分段回流式逆流气浮工艺处理高藻水的研究

利用逆流气浮工艺处理高藻水,分别采用溶气水单段回流与分段回流的方式.结果表明,与单段回流相比,采用分段回流可以增强气泡/絮体聚合体悬浮层的拦截作用,减小悬浮层的厚度而增加过渡层的厚度,延长过渡层中小絮体与气泡的碰撞接触时间;在其它运行参数相同的情况下,单段回流时最大水力负荷达到11 m/h,而分段回流时最大水力负荷可达17 m/h,处理负荷提高了50%以上,处理效率大幅度增加;采用分段回流时,两释放器的回流量之比以及悬挂式释放器与原水进水口的距离对处理效果有显著影响.较为合理的布置为：固定式释放器S与原水进水口距离为180 cm,悬挂式释放器P与原水进水口的距离在60～90 cm之间.P与S的流量比控制在2～3之间.     

六氯苯和重金属复合污染沉积物的电动力学修复研究

以某化工厂排污沟渠中受六氯苯(hexachlorobenzene,HCB)、锌和镍复合污染的实际沉积物为对象,研究非离子表面活性剂OP-10对沉积物中污染物的增溶解吸效果和电动力学修复污染物的强化迁移效果。解吸实验结果表明:OP-10对HCB增溶解吸效果较好,对重金属离子的解吸有一定的促进作用。电动力学修复发现,随电渗析流进入沉积物中的OP-10很快的吸附在靠近阳极沉积物上,从而阻碍了助剂的输送并影响HCB的迁移,而靠近阴极区域沉积物中的有机质迁移会促进HCB的去除。沉积物pH变化引起的重金属沉淀是制约锌迁移的主要因素。镍的整体迁移效果不明显。     

长白山区域旅游资源开发的几个问题

长白山区域是我国具有特色的地理单位,资源丰富,尤其旅游资源有着广阔的开发前景。本文是在深入调查和完成旅游规划的基础上,论述旅游开发的几个问题。     

pH对铜在黄土中吸持及其形态的影响

用黄土为吸持剂,以石英砂作对照,研究了pH对铜的吸持及形态的影响,并用MINTEQA2模型对铜离子的沉淀形态进行了理论计算.结果表明:无论吸持剂是石英砂还是黄土,随着pH的升高,吸持曲线都分为3区:低pH微吸持区、中pH吸持增长区和高pH强吸持区.含沙量一定,随着铜液初始浓度的增加,吸持量、可交换态含量和碳酸盐结合态含量均增加;铜液初始浓度一定,随着含沙量的增加,吸持量、可交换态含量和碳酸盐结合态含量均减少.MINTEQA2模型计算结果表明,对于不同的吸持剂,铜离子发生沉淀的比例及沉淀的物质组成是不同的;以黄土为吸持剂时,中pH范围内随着含沙量的增加铜离子沉淀的比例减少.     

Identifying water resources management strategies in adaptation to climate change under uncertainty

In this study, an integrated simulation-based allocation modeling system (ISAMS) is developed for identifying water resources management strategies in response to climate change. The ISAMS incorporates global climate models (GCMs), a semi-distributed land use-based runoff process (SLURP) model, and a multistage interval-stochastic programming (MISP) approach within a general framework. The ISAMS can not only handle uncertainties expressed as probability distributions and interval values but also reveal climate change impacts on water resources allocation under different projections of GCMs. The ISAMS is then applied to the Kaidu-kongque watershed with cold arid characteristics in the Tarim River Basin (the largest inland watershed basin in China) for demonstrating its efficiency. Results reveal that different climate change models corresponding to various projections (e.g., precipitation and temperature) would lead to changed water resources allocation patterns. Variations in water availability and demand due to uncertainties could result in different water allocation targets and shortages. A variety of decision alternatives about water allocations adaptive to climate change are generated under combinations of different global climate models and ecological water release plans. These findings indicate that understanding the uncertainties in water resources system, building adaptive methods for generating sustainable water allocation patterns, and taking actions for mitigating water shortage problems are key adaptation strategies responding to climate change.     

Factors influencing the contents of metals and As in soils around the watershed of Guanting Reservoir, China

Topsoil samples from 61 sites around the Guanting Reservoir,China,were measured for Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni,Cd,Pb and As concentrations.The mean concentrations of Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni,Cd,Pb and As were 16.8,59.4,37.8,18.3,0.32,20.1 and 8.67 mg/kg dry weight,respectively.Factors that influence the dynamics of these metals in soils around the watersheds of Beijing reservoirs were examined.The influence of atmospheric deposition,land use,soil texture,soil type and soil chemical parameters on metal contents in soils was investigated.Atmospheric deposition,land use and soil texture were the important factors affecting heavy metal residues.Soil type and soil chemical parameters were also involved in heavy metal retention in soils.The data provided in this study are considered crucial for reservoir remediation,especially since the Guanting Reservoir will serve as one of the main drinking water sources for Beijing in the foreseeable future.     

BP-1生物降解群落结构解析及关键功能菌的降解效能评估

生物降解是有机污染物去除的重要途径,为探究环境中微生物对2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮（2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone,BP-1）的降解能力,本文以BP-1为唯一碳源,设置好氧和厌氧条件分别驯化富集功能菌群,通过高通量测序技术深度解析群落多样性及功能菌群,在此基础上筛选关键功能菌,并评估其降解效能.结果显示,好氧降解是BP-1降解的主要途径,BP-1在好氧处理系统中的降解速率是厌氧体系的2.74倍.好氧体系中微生物群落多样性显著高于厌氧体系,变形菌门（Proteobacteria,40.66%）是好氧体系中的优势菌门,红环菌目（Rhodocyclales,28.15%）、假单胞菌目（Pseudomonadales,3.11%）、鞘氨醇菌目（Sphingomonadales,2.22%）是变形菌门中占优势地位的菌目.采用选择性培养基从好氧驯化污泥中筛选获得4株BP-1降解菌,经鉴定分别为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌（Bacillus methylotrophicus） BP1.1、解淀粉酶芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens） BP1.2、红球菌（Rhodococcus sp.） BP1.3和鞘氨醇单胞菌（Sphingomonas sp.） BP1.4,其中甲基营养型芽孢杆菌BP1.1降解速率最快,在6 h内对BP-1的降解率高达99.9%,显著降低了BP-1引起的急性毒性和类雌激素效应,为高效去除废水中BP-1提供了微生物种质资源.     

生物膜填料塔净化有机废气研究

为在国内开展生物化学法净化低浓度有机废气的研究工作,采用国内现有微生物菌种挂膜接种的生物膜填料塔净化低浓度甲苯废气,结果表明,在入口气体甲苯浓度0.183～1.803mg/L及气体流量86.4～190.8L/h（停留时间6.2～13.6s）的实验范围内,增加入口气体甲苯浓度和气体流量,可使甲苯的生化去除量增大,每升体积的生物膜填料对甲苯的生化去除量最大可达157.13mg/h。由实验结果推断,生物膜填料塔对废气中甲苯的净化去除过程属于传质控制过程。对比结果表明,本研究建立的动力学模式对实际过程有很好的适用性,计算值与实验值之间的相关系数R＝0.98。     

我国县级地区生活垃圾焚烧设施环境社会风险分析及应对策略研究——基于31省份设施负荷率与网络舆情的分析

在政策支持和实际需求的驱动下,可能会导致县级地区垃圾焚烧项目迅速增多,且带来潜在的环境监管压力和环境社会风险,需要给予持续的特别关注,并对地方做好环境监管和风险管控的指导。本文基于全国精细化的生活垃圾焚烧处理设施、生活垃圾产生量、网络舆情等数据,通过构建泰森多边形等空间分析方法进行了焚烧处理设施的服务范围识别及负荷率计算,通过自然语言处理技术进行了关于生活垃圾焚烧处理设施的情感分析。在此基础上,基于焚烧处理设施的负荷率和负面舆情比例,对31个省份环境社会风险进行定量的评估分析并提出对策建议,一是平衡解决“缺口大”和“吃不饱”问题,合理规划布局县级地区生活垃圾焚烧处理设施;二是聚焦负面舆情高发领域、区域,积极防范县级地区生活垃圾焚烧处理设施环境社会风险。     

Preparation and characterization of Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for degradation dye wastewater

In order to develop a catalyst with high activity for catalytic wet oxidation (CWO) process at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by consecutive impregnation method and the prepared parameters were optimized. The structure of the catalyst was characterized by BET, XRF, SEM and XPS technologies, and the actual wastewater was used to investigate the catalytic activity of Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 in CWO process. The experimental results showed that the prepared catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity when the doping amount of Ti was 1.0 wt% (the weight ratio of Ti to carriers), and the middle product, CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3, was calcined in 450℃ for 2 h. The CWO experiment for treating actual dye wastewater indicated that the COD, color and TOC of actual wastewater were decreased by 62.23%, 50.12% and 41.26% in 3 h,respectively, and the ratio of BOD5/COD was increased from 0.19 to 0.30.