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991.
利用沉积物磷吸附指数(PSI)和磷吸附饱和度(DPS)研究了北京前海(QH)、青年湖(QNH)、昆明湖(KMH)、紫竹院湖(ZZYH)、陶然亭湖(TRTH)、红领巾湖(HLJH)表层沉积物的磷吸附容量,分析了沉积物中磷的吸附饱和度(DPS)与其他指标的相关关系,并讨论了不同城市湖泊沉积物中磷的潜在释放风险.结果表明:6湖沉积物的PSI为14.9~83.3 (mg×L)/(100g·μmol),平均值为34.6 (mg×L)/(100g·μmol);DPS为7.97 %~50.5 %,平均值28.9 %,PSI与DPS显著负相关.PSI与草酸铵提取的磷、铝(Pox,Alox)含量均为显著负相关,草酸铵提取的铁(Feox)是影响PSI的主导因素.DPS与沉积物中草酸铵提取的磷(Pox)含量显著正相关,主要受沉积物中原有吸附态磷的影响.此外,磷释放风险指数(ERI)计算结果表明QH、QNH、ZZYH、TRTH中的表层沉积物磷潜在释放诱发富营养化的风险均为高度风险. 相似文献
992.
Black carbon (BC) is an important class of geosorbents that control the fate and transport of organic pollutants in soil and sediment. We previously demonstrated a new role of BC as an electron transfer mediator in the abiotic reduction of nitroaromatic and nitramine compounds by Oh and Chiu (Environ Sci Technol 43:6983-6988, 2009). We proposed that BC can catalyze the reduction of nitro compounds because it contains microscopic graphitic (graphene) domains, which facilitate both sorption and electron transfer. In this study, we assessed the ability of different types of BC--graphite, activated carbon, and diesel soot--to mediate the reduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and 2,4-dibromophenol (DBP) by H(2)S. All three types of BC enhanced DNT and DBP reduction. H(2)S supported BC-mediated reduction, as was observed previously with a thiol reductant. The results suggest that BC may influence the fate of organic pollutants in reducing subsurface environments through redox transformation in addition to sorption. 相似文献
993.
叙述某烧结厂3套烧结机尾及整粒除尘系统的电除尘器改造为长袋低压脉冲除尘器的设计及工程实例。介绍原电除尘器存在的缺陷、“电改袋”具体措施、主要设备选型以及除尘系统运行数据测试结果等方面的问题。除尘系统可靠运行已2年,各项技术指标始终保持优良状态。 相似文献
994.
Screening on oil-decomposing microorganisms and application in organic waste treatment machine 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
As an oil-decomposable mixture of two bacteria strains ( Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. ), Y3 was isolated after 50 d domestication under the condition that oil was used as the limited carbon source. The decomposing rate by Y3 was higher than that by each separate individual strain, indicating a synergistic effect of the two bacteria. Under the conditions that T = 25-40℃, pH = 6--8, HRT (Hydraulic retention time) = 36 h and the oil concentration at 0.1%,Y3 yielded the highest decomposing rate of 95.7 %. Y3 was also applied in an organic waste treatment machine and a certain rate of activated bacteria was put into the stuffing. A series of tests including humidity, pH, temperature, C/N rate and oil percentage of the stuffing were carried out to check the efficacy of oil-decomposition. Results showed that the oil content of the stuffing with inoculums was only half of that of the control. Furthermore, the bacteria were also beneficial to maintain the stability of the machine operating. Therefore, the bacteria mixture as well as the machines in this study could be very useful for waste treatment. 相似文献
995.
996.
997.
通过现场监测和模拟燃烧实验的方法,分别对陕西某煤化工企业中的甲醇、二甲醚、合成氨和尿素工艺过程中的氮氧化物进行监测,并初步核算各煤化工行业氮氧化物的排放系数.结果显示,不同煤化工行业中,煤炭在作为原料利用时氮氧化物排放量不尽相同,其中甲醇行业氮氧化物排放量为153.19~252.43g/h,平均为211.24g/h;二甲醚行业氮氧化物排放量为22.38~52.20g/h,平均为35.39g/h;合成氨行业为246.48~359.65g/h,平均305.94g/h;尿素行业为13.70~26.75g/h,平均19.89g/h.不同行业氮氧化物的排放系数也有所差别,按照单位产品排放量核算时,各行业氮氧化物的排放系数分别为甲醇41.35~88.10g/t-产品、二甲醚62.27~145.25g/t-产品、合成氨213.47~322.43g/t-产品、尿素0.21~0.41g/t-产品,以单位原料煤消耗量核算出的氮氧化物排放系数分别是甲醇30.18~52.86g/t-原料煤、二甲醚22.83~53.26g/t-原料煤、合成氨119.72~172.73g/t-原料煤、尿素为0.14~0.28g/t-原料煤.通过比较可知,煤在作为原料利用时其氮氧化物的排放系数远小于煤的燃烧过程. 相似文献
998.
999.
Liang PEI ;Liming WANG ;Zhanying MA 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(4):503-509
A mathematical model for the transport of Ce (IV) from hydrochloric acid solutions through dispersion flat combined liquid membrane (DFCLM) with contain 2- ethyl hexyl phosphonic acid-mono-2-ethyl hexyl ester (P507) as the carrier, dissolved in kerosene as the membrane solution have been studied. This process of facilitated transport, based on membrane technology, is a variation on the conventional technique of solvent extraction and may be described mathematically using Fick's second law. The equations for transport velocity are derived considering the diffusion of P507 and its metallic complexes through the liquid membrane. In this work, the system is considered to be in a transient state, and chemical reaction between Ce(IV) and the carrier to take place only at the solvent-aqueous interfaces. Model concentration profiles are obtained for the Ce(IV), from which extraction velocities are predicted. The experimental and simulated Ce(IV) extractions showed similar tendencies for a high Ce (IV) concentration and acidity case.The model results indicate that high initial Ce(IV) concentrations and acidity both have detrimental effects on Ce(IV) extraction and stripping. The diffusion coefficient of Ce(IV) in the membrane and the thickness of diffusion layer between feed phase and membrane phase are obtained and the values are 6.31 × 10-8m2·s-1 and 31.2 μm, respectively. The results are in good agreement with experimental results. 相似文献
1000.
Ruoting Pei 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(7):1386-1398
Although significant research has been carried out for studying the impacts of pure mycotoxins on human cell, little information is known about the direct effects of fungal submicron particles. In this report, murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to fungal extracts from Stachybotrys chartarum RTI 5802 and Aspergillus versicolor RTI 3843 as well as mixtures from both fungi with fragment sizes ranging from 0.25 to 1?µm. Cell viability was found to be unaffected by all extracts except fragments in the 0.5–1?µm size range from A. versicolor RTI 3843, which decreased cell viability by approximately 60%. IL-1β expression was generally upregulated following exposure to fungal extracts from either S. chartarum RTI 5802 or A. versicolor RTI 3843. However, when extracts from the mixture of both fungi were introduced, IL-1β expression was downregulated. IL-6 and IL-10 expression were also generally upregulated. In comparison to the findings in the literature about the effects of pure mycotoxins on RAW 264.7 cells, the results presented herein show different patterns on mRNA expression which may be a result of the complex composition of the extract in terms of both mycotoxins and other fungal materials in addition to the potential interplay of the different components. 相似文献