market situation. 相似文献
363.
Monika Drážovská Katarína Šiviková Beáta Holečková Ján Dianovský Martina Galdíková Viera Schwarzbacherová 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(11):769-776
Potential genotoxic/cytotoxic effects of the epoxiconazole/fenpropimorph-based fungicide were investigated using single cell gel electrophoresis and cytogenetic assays: chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, micronuclei and fluorescence in situ hybridization in cultured bovine lymphocytes. No statistically significant elevations of DNA damage and increases in cytogenetic endpoints were seen. However, evident cytotoxic effect presented as a decrease in mitotic and proliferation indices were recorded after exposure of bovine lymphocytes to the fungicide for 24 and 48 h at concentrations ranging from 3 to 15 µg mL?1 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001). Similarly, for 24 h an inhibition in the cytokinesis block proliferation index (CBPI) was obtained after exposure to the fungicide at concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 15 µg mL?1 (P < 0.01, P < 0.001) in each donor. 相似文献
364.
Petra Brenerová Timo Hamers Jorke H. Kamstra Jan Vondráček Simona Strapáčová Patrik L. Andersson Miroslav Machala 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(3):2099-2107
The relative potencies of non-ortho-substituted coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners to activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and to cause the AhR-dependent toxic events are essential for their risk assessment. Since some studies suggested that abundant non-dioxin-like PCB congeners (NDL-PCBs) may alter the AhR activation by PCB mixtures and possibly cause non-additive effects, we evaluated potential suppressive effects of NDL-PCBs on AhR activation, using a series of 24 highly purified NDL-PCBs. We investigated their impact on the model AhR agonist-induced luciferase reporter gene expression in rat hepatoma cells and on induction of CYP1A1/1B1 mRNAs and deregulation of AhR-dependent cell proliferation in rat liver epithelial cells. PCBs 128, 138, and 170 significantly suppressed AhR activation (with IC50 values from 1.4 to 5.6 μM), followed by PCBs 28, 47, 52, and 180; additionally, PCBs 122, 153, and 168 showed low but still significant potency to reduce luciferase activity. Detection of CYP1A1 mRNA levels in liver epithelial cells largely confirmed these results for the most abundant NDL-PCBs, whereas the other AhR-dependent events (CYP1B1 mRNA expression, induction of cell proliferation in confluent cells) were less sensitive to NDL-PCBs, thus indicating a more complex regulation of these endpoints. The present data suggest that some NDL-PCBs could modulate overall dioxin-like effects in complex mixtures. 相似文献
365.
Matjaž Novak Bojana Žegura Špela Baebler Alja Štern Ana Rotter Katja Stare Metka Filipič 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(15):14751-14761
In chemotherapy, various anti-cancer drugs with different mechanisms of action are used and may represent different risk of undesirable delayed side effects in treated patients as well as in occupationally exposed populations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate genotoxic potential of four widely used anti-cancer drugs with different mechanisms of action: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin (CDDP) and etoposide (ET) that cause cell death by targeting DNA function and imatinib mesylate (IM) that inhibits targeted protein kinases in cancer cells in an experimental model with human hepatoma HepG2 cells. After 24 h of exposure all four anti-cancer drugs at non-cytotoxic concentrations induced significant increase in formation of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), with IM being the least effective. The analysis of the changes in the expression of genes involved in the response to DNA damage (CDKN1A, GADD45A, MDM2), apoptosis (BAX, BCL2) and oncogenesis (MYC, JUN) showed that 5-FU, CDDP and ET upregulated the genes involved in DNA damage response, while the anti-apoptotic gene BCL2 and oncogene MYC were downregulated. On the contrary, IM did not change the mRNA level of the studied genes, showing different mechanism of action that probably does not involve direct interaction with DNA processing. Genotoxic effects of the tested anti-cancer drugs were observed at their therapeutic concentrations that may consequently lead to increased risk for development of delayed adverse effects in patients. In addition, considering the genotoxic mechanism of action of 5-FU, CDDP and ET an increased risk can also not be excluded in occupationally exposed populations. The results also indicate that exposure to 5-FU, CDDP and ET represent a higher risk for delayed effects such as cancer, reproductive effects and heritable disease than exposure to IM. 相似文献
366.
Vasić MV Mihailović A Kozmidis-Luburić U Nemes T Ninkov J Zeremski-Škorić T Antić B 《Chemosphere》2012,86(6):585-592
Snow samples were collected near crossroads in Novi Sad, Serbia, during December 2009 to assess metal concentrations (Ca, K, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Al, Pb and Na), fine particle distribution and pH value. The filtered samples of melted snow were analysed, with a focus on particles smaller than a few μm. The most common values of the frequency number distribution curve were either in the range of 0.05-0.07 μm or one order of magnitude higher (0.2-0.5 μm). At examined locations metal concentrations varied from 0.0004 mg L−1 for Pb to 18.9 mg L−1 for Na. Besides Na, which mostly originated from de-icing salt, Ca is found to be the most abundant element in snow indicating the dominant influence of natural factors on snow chemistry. No significant difference was found in concentration of the elements at locations near crossroads with either low or high traffic volume, except for Na and Zn.To investigate how metals were related a correlation analysis was done for the concentrations of metals and with respect to the particle size distribution parameters and pH values. The major influence on the fine particle volume (mass) was concluded to be due to the elements from anthropogenic sources. This conclusion was based on the significant positive correlation between Fe, Zn and Al and the fine particle volume based distribution parameters. 相似文献
367.
Klobučar GI Malev O Šrut M Štambuk A Lorenzon S Cvetković Ž Ferrero EA Maguire I 《Chemosphere》2012,87(1):62-67
Genotoxicity of freshwater pollution was assessed by measuring DNA damage in haemocytes of caged freshwater crayfish Astacus leptodactylus by the means of Comet assay and micronucleus test, integrated with the measurements of physiological (total protein concentration) and immunological (total haemocyte count) haemolymph parameters as biomarkers of undergone stress. Crayfish were collected at the reference site (River Mre?nica) and exposed in cages for 1 week at three polluted sites along the Sava River (Zagreb, Sisak, Krapje). The long term pollution status of these locations was confirmed by chemical analyses of sediments. Statistically significant increase in DNA damage measured by the Comet assay was observed at all three polluted sites comparing to the crayfish from reference site. In addition, native crayfish from the mildly polluted site (Krapje) cage-exposed on another polluted site (Zagreb) showed lower DNA damage than crayfish from the reference site exposed at the same location indicating adaptation and acclimatisation of crayfish to lower levels of pollution. Micronuclei induction showed similar gradient of DNA damage as Comet assay, but did not reach the statistical significance. Observed increase in total haemocyte count and total protein content in crayfish from polluted environments in the Sava River also confirmed stress caused by exposure to pollution. The results of this study have proved the applicability of caging exposure of freshwater crayfish A. leptodactylus in environmental genotoxicity monitoring using Comet assay and micronucleus test. 相似文献
368.
Martin Moravčík Zuzana Sarvašová Ján Merganič Matej Schwarz 《Environmental management》2010,46(6):908-919
The article analyses the possibilities of developing an integrated indicator and a model of the assessment of forests naturalness
using the data from the database of mountainous spruce forests situated in the Western Carpathians of Slovakia. The article
presents two variants of such a model, one based on discriminant analysis, while the second one using an additive approach.
The analysis of the data from mountainous spruce forests revealed significant indicators of forest naturalness degree: the
arithmetic mean of the ratio between crown length and tree height, the deadwood volume, the coverage of grasses, the coverage
of mosses and lichens, and the aggregation index. In addition, the coefficient of variation of tree diameters was included
in the final model, since its presence in the model had a positive influence on the correctness of the classification of the
forest naturalness degree. The correctness of the classification of the proposed discriminant model was 74.5%. For the additive
model, the ranges of the values of the integrated indicator were defined for every degree of forest naturalness by taking
into account the error ranges of the arithmetic mean values and the percentiles of the values in individual degrees of forest
naturalness. The overall correctness of the classification with the additive model was 63.4%. In the second step, the scheme
how to apply the classification model of the forest naturalness degree in the decision-making process of designating as a
forest protected areas was proposed. In this scheme, the degree of forest naturalness is considered as a basic criterion for
the determination of nature-conservation value of forest ecosystems. As further decision-making criteria we identified the
possibility to restore, or the possibility to improve the naturalness of less natural forest ecosystems, which are designated
as protected; the occurrence of the endangered species; and the occurrence of other natural values. 相似文献
369.
Environmental factors like temperature and soil humidity are recognized as influencing factors on photosynthetic response
and organic productivity, distribution and biochemical characteristics of plants. Here we present measurements of gas exchange
parameters, water-use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) of field-grown invasive species Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Ambrosia trifida L. and Iva xanthifolia Nutt., in order to define their potentials as colonizers. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) in leaves and flowers
depending on soil humidity were also investigated. 相似文献
370.
Edgar Hiller Slavomír Čerňanský Zoltán Krascsenits Ján Milička 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(5):546-554
Background, aim, and scope Herbicide fate and its transport in soils and sediments greatly depend upon sorption–desorption processes. Quantitative determination
of herbicide sorption–desorption is therefore essential for both the understanding of transport and the sorption equilibrium
in the soil/sediment–water system; and it is also an important parameter for predicting herbicide fate using mathematical
simulation models. The total soil/sediment organic carbon content and its qualitative characteristics are the most important
factors affecting sorption–desorption of herbicides in soil or sediment. Since the acetochlor is one of the most frequently
used herbicides in Slovakia to control annual grasses and certain annual broad-leaved weeds in maize and potatoes, and posses
various negative health effects on human beings, our aim in this study was to investigate acetochlor sorption and desorption
in various soil/sediment samples from Slovakia. The main soil/sediment characteristics governing acetochlor sorption–desorption
were also identified.
Materials and methods The sorption–desorption of acetochlor, using the batch equilibration method, was studied on eight surface soils, one subsurface
soil and five sediments collected from the Laborec River and three water reservoirs. Soils and sediments were characterized
by commonly used methods for their total organic carbon content, distribution of humus components, pH, grain-size distribution,
and smectite content, and for calcium carbonate content. The effect of soil/sediment characteristics on acetochlor sorption–desorption
was examined by simple correlation analysis.
Results Sorption of acetochlor was expressed as the distribution coefficient (K
d). K
d values slightly decreased as the initial acetochlor concentration increased. These values indicated that acetochlor was moderately
sorbed by soils and sediments. Highly significant correlations between the K
d values and the organic carbon content were observed at both initial concentrations. However, sorption of acetochlor was most
closely correlated to the humic acid carbon, and less to the fulvic acid carbon. The total organic carbon content was found
to also significantly influence acetochlor desorption.
Discussion Since the strong linear relationship between the K
d values of acetochlor and the organic carbon content was already released, the corresponding K
oc values were calculated. Considerable variation in the K
oc values suggested that other soil/sediment parameters besides the total soil organic carbon content could be involved in acetochlor
sorption. This was revealed by a significant correlation between the K
oc values and the ratio of humic acid carbon to fulvic acid carbon (CHA/CFA).
Conclusions When comparing acetochlor sorption in a range of soils and sediments, different K
d values which are strongly correlated to the total organic carbon content were found. Concerning the humus fractions, the
humic acid carbon content was strongly correlated to the K
d values, and it is therefore a better predictor of the acetochlor sorption than the total organic carbon content. Variation
in the K
oc values was attributed to the differences in distribution of humus components between soils and sediments. Desorption of acetochlor
was significantly influenced by total organic carbon content, with a greater organic carbon content reducing desorption.
Recommendations and perspectives This study examined the sorption–desorption processes of acetochlor in soils and sediments. The obtained sorption data are
important for qualitative assessment of acetochlor mobility in natural solids, but further studies must be carried out to
understand its environmental fate and transport more thoroughly. Although, the total organic carbon content, the humus fractions
of the organic matter and the CHA/CFA ratio were sufficient predictors of the acetochlor sorption–desorption. Further investigations of the structural and chemical
characteristics of humic substances derived from different origins are necessary to more preciously explain differences in
acetochlor sorption in the soils and sediments observed in this study. 相似文献