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Pascal van Griethuysen 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(6):590-595
By questioning the origins of the inertia facing the degrowth movement, this contribution identifies property as the constitutive institution of capitalism, and property expansion as the dominant socioeconomic process leading world societies to economic path dependence, techno-institutional lock-in and eco-social impasse. Demonstrating why and how property-based economic rationality subordinates ecological and social considerations to capitalist requirements, this paper stresses both the need for an inversion in the hierarchy of social norms and the systemic opposition to such an inversion, which emanates from the capitalist/industrial expansion. The text also brings to light some disregarded processes underlying the current economic crisis, by pointing out the institutional and technological locked-in situation into which the western development path has led our societies. 相似文献
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Direct measurement of denitrification activity in a Gulf coast freshwater marsh receiving diverted Mississippi River water 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wetland loss along the Louisiana Gulf coast and excessive nitrate loading into the Gulf of Mexico are interrelated environmental problems. Nitrate removal by soil denitrification activity was studied in a ponded freshwater marsh receiving diverted Mississippi River water for the purpose of reversing or slowing wetland loss. Labeled 15N-nitrate was applied at 3.8 g N m−2 into four replicate study plots after removing above ground vegetation. Nitrogen gas (N2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from the plots were determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Nitrous oxide emissions were also compared with the results determined by gas chromatograph (GC). Results showed that it took 2 weeks to remove the added nitrate with N2O emission occurring over a period of 4 d. The apparent denitrification dynamics were assumed to follow the Michaelis–Menten equation. The maximum denitrification rate and Km value were determined as 12.6 mg N m −2 h−1, and 6.5 mg N l−1, respectively. Therefore the maximum capacity for nitrate removal by the marsh soil would be equivalent to 110 g N m−2 yr−1, with more than 30% of nitrogen gas evolved as N2O. For typical nitrate concentrations in Mississippi River water of about 1 mg N l−1, nitrate would be removed at a rate of 14.7 g N m−2 yr−1 with N2O emission about 1.5%. A denitrification dynamic model showed that the efficiency of nitrate removal would largely depend on the water discharge rate into the ponded wetland. Higher discharge rate will result in less retention time for the water in the marsh where nitrate is denitrified. 相似文献
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Jean Rouchaud Pascal Roucourt Alfons Vanachter Frans Benoit Norbert Ceustermans 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1):59-68
Broccoli and Chinese cabbage crops were treated at planting by pouring an emulsion of the fungicide chlorothalonil around the stem of the plant. During culture, chlorothalonil was biodegraded in soil into l,3‐dicarbamoyl‐2,4,5,6‐tetrachlorobenzene (compound 1), l,3‐dicyano‐4‐hydroxy‐2,5,6‐trichlorobenzene (compound 2), and l‐carbamoyl‐3‐cyano‐4‐hydroxy‐2,5,6‐trichlorobenzene (compound 3). Compounds 1 and 2 were the major metabolites in soil. In the harvested broccoli (in the flower) and Chinese cabbages (the leaves), the concentrations of chlorothalonil and of compounds 1 and 2 were lower respectively than 0.1, 0.1 and 0.5mg/kg fresh weight. 相似文献
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Pascal de Decker Erwin Lammens Paul van der Sluys Leopold van der Vliet Peter J. Van Severen 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1987,30(2):91-98
This article deals with Flanders’ urbanity. At the moment Flanders, a part of Belgium, is responsible for its own town and country planning. Nevertheless, today's picture of urbanity is, for the greatest part, the result of Belgian policy. The results are nothing to be proud of. In fact Flanders has no urbanity anymore, nor a real rurality. Everywhere in the countryside there are houses and other constructions; on the other hand and consequently the centres of cities and villages are in decay. The following text tries to draw, very briefly, the problems and the development of the problems in urban and rural Flanders. The roots have to be searched in the 19th century, especially in the constitution of Belgium, which is one of the most liberal on earth. The first part of the article is dealing with the history of urbanisation, whilst the second part deals with some recent evolutions in housing and housing policy, in employment and employment policy, in transport and transport policy. Finally, the third part is concerned with the town and country planning which has to structure the developments in spatial use for housing, industrial building and so on, but which has failed. 相似文献
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To assess the health of aquatic organisms, biomarkers that measure changes at the biochemical level have been used as effective early warning tools in ecological risk assessment. In order to develop an integrated risk assessment strategy for the south coast of Portugal, mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis were collected from six sites along the coast with different organic contaminant characteristics. Additionally, an active biomonitoring approach was followed by transplanting indigenous mussels from site 4 to 6 and vice versa (from site 6 to 4) for 28 days. PAHs and PCBs contents were measured and the associated responses of phase I and phase II detoxification mechanisms evaluated by measuring cytochrome P450 and GST activities. GST activity was also determined on different tissues (gills, digestive gland, foot, mantle and gonads) of M. galloprovincialis and the impact of abiotic parameters (temperature, salinity, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen) on the GST activity assessed. Results indicate that CYP 450 follow the same pattern of PAHs and a direct relationship exist between CYP 450 and PAH levels from the different sites. Although there is a decrease between GST and PAHs concentrations it was not significant. The majority of the GST activity was in the gills and the digestive gland (around of 75% of the activity measured in all tissues) followed in decreasing order by the mantle, gonads. An inverse relationship between GST activity and salinity was detected along with temperature although not significant. These two biomarkers respond to changes of these two groups of compounds and to salinity especially for GST. In conclusion CYP 450 in mussels gives a reliable response as biomarker for organic contaminants in risk assessment in the South Coast of Portugal. 相似文献