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51.
Najam Akhtar Shakil Jitendra Kumar Pankaj Alka Pandey Vivek Ahluwalia Manish K. Singh 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):344-349
A series of novel N-alkyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl]amines were synthesized as potential new agents to control pests. Their structures were confirmed on the basis of IR, NMR and elemental analyses. Six new N-alkyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl]amines were prepared by reduction of corresponding Schiff bases using sodium borohydride in 80–87 % yields. These compounds were tested for their antifungal activity against two pathogenic fungi viz., Rhizoctonia bataticola ITCC 0482 and Sclerotium rolfsii ITCC 5226 and for insecticidal activity against insects of stored grain pest Callosobruchus analis. Fungicidal bioassay revealed that compound N-Decyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine, was highly effective against R. bataticola (ED50 6.86 mg L?1) which was comparable with that of commercial fungicide hexaconazole (ED50 6.35 mg L?1). Also compounds N-Heptyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine, N-Octyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine and N-Nonyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine displayed promising fungitoxicity against same pathogen. However, compound N-Heptyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine was also found to be effective against S. rolfsii (ED50 4.92 mg L?1 as against 1.27 mg L?1 for hexaconazole). Compound N-Hexyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine was most effective as insecticide followed by compound N-Octyl-N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amine. LC50 values for these compounds were 155.0 and 275.0 mg L?1 respectively as against 36.70 mg L?1 for commercial insecticide dichlorovos. The results obtained from bioassays indicate that this class of compounds can be utilized for the design of new substances endowed with pesticidal activities. 相似文献
52.
The emission concentrations of several chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were measured from a municipal waste treatment facility (located in Seoul, Republic of Korea) to investigate the emission characteristics of CFCs in the urban environment. To this end, a total of five CFCs (CFC-10, CFC-11, CFC-20, CFC-30, and CFC-113) were analyzed by the thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) method. The results of this study indicate that the formation of CFC-11 (8.21 ± 1.68 ppb in spring) and CFC-20 (3.92 ± 3.93 ppb in spring) proceeded very actively within the facility. Moreover, CFC-113 was also found in relatively high concentrations (3.34 ± 1.31 ppb in spring) in the treatment facility. Unlike other CFCs, CFC-10 was observed mainly at ambient (and reference) locations and one point inside the treatment facility. In conclusion, emissions of some important CFCs are a prominent process, as they were measured either frequently or abundantly both in winter and spring. It is further indicated that certain CFCs (like CFC-11 and CFC-30) are subject to highly significant seasonal variations. 相似文献
53.
Goswami J Pandey RK Tewari JP Goswami BK 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2008,43(3):237-240
Management of root knot nematode disease infecting tomato, by the use of fungal bioagents Acremonium strictum and Trichoderma harzianum isolated from egg masses of M. incognita infecting tomato has been carried out. The rhizosphere and rhizoplane of root knot nematode infested tomato revealed consistent association of Acremonium strictum. In the present study A. strictum and other fungal bioagents viz. Aspergillus niger, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Rhizoctonia solani and Trichoderma harzianum isolated earlier from egg-masses of M. incognita, identified and maintained have been investigated through in-vitro and in-vivo trials for their potentiality against M. incognita. Out of the above, isolated mycoflora A. niger was identified to be toxic against M. incognita while A. strictum and T. harzianum was found to possess both egg parasitic or opportunistic and toxic properties. A field trial with all the above fungal bioagents both alone and together showed significant promising performance by the dual treatment of A. strictum and T. harzianum in improving the health of the tomato plant with a remarkable reduction in M. incognita population. 相似文献
54.
A process for nickel recovery from a spent catalyst of definite composition has been developed using the hydro-metallurgical route. The processing steps includes direct sulphuric acid leaching followed by separation of iron as well as silica and other impurities. For a 152 microm particle size catalyst, extraction of about 98% nickel was achieved at 363 K in 2 h using a sulphuric acid concentration (v/v) of 8% and a pulp density of 10%. The dissolution of nickel followed diffusion-controlled leaching kinetics. Increase in temperature and sulphuric acid concentration resulted in increase in the nickel recovery. The activation energy for nickel dissolution was calculated to be 62.8 kJ mol(-1). Finally, nickel was recovered as value-added products such as sulphide and oxalate with overall recovery of 90 and 88% of nickel, respectively. 相似文献
55.
A revegetation trial was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of growing a legume species, Prosopis juliflora L., on fly ash ameliorated with combination of various organic amendments, blue-green algal biofertilizer and Rhizobium inoculation. Significant enhancements in plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, protein content and in vivo nitrate reductase activity were found in the plants grown on ameliorated fly ash in comparison to the plants growing in unamended fly ash or garden soil. Higher growth was obtained in fly ash amended with blue-green algae (BGA) than farmyard manure or press mud (PM), a waste from sugar-processing industry, due to the greater contribution of plant nutrients, supply of fixed nitrogen and increased availability of phosphorus. Nodulation was suppressed in different amendments of fly ash with soil in a concentration-duration-dependent manner, but not with other amendments. Plants accumulated higher amounts of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Cr in various fly ash amendments than in garden soil. Further, inoculation of the plant with a fly ash tolerant Rhizobium strain conferred tolerance for the plant to grow under fly ash stress conditions with more translocation of metals to the above ground parts. The results showed the potential of P. juliflora to grow in plantations on fly ash landfills and to reduce the metal contents of fly ash by bioaccumulation in its tissues. 相似文献
56.
Lichen samples collected in and around Hetauda Industrial area,(HIA) Narayani zone, Makwanpur district, Nepal, were analyzedfor Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Ca, Mn, Fe, Si, and Al. The samples fromthe location inside the industrial area have higher levels ofmetal than the outside areas. Pyxine meissnerina growinginside the industrial area accumulated higher levels of all themetals analyzed. 相似文献
57.
Mining is essentially a destructive developmental activity, where ecology suffers at the altar of economy. Unfortunately, in most regions of the Earth, the underground geological resources are superimposed by biological resources (forests). This is particularly evident in India. Hence mining operations necessarily involve deforestation, habitat destruction, biodiversity erosion and destruction of geological records which contain information about past biodiversity. Extraction and the processing of ores and minerals also lead to widespread environmental pollution.However, mankind cannot afford to give up the underground geological resources which are the basic raw materials for development. An unspoiled nature can provide ecological security to people but cannot bring economic prosperity. Scientific mining operations accompanied by ecological restoration and regeneration of mined wastelands and judicious use of geological resources, with search for eco-friendly substitutes and alternatives must provide the answer.A case study from the Bijolia quarrying area in Rajasthan, India, provides some sensational revelations of the impact of mining on the human ecosystem. 相似文献
58.
Singh KD Sharma S Dwivedi A Pandey P Thakur RL Kumar V 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2007,28(3):675-677
Molasses spent wash from cane-molasses based distilleries contains a brown coloured recalcitrantpolymer melanoidin, which if disposed untreated poses a great threat to environment. Microbial decolorization and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction was found to be dependent on specific carbon and nitrogen source. Under optimal condition of pH, carbon and nitrogen concentration for each treatment, it was found that Bacillus sp isolated from soil was capable of removing COD (85. 35%) and colour (81.10%) from distillery waste to the maximum extent after 9 days atpH 7 in the medium containing 0.5% peptone, 2% glucose and 10% (v/v), followed by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and lowest reduction was obtained by using native microbial consortium. 相似文献
59.
Pandey S Gupta K Mukherjee AK 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2007,28(3):655-662
The Madagascar Periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (a valued medicinal plant) was exposed to different concentrations ofheavymetals like, CdCl, and PbCl, with a view to observe their bioaccumulation efficiency. Germination was inhibited by both the heavy metals in the seeds previously imbibed in GA, and KNO, for 24 hr. EC50 (the effective concentration which inhibits root length by 50%) was recorded as 180 microM for CdCl2, and 50 microM for PbCl2. Both alpha-amylase and protease activity were reduced substantially on treatment of seeds with increasing concentrations of CdCl2, and PbCl2. Malondialdehyde (MDA) a product of lipoxigenase (LOX) activity also increased due to the treatment of both CdCl, and PbCl2. When two-months-old plants grown in normal soil were transferred to soils containing increasing amounts of these two heavy metals, senescence of lower leaves and extensive chlorosis were noticed after four days of transfer However, plants gradually acclimatized and after 20 days the chlorophyll content was almost comparable to normal. Plants receiving CdCl2 treatment (250 microg g(-1) and less) became acclimatized after two weeks and started normal growth. But PbCl2 of 432 microg g(-1) and less could not affect the plant growth throughout, after a preliminary shock was erased. In case of CdCl2 treatment, a stunted growth with reduced leaf area, reduced biomass and sterility were recorded after six months, while plants show normal growth and flowering in case of PbCl2 treatment. Total alkaloid was also found to be decreased in the roots of CdCl2 treated plants. No change was observed in case of PbCl2. GA3 treatments to the CdCl2 treated plants show internode elongation and increase in leaf area with relatively elongated leaves and thinning of stem diameter AAS analyses of leaves of treated plants exhibited 5-10% accumulation of cadmium, but there was no accumulation of lead at all. 相似文献
60.
Often the lifecycle data occur as count of the vital events and are recorded as integers. The purpose of this article is to model the fertility behavior based on religious, educational, economic, and occupational characteristics. The responses of classified groups according to these determinants are examined for significant influence on fertility using Poisson regression model (PRM) based on the National Family Health Survey -3 dataset. The observed and predicted probabilities under PRM indicate modal value of two children for the Poisson distribution modeled data. Presence of dominance of two child in the data motivates the authors to adopt multinomial regression model (MRM) in order to link fertility with various socioeconomic indicators responsible for fertility variation. Choice of the explanatory factors is limited to the availability of data. Trends and patterns of preference for birth counts suggest that religion, caste, wealth, female education, and occupation are the dominant factors shaping the observed birth process. Empirical analysis suggests that both the models used in the study perform similarly on the sample data. However, fitting of MRM by taking birth count of two as comparison category shows improved Akaike information criterion and consistent Akaike information criterion values. Current work contributes to the existing literature as it attempts to provide more insight into the determinants of Indian fertility using Poisson and MRM. 相似文献